This series contains photographic prints and negatives documenting some of President Clausen's trips abroad, taken by governments or businesses where he visited. Most photographs are of the activities of President and Mrs. Clausen, but a few are photographs of World Bank projects. Some photographs are labeled, but the majority have no identification other than country and date. One album contains only photographic postcards. The photographs, mostly in presentation albums, are in color and black and white. Included are photos from the trips to Kenya, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Senegal, Ghana, China, Sudan, Morocco, Yemen, Mexico, Malawi, Uganda, Brazil, Colombia, and Mali. The series also includes photos of Clausen with the World Bank Executive Directors and a copy of United States Banker Magazine, December 1980 issue, with Clausen on the cover.

This series consists of a collection of background materials for President Clausen's speeches and other public appearances, such as television, radio, and magazine interviews. The records include correspondence and memoranda, talking points, drafts, reference materials and data, schedules, meeting summary notes, guest lists, thank you notes, and transcripts of press conferences and interviews with TV networks and magazines. The files contain some handwritten notes by Clausen. The series also includes one file from the period before he became President.

The files are arranged according to the name of the organization to whom the speech was given or the name of the organization interviewing the President. It seems likely that this background file originally contained only the invitations, correspondence, and arrangements for appearances, with the actual speeches in the chronological speech file. Over time, however, two things happened: first, the background files grew to contain data and supporting material for the content of the speech and, second, the background files came to contain external relations material not related to a specific speech. The four files on the U. S. Commission on Security and Economic Assistance, for example, principally document the Bank developing a position on the Commission and its recommendations (its report is included in the files), not a speech. Neither the chronological speech files nor the background files appears to include all the Clausen speeches; they need be used together in order to obtain a full picture of his public appearances.

This series contains congratulatory letters from heads of state, government officials, and international and domestic private entities to A.W. Clausen on the occasion of his appointment as the President of the World Bank and the outgoing responses from President Clausen. A list of the contact addresses filed at the beginning of the series.

Series consists of records maintained by Bernard R. Bell primarily relating to his work studying India's Fourth Five-Year plan while he was economic advisor to Andre de Lattre, President Woods' appointed representative to India. The study began with an appraisal mission headed by Bell which visited India in October-November 1966. The purposes of the mission were to examine the changes made in Indian economic policy in 1966 and how they were being implemented, and to survey the proposed Fourth Five-Year Plan and the aid requirements associated with it. The series contains: Bell's outgoing memoranda and cables with Woods and de Lattre and members of the 1966 appraisal mission to India; correspondence on the previous Bell Mission Report (1964-1966) on India's economy; correspondence with the government of India and documents from the U.S. government on India; a file on Woods' meeting with Ashok Mehta, the Indian Minister of Planning; and copies of official meeting documents of the India Consortium, a group of donor countries concerned with providing aid to India and India's development efforts. The consortium meeting records are filed with copies of memoranda primarily from Alexander Stevenson, Associate Director of Asia Department, and copied to Bell and others, covering the years 1966 to 1968.

Series also contains: subject files relating to the Fourth Plan, containing correspondence and background reference materials on agricultural policy, foreign debt, family planning, power, and other topics; a copy of Bell's fourteen volume Bell Mission report in 1965 published as "The Report to the President of the IBRD and IDA on India's Economic Development Effort"; and a copy of his 1967 Bank report titled, "Indian Economic Policy and the Fourth Five-Year Plan".

Also included in the series is a small volume of correspondence and other records, dating from 1964 to 1965, relating to the India coal transport study financed by the Bank, a report written by Bell's consulting firm in 1963 on statistics of Korea, and economic reports authored by the Bank, the Indian government or external research groups on India, its growth, and economic prospects, dating from 1973 to 1975.

The series consists of records related to Jonas' coordination of Bank operational responses to emergencies, pandemics, and other key initiatives, primarily through her participation and organization of high-level meetings, conferences, and other events. Most of the records comprising the series (four files, 2006 - 2014) contains information about the Bank's Avian and Human Influenza (AHI) program and collaboration with the United Nations and UN System Influenza Coordinator (UNSIC), World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE). Meetings and conferences represented within the files include: International Conference on Avian Influenza (2006); High Level Technical Meeting to Address Health Risks at the Human-Animal Ecosystems Interfaces (2011); and Avian Flu working group.

Other records (two files) relate to Jonas' work with the international Task Force on Small States (1999 - 2006), participation in the Global Conference on the Development Agenda for Small States in 2000 and the Small States Forum (2004 - 2005).

Also included is an individual file related to the Bank's support to post-tsunami disaster recovery in Indonesia and affected South Asia countries (2005 - 2006) including Bank staff participation in the Global Consortium on Tsunami Recovery held at UN, New York in April 2006.

There is also a briefing file related to Bank President Paul Wolfowitz's meeting with Roberto Danino kept by Jonas for reference (2005).

Record types include: meeting and conference working papers, agenda, concept note, and summary of proceedings; hard copies of Jonas' and other Bank staff slide presentations; talking point notes; briefing notes, e.g., status of the Bank's contributions to global avian and pandemic response and situation in Aceh and the Bank's post-tsunami activities; copies of Executive Board records and papers presented to the Board; financing requirement note; external reports, including the European Union (EU) and World Food Programme (WFP); draft notice for donors; background paper on pandemic risk for the 2014 World Development Report (WDR) and hard copy of a blog, both authored by Jonas; internal papers prepared by Bank units on tsunami recovery and poverty reduction; and travel and administrative documents.

E-mail hard copies are between Jonas and internal and external colleagues and between country directors, regional staff, and other Bank colleagues. Topics discussed include preparation and organization of conferences and meetings and invitations, Bank support activities, comments on papers, travel arrangements, and other business matters.

This series consists of two files related to academic seminars, professional conferences, and World Bank corporate training events that Frank participated in. For most of the seminars, Frank delivered a presentation himself as a guest speaker or contributed written material for discussion. Seminar topics include agribusiness, international food delivery, and Bank operations. Several agribusiness seminars were part of the Harvard Business School executive education program. The file of speeches contains Frank's prepared remarks for an international capital markets seminar on International Finance Corporation risk management, notes for a presentation at Nikko Securities in Tokyo about investment in emerging markets, and remarks to a conference of bankers in Colombia about Colombian financiers (financieras).

This series consists of chronological correspondence from when Jessica P. Einhorn served as Managing Director, Finance and Resource Mobilization (MDFMD), from January 1996 to August 1998. The records include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, notes, and emails. The bulk of the records are communications to or from internal World Bank units and staff. Subjects covered include financial administration, operations, risks, and strategy.

Some correspondence is between Einhorn and other senior World Bank officials, including President James D. Wolfensohn, fellow Managing Directors such as Sven Sandstrom and Caio Koch-Weser, and Executive Directors of the Bank. Included is one folder of personalized notes and annotated documents for Einhorn from President Wolfensohn, dating from 1995 to 1997, and from Managing Director Ernest Stern, dating from 1992 to 1994.

Series contains chronological correspondence and memoranda created and received by David R. Bock in his position as Director, Operations Staff in the Office of the Senior Vice President, Operations (OPNSV), covering the period from April 1990 to July 1991. Certain correspondence was drafted by Bock to be sent by Senior Vice President, Operations Moeen Qureshi.

Outgoing memoranda is addressed to operations vice presidency and regional staff, Office of the President (EXC), and other Bank departments.

Subjects addressed include country lending operations, operational policy and procedure, analysis of current initiatives, collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other multilateral development partners. Administrative topics include operations budget, staffing, corporate business planning and initiatives, and information technology support.

The series also includes a file dating 1987 to 1991 that contains correspondence and attachments pertaining to Bock's travel logistics, expenses, and claims while in OPNSV and previous units.

The series consists of records created by the Population, Health and Nutrition Division (PHRHN) and its subordinate units beginning from 1988 and continuing through 1995 under its' successor, the Population, Health and Nutrition Department (PHN) of the Human Resources Development (HRO) Vice Presidency.

Records generally consist of outgoing memoranda and letters, specifically hard copies of All-In-1 messages and attachments. Much of the correspondence is between division staff and external agencies, institutions, and governments discussing information exchange, collaboration on projects, and conferences. Correspondence between PHN staff and other Bank departments relates to: research paper publication; peer review and comments on research, strategy, and policy papers; conference attendance and planning; preparation of sector reviews; grants and trust funds; and assistance to and collaboration with the regions. Other records occasionally found among the correspondence are back-to-office reports; terms of reference (TORs); aide memoires; published and unpublished reports and policy papers; sector reviews; and business plans.

A small body of correspondence files all dated 1993 were provided classification by country or subject presumably by IISC (see Archival History field for further information). Most of the country files contain a single memorandum regarding projects, pre-appraisal and reviews, or country health or nutrition data. The subject files are also thin, and cover a variety of topics under: administration (including budget, work program, special grant or donor funding, and fiscal review); policy development and research; dissemination and training (including publications and attendance at conferences, workshops, roundtables, and other events); and general functional areas). This set of files contain mostly memoranda between PHRHN division staff and other Bank staff, including the Regions, often in the form of TORs and back-to-office reports.

This series consists of records relating to support of travel by President Wolfensohn undertaken in his capacity as World Bank Group (WBG) president. Destinations included member countries of both advanced and developing economies. The objectives for Wolfensohn's travel were wide ranging, including reviewing WBG financed projects, meeting the institution's clients, promoting its work and mission, building and maintaining relationships with donors and supporters, participating in bilateral and multilateral meetings with world leaders and other stakeholders, and attending conferences.

Guidance for the preparation of the president's briefing materials by country directors, resident representatives, the Office of External Affairs (EXT) or other WBG staff is managed by the Office of the President's (EXC) Middle Office, which also participates in the planning and logistics of the president's travel. The Middle Office also receives the briefing materials from authors and disseminates to the president.

Briefing materials for each trip can range significantly in terms of content and size, depending on the nature and length of the trip. Briefing materials for most multi-country trips are organized in multiple volumes, often divided by country. Towards the end of Wolfensohn's tenure, briefing materials are, at times, divided even further into briefing materials for specific meetings or events.

Earlier travel briefing packages, from President Wolfensohn's arrival at the WBG in 1995 through 2002 or 2003, were logged in the Office of the President's (EXC) Lotus Notes archiving database together with related correspondence and other briefing materials. Each logged briefing package is given a sequential number and a "Document Log" profile was generated. In these earlier travel briefing folders, a hard copy of the log is included at the beginning of the folder; it consists of a subject or title field indicating what trip the material relates to and the date of the trip. In some cases, the table of contents for the briefingmaterials is also included. If the folder is part of a multivolume set of folders relating to a multi-country trip, the log will also indicate what portion of the trip that particular folder relates to.

Most briefing packages include a table of contents at the beginning of the file, but the types of information in each briefing package is not consistent. Travel briefing materials can include: cover note authored by EXC, EXT, or other senior WBG staff summarizing the trip; invitations from country leadersto visit their country; itineraries; logistical plans including transportation and security arrangements; information about country offices and country office staff; country fact sheets or "key data"; briefing notes covering "themes" or WBG priorities in the country or region; International Finance Corporation (IFC) briefs; Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) briefs; International Monetary Fund (IMF) briefs; Bank Group or externally published materials relevant to the trip; documents illustrating different aspects of the WBG's work in specific countries or regions, including Bank country strategy, project briefs, projects under preparation, portfolio management, and Economic and Sector Work (ESW); internal memoranda related to topics relevant to the trip or to meetings Wolfensohn will participate in during the trip; maps; meeting information (including list of attendees, biographies of attendees, talking points, background on event/meeting, etc.); briefings for engagement with the media; speeches or notes for speeches to be made by President Wolfensohn; recent articles by the media on the country or related topics; articles by the media that were published during the trip and added to the briefing materials following the conclusion of the trip; thank-you letters from Wolfensohn to individuals he met with on trips and to WBG staff who organized the trips to be sent at the conclusion of the trip; notes on the trip and/or summary of the trip prepared for post-travel briefings and town halls.

The president's wife, Elaine Wolfensohn, accompanied him on many of his WBG-related trips. Briefing materials for Mrs. Wolfensohn are included for some trips. Materials include much of the same types of information included in President Wolfensohn's briefing materials, such as itinerary, country data and themes, WBG programming in the country, meeting notes, and press articles. In some cases, materials created for Mrs. Wolfensohn are integrated into the president's briefing package.

Note that handwritten notes,some in President Wolfensohn's hand, are sometimes found on the records in this series.

Finally, files containing itineraries from President Wolfensohn's travel throughout his tenure as WBG president are included in this series. Itineraries are logistical in nature, as they contain information on flights, ground transportation, and contact information in addition to basic information on scheduled meetings and events (location, participants, etc.)

Series consists of records related to ESSD and Bank-wide policy and guidelines development. In some cases, ESSDVP and Vice President Ian Johnson played active roles in the development of policy and guidelines while in others reports and correspondence were forwarded to ESSDVP for comment or for informational purposes. The series contains some records that evidence the formation of institutional rules and policies, namely Operational Policy and Business Practice (OP/BP). However, the majority of records in this series are the product of ESSDVP research and information exchange on various topics for the purpose of writing reports, planning projects, or developing relationships with external agencies, institutions, and governments.

The series contains a significant amount of records related to the development and evaluation of OP/BP. Records related to Bank forestry policy are numerous and include: a copy of Forest Policy Implementation Review and Strategy (OP/BP 4.36); a copy of Revised Forestry Strategy for the World Bank Group; minutes of an ad hoc group on the topic; ESSD Council meeting minutes on the topic; related correspondence; and an inventory of projects having to do with the topic. Series also contains records related to OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement and OP/BP 13.05 Guidelines for Projects Supervision. These include: correspondence; drafts of policy; and comments made by ESSDVP staff.

Records of the Operational Policy Committee Meeting from 1999 to 2002 are also included; records discuss OP/BP and guideline development. Records include: minutes; agendas; reports; comments; correspondence; and supporting materials.

Records in this series that do not relate to the development of specific policy may relate to ESSDVP and Ian Johnson's involvement in the research and writing of guidelines, reports, and evaluations but may also be limited to providing comments or receiving reports and correspondence for informational purposes. Topics include but are not limited to: human rights; indigenous peoples; safeguard policies; social development strategic directions; civil society; disaster management; water management and infrastructure; food assessment; climate change; desertification and drylands management; fisheries; commodity price risk management; global public policy; investment in energy infrastructure; promoting sustainability in development ; and Green procurement. Records on these topics include but are not limited to: final and draft versions of reports; comments from ESSDVP and, most often, Vice President Johnson; correspondence; meeting agendas and minutes; and briefing notes. Records from meetings and workshops attended and, in some cases, participated in by Johnson are included. These records include event and background materials and Johnson's notes.

A small amount of files contain records forwarded to Johnson from the Social Development Department (SDV) of ESSD. Topics of these records include: NGO/Bank relations; community driven development; cultural development; civil society; and post conflict development. Records generally include reports and correspondence.

Records related to Johnson's activities involving the Global Environment Facility (GEF) are also included, although small in number. These include correspondence and informational reports forwarded to Johnson and materials from replenishment meetings attended by Johnson.

The series also contains final reports and other records that the Operations Evaluation Department (OED, now the Independent Evaluation Group [IEG]) created that relate either directly to ESSD or to topics relevant to ESSD's sectors. OED reports found in this series include: OED Review of the Bank's Performance on the Environment (2001, draft, accompanied by presentation slides); Phase I Interim Report: 'Promoting Environmental Sustainability in Development: An Evaluation of the World Bank's Performance' (2000); Safeguard Policy Framework: OED Comments on Systemic Issues (2000); OED Forest Strategy Review (2000); OED Review of the World Bank Forest Strategy and Its Implementation (2000); The World Bank and Global Public Policies and Programs: An Evaluation Strategy (2001); How Far into the Mainstream? A Review of Environmental Issues in IDA Activities (2001); IDA's Partnership for Poverty Reduction (FY94-FY00) (2001); and OED IDA Review: Environmental Sustainability Issues in IDA 10-12 (2000). A number of reports on Forest Development and World Bank Assistance related to specific countries (China, India, and Brazil) are also included and are accompanied by briefing materials. Records that accompany reports include comments from ESSDVP and sector department staff as well as correspondence. A small amount of correspondence and reports forwarded to ESSDVP for informational purposes that relate to the Committee on Development Effectiveness (CODE) are also included in this series.

Series consists of correspondence files created by the ESSDVP. All of the correspondence in this series was authored by, addressed to, or forwarded to ESSD Vice Presidents Ismail Serageldin and Ian Johnson. There are, however, different forms of correspondence. Numbered correspondence in the form of a Lotus Notes log book is the most voluminous; these records span March 1998 to July 1999 and include correspondence to and from both Serageldin and Johnson. Correspondence of similar type, but that was not managed under the log book system, is included from 1999 to 2001 and is exclusively authored by or addressed to Johnson. Included in these records are a small number of short briefing notes authored by Johnson and/or the ESSDVP for the World Bank President. Memoranda files created in 2000 to 2001 are also included in this series as are a small number of records filed separately that only contain correspondence between the ESSDVP and the World Bank President between 1999 and 2001. The latter contains correspondence related to event and meeting attendance and planning, information exchange, briefing reports, and letters written by the ESSDVP for the President's signature.

Series consists of records relating to activities of the HROVP including staffing, policy development, and resource distribution.

This series consists of records from conferences, seminars, symposiums, workshops, and meetings organized or participated in by the Poverty and Social Policy Department (PSP). Some seminars, workshops, and meetings are organized by the specific teams or groups of PSP. Other events are organized in collaboration with NGOs, outside agencies, or other World Bank units. The records include: memoranda; correspondence; agenda and minutes; itineraries; printouts of presentation slides; speech transcripts; articles; programs; brochures; PSP produced reports; external reports; and post event follow-up reports. The events organized solely by PSP or one of its teams or groups contain planning records, such as proposed events, speakers, content, and budget information.

The series contains chronological files created by: the Education and Social Policy Department (ESP); the Poverty and Social Policy Department (PSP); and the Poverty, Gender, and Public Sector Management Department (PGP). Two separate sets of departmental chronological files are contained in this series: one for ESP; and another for PSP and PGP. The ESP chronological files consist of records related to: policy development; departmental contributions to external projects, reviews, and policy development; conference and seminar attendance and participation; and assistance to and collaboration with the Regions. Records include: memoranda; meeting briefing notes, agendas, and minutes; comments on research and policy papers and Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) papers; Terms of Reference; back-to-office reports; and progress reports. The ESP departmental chronological files are mostly correspondence with attachments and memoranda between ESP Director Kingsley Y. Amoako, ESP staff, and other World Bank units. Records within ESP departmental chronological files from July 1995 to December 1995 contain records created and received by both ESP and PSP, due to the transition period of ESP staff into PSP.

The separate PSP/PGP departmental chronological files consist of similar records between PSP/PGP Director Ishrat Husain, PSP staff, PGP staff, and other World Bank units. Additional PSP chronological files were also maintained for incoming and outgoing correspondence between Husain and external agencies and individuals from May 1995 to May 1997. Incoming and outgoing faxes and emails files between Husain, PSP staff, and other World Bank units are maintained from July 1995 to May 1997. PSP correspondence and memoranda from mid-1996 discuss the mapping of PSP Groups into the HD, ESSD, and PREM Networks. PGP related records are contained in chronological files dated January 1997 to May 1997 when PGP was temporarily created to transition into the PREM Network.

This series includes records related to the Annual Poverty Progress Report (APPR) prepared by the Education and Social Policy Department (ESP) and the Poverty and Social Policy Department (PSP). At the request of the Bank's Executive Board of Directors and the Office of the President (EXC), the ESP was given the responsibility of producing an annual report that gauged the progression of the Poverty Reduction Strategy outlined in the Bank's World Development Report (WDR) 1990: Poverty. The APPRs were scheduled to be published for the fiscal years 1993 to 1995. The reports were prepared by the Monitoring Unit of the Poverty Analysis and Policy team in ESP and later PSP. The bulk of poverty progress information was collected from the poverty assessment reports and assessment summaries produced by operational staff in the Regional Vice Presidencies. The APPRs were presented to the Executive Board, the Operational Policy Committee (OPC), and EXC for comment, review, and approval. The APPRs were then used as the official publication for dissemination to audiences external to the Bank, and were subsequently presented at Poverty Dissemination Seminars organized by the World Bank in partnership with various international development agencies, NGOs, government agencies, and academic institutions.

The records in this series includes background history and reference material on the Poverty Reduction Strategy and the 1990 WDR, including: a copy of the policy paper "Assistance Strategies to Reduce Poverty" (1991); and memoranda, agenda, meeting minutes, and a communiqu? related to the joint IMF and World Bank Development Committee from April 1992 regarding reporting on the Poverty Reduction Strategy. The records additionally consist of APPR drafts for 1992 to 1995, and a published APPR copy of the Poverty Reduction and the World Bank: Progress and Challenges in the 1990s for fiscal year 1995. Memoranda, correspondence, and back-to-office reports detail meetings with the Executive Board, OPC, and EXC related to the APPRs, and follow-up actions taken by ESP and PSP. Numerous World Bank press releases and external articles related to the APPRs are also included.

The series also includes records related to the Poverty Dissemination Seminars attended by World Bank staff in Europe from 1993 to 1994. These records consist of: memoranda; agenda and meeting minutes; correspondence; invitation letters to participants; speech transcripts of World Bank staff; external reports on poverty issues; and copies of the World Bank published APPRs. The memoranda and correspondence consist of planning arrangements between ESP/ PSP and other World Bank units for seminars. Other memoranda and correspondence are post--seminar reports or summaries of responses to the APPR from external organizations and individuals.

Series consists of records created and maintained by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Team of the Human Development Network (HDNHE) and previous units responsible for managing and monitoring grants to partnership programs. Records in this series document financial support for various programs primarily under the Bank's Special Grants Program (SPG) created in 1982, as well as the Development Grant Facility (DGF) approved in FY1998 which later absorbed the SPG. The management of funds and the activitiesfinanced were supervised by HDNHE and its predecessors beginning with the Population, Health, and Nutrition Department (PHN, 1979 to 1987). The programs were implemented by the Bank's development partners in the form of country-level operations, knowledge initiatives, advisory services, and collective action across countries on PHN sector priorities.

Partnership programs represented in the files include, but are not limited to: World Health Organization (WHO) for the Human Reproductive Program (HRP) and Stop TB (Tuberculosis); UNAIDS and WHO for HIV/AIDS; Commonwealth Medical Association (CMA) and Population Council for Safe Motherhood activities; Global Fund for Women and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) programs; and International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders for (ICCIDD) iodine nutrition control initiatives. Other SPG- and DGF-supported programs addressed malaria (Roll Back Malaria), disease testing, family planning and contraception, and organization of conferences, training, andstudies across the sectors.

The records reflect the activities of HDNHE program managers throughout the trust fund cycle, including preparation and review of grant proposals for the sector board or predecessor committees, handling communication with partner grant recipients, preparation of the Letter of Approval (LOA) issued by the HDN Vice President, arranging disbursement of funds, and evaluation of programs. Files contain substantive information on health, nutrition, and population programs in the formof: internal memoranda; all-in-1-notes; incoming and outgoing letters; handwritten notes; draft and final proposals; recipients' annual, financial, and technical reports; recipient interim reports; budget reports; minutes of meetings; background papers, some prepared by PHN; and printed material produced by partner organizations.

Correspondence is between the responsible HDNHE or predecessor unit program manager and the president or head of the partner organization. Internal memoranda are addressed toand from the sector program manager, sector director, and other sector staff including the Population Policy and Advisory Service Group (PPAS, established in 1992 in the PHR Front Office). Other Bank groups represented in the memoranda are the Special Grants Oversight Committee Secretary, DGF Secretariat, and others. The correspondence and memoranda cover matters including proposals or reports received the grant recipient's use of funds or surplus funds, legalities of budget guidelines, and comments on theLOA. The accounting and disbursement data are mostly presented in memoranda between HDNHE or predecessor unit and the Office of the Vice President and Controller (CTRVP).

There are also chronological files (1985 - 1997) and records related to SPG meetings, committee, or advisory group meetings containing agenda, minutes, and correspondence (1994 - 1998). The Population NGOs and Safe Motherhood Committee discussed details of funding proposals, amounts and recommendations, updates on funds spent, and approved proposals. A small volume of records also relate to: the historical background of SPG and include various discussion papers (1987 - 1995); Bank review of SPG in the 1990s; and a PHN strategy report on SPG (1995).

Records were created and maintained by various staff including Senior Population Adviser Tom Merrick, Population Specialist Janet Nassim, Senior Nutrition Advisor Alan Berg, Nutrition Specialist Judith McGuire, Health Specialist Kirrin Gill, and Consultant Crystal Worzola.

Records are predominantly in English. However, there is occasional correspondence, external reports, publications, and other material in French, Spanish, and German.

Series consists of nutrition sector country files maintained by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Team (HDNHE) and predecessors beginning from the Population and Nutrition Projects Department formed in 1972. Country files were predominantly created between 1973 and 2000 and contain external reports, publications, and internal memoranda between HDNHE staff and country offices regarding the status of the health and nutrition sector of member countries. There are also a small number of items within the files that were externally produced between 1963 and 1968 and used as reference by HDNHE staff.

Records in this series were maintained in continuity during the period when the nutrition unit was situated under two different sector departments. The Nutrition Unit (PNPD2) was created under the Population Projects Department in July 1972 (later renamed Population and Nutrition Projects Department). Nutrition functions were then transferred to the Agriculture and Rural Development Department (AGRNU) in November 1975 until the Population, Health and Nutrition Department (PHN) was established in October 1979.

Records in the series were created and maintained by various staff including: Dr. Alan D. Berg (deputy director, Nutrition Unit, PNPD2, 1972 - 1975, then Senior Nutrition Advisor 1975 -1992 in AGRDR, later PHNDR and PHRDR); Dr. Judith S. McGuire (nutritionist, PHRHN 1988 - 1993, then senior nutrition advisor); Joy Miller Del Rosso (nutrition consultant, PHRHN later Human Development Department, between 1992- 1996); and others.

Most of the country files represent low-and lower-middle- income countries, however, Sweden and the United States are also represented in the files in the form of background reference reports. The Sweden file contains an article and report on diet in Sweden and Scandanavia. Among the earliest nutrition sector country files with material from the 1960s and early 1970s are Singapore, Sweden, Mauritius, Malaysia, Tunisia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Gabon, Kenya, Korea, and Pakistan. There are also files concerning nutrition in the former Soviet Union (1993 - 1997). Several of the nutrition sector files specifically relate to Venezuela and are titled constraint assessment (1988 - 1998), food policy study (1996 - 1999), and nutrition education component (1996 - 1997). Other topics represented within the series include, but are not limited to: breastfeeding, child nutrition, malnutrition, micronutrients, and food policy.

A small number of the nutrition sector country filescontain project-related correspondence and the department's missions and preliminary reports. These include the Nutrition Research and Development Project for Brazil approved in 1976 and the India Tamil Nadu Nutrition Project approved in 1980. The India file reflects early discussions and project planning from 1974. The Brazil and India projects where two of only four standalone nutrition projects approved by the Bank between 1976 and 1981.

Other records in the series include: internal memoranda regarding unit comments on Research Project Outputs (RPOs); mission travel and mission findings to examine proposed nutrition components of projects, and other nutrition sector work; sector issue reports including drafts; Initial Executive Project Summaries (IESPs) on countries distributed from the regional division chief; back-to-office reports, some authored by country departments; consultant's reports; external reports, brochures and booklets; external mission reports and drafts or final versions of concept papers authored by United Nations agencies, government ministries, international organizations or by individuals from academic and research institutes; and journal articles. One report in is Portuguese.

Several files contain only external reference material related to the country's nutrition sector.

Series contains records maintained by the various divisions and departments responsible for the population, health, and nutrition sector while producing and disseminating research, and developing and analyzing sector policy and strategy. The records reflect discussions about the department's research priorities, methods and techniques of analysis, the quality of its work and ways to improve it, and its relationship to the country-based work carried out in the Bank's regional offices.

Records in the series were primarily created by the Policy and Research Unit (PHNPR), established in 1979 and dismantled in the 1987 Bank-wide reorganization. PHNPR's functions were continued by succeeding units through to the Health, Nutrition, and Population Team (HDNHE), but no longer as a separate division dedicated to policy and research. Many of the records were maintained by PHNPR Chief Nancy Birdsall during her tenure (1984 - 1987) as well as Senior Demographer K.C. Zachariah, Population and Human Resources Division, Economics Department and later the Policy and Research Division, PHNPR (1970 - 1987).

Record types include, but are not limited to: research proposals; terms of reference; back-to-office reports; contracts; agreements with consultants, universities and other third parties who are doing research for or with the division; initiating briefs for policy papers; statistical and other data; published and unpublished reports; drafts and final working papers; briefing notes; external reports and publications; surveys and questionnaires; budget reports and other financial records of research expenditures; and related correspondence.

Staff and consultant research papers

The largest portion of records in the series relate to research and concept papers authored by various department and division staff and consultants. Apart from a single file dated 1970, the papers were primarily accumulated between 1979 and 1988. Records are organized by author and contain draft papers and correspondence about comments on papers. Senior staff and other individuals represented in the files include, but are not limited to: Directors Kandiah Kanagaratnam, John North and David de Ferranti; PHNPR Division Chief Nancy Birdsall; Senior Health Advisor Anthony Measham; Senior Nutrition Advisor Alan Berg; and other Bank staff outside of PHN such as James Lee, Ernest Stern, Shahid Husain, and Barbara Herz. General sector topics are covered as well as topics related to a particular country or region. Subjects include: family planning; rural contraceptive needs; marriage and migration; sub-Saharan Africa population policy project; public health planning; primary health care; health expenditures; education; and economic topics such as liberalization and taxes. A smaller volume of files relate to papers presented at symposia or conferences.

PHNPR Division subject files

The series also comprises a large volume of subject files maintained by the former PHNPR Division between 1976 and 1987. Some of the files were created by staff of the former Population and Human Resources Division. The subject files cover a wide range of the division's activities such as policy research and analysis, preparing studies, project support, conferences, and other knowledge and learning events. These files contain internal memoranda, outgoing letters, reports, background papers, conference reports and agenda, and other records.

Several subject files refer to a specific country project funded by IDA credit (Gambia National Health Project) and covers project appraisal, budget, and analysis on lending in the sector. Files concerning research projects are indicated by the RPO (Research Project Output) code assigned to projects throughout the Bank by the Development Economics department. The RPO material was mostly maintained by Dr. Susan Cochrane, senior economist, PHNPR. RPO files relate to the projects Education and Rural Development in Nepal and Thailand (RP0671-49) and Determinants of Fertility in Egypt (RP0671-49). Included are: memoranda and letters discussing project status updates and workshops on population research; draft surveys and questionnaires with annotations; questionnaire instructions and code sheets; interviewer manual; proposals submitted to Research Committee; expense and budget reports documenting financing through the Research Committee; preliminary chapters; data tables; and background reports. Most of the material is in English but there are also questionnaires and data in Thai. A memo from Susan Cochrane (DEDPH) to the Steering Committee on Determinants of Fertility in Egypt is also included.

Other subject files pertain to poverty guidelines and contain memoranda, reports, and manuals on the Bank's measurement of poverty as it relates to lending to the lower income countries and to alleviate urban poverty. There are also subject files related to health care, health financing, health program evaluation, health services research, pharmaceuticals and drugs, health organizations, diseases, health resources development, irrigation health risk study, and the interaction between health and water supply. Subject files on nutrition relate to nutrition research, programming, nutrition service delivery, and food subsidies and pricing. Population files concern population aspects of education projects, population studies, fertility, contraception, and population policies.

Files related to conferences include the 1984 International Conference on Population, Conference on Research Priorities for Sub-Saharan Africa in Bellagio 1985, Task Force for Child Survival Cartagenaconference, and also seminars, workshops, and EDI training. There are also files related to data on women in development, household living standards, and files reflecting PHN's input on President Clausen's speeches.

Other PHNPR subject files relate to partnerships with international organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO), academic institutes, committees and working groups, and inter-agency partnerships such as the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), the Control of Diarrheal Diseases (CDD) Program, and the Onchocerciasis Control Program (OCP) or river blindness. The onchocerciasis file (1980 - 1984) contain memoranda, a report of an independent commission regarding economic analysis of OCP reflecting the involvement of Andre Prost and Nick Prescott (PHN) and comments on reports by Karen Lashman Hall (PNHPR). There are also files regarding WHO and Bank cooperation for HIV/AIDS and comments on the draft proposals on structure and coordination of the WHO Special Programme on AIDS.

Working papers series and publications

The series also contains a substantial volume of records related to the PHN Technical Note working papers series authored between 1976 and 1992, arranged by the series or issue number. Files primarily contain printer's copies and research data on topics including cost benefit and cost effectiveness studies, demographic data, AIDS research, health care management, and Safe Motherhood (also known as maternal and child health and mortality).

Thereare also reports and other records related to the PHN Policy Research Working Papers (WPS numbered series) covering the years 1989 to 1993 and include annual sector reviews which outlines population, health, and nutrition lending, health system trends, costs, and resources. Although most of the publications and papers were forwarded to the Bank's Internal Documents Unit and were eventually digitized, other papers contained in this series were disseminated through PHN's successor, HDNHE.

Series also contains handwritten notes, regional data tables for population and mortality projections and labor force data for member countries, as well as memoranda accumulated between 1973 and 1990 in preparation for the annual World Development Reports (WDR). Several files relate to the 1984 WDR that focused on economic performance and population growth, including comments on drafts.

There are also three files (1993 - 1996) related to the best practices book authored by PHN Senior Nutritionist, Dr. Judith McGuire, and consultant Rae Galloway, entitled "Enriching Lives - Overcoming Vitamin and Mineral Malnutrition in Developing Countries" published by the World Bank in 1994. Includes three floppy diskettes of the Spanish version, hard copy of the English master for correction, bound French version, and drafts.

Senior Demographer K.C. Zachariah records

Series also consists of a set of chronological files and subject files maintained by Dr. K.C. Zachariah, Senior Demographer between 1970 and 1987 beginning when Zachariah was in the Population and Human Resources Division, Economics Department and later the Policy and Research Division (PHNPR). The chronological files span 1971 to 1984; however, files for the years 1979 and 1981 are not present. There are two files of incoming correspondence from 1983 to 1987, and several subject files containing research proposals, final versions of staff working papers, and study papers authored by Zachariah including Population Projections for Bank Member Countries 1970 - 2000. Specific subjects covered in Zachariah's records include family planning, income distribution and fertility rates, demographic measures, and migration in specific countries or regions. There are also back-to-office reports and terms of reference documents regarding Zachariah's research missions and attendance at international conferences, terms of reference for consultants, and administrative records related to the recruitment of consultants and research assistants.

Health Sector Strategy paper

Series contains records regarding the development of the HDNHE 1997 Health Sector Strategy paper, from 1995 to 1997. Included are minutes of strategy retreats, strategy and concept paper drafts and final version, notes, and Sector Board minutes in which concept papers were reviewed and discussed.

Tobacco control policy

Also included in the series are records related to tobacco control analysis and policy created between 1988 and 1999 which were primarily maintained by Dr. Prabhat Jha, health specialist, Human Development Department (HDD) and later HDNHE. Records include correspondence, mainly containing comments on report outlines and background papers, draft papers, trip reports, conference publications, handwritten research notes, and statistical tables and charts regarding smoking prevalence, tobacco, cigarette consumption, GDP, and other data. The Bank had organized a consultation session on the economics of tobacco control in 1997 at the tenth World Conference on Tobacco in Beijing that was part of an ongoing review of the Bank's own control policies. A Bank-sponsored international conference on the economics of tobacco control in Cape Town followed in 1998. Files contain Beijing conference abstract booklets and programme, and Cape Town conference funding report and press conference reports. The Bank and WHO began a global study in 1997 on the economics of tobacco control for countries, particularly low-income and middle-income countries and a small volume of files relate to statistical data compiled, as well as the study team's 1999 publication led by Jha and Frank J. Chaloupka entitled "Curbing the Epidemic: Governments and the economics of tobacco control". There isalso correspondence with UN Agencies including FAO, WHO, UNCTAD, and ECOSOC dating from 1989 to 1995 that represents the Bank's early work on tobacco by Senior Economist Howard Barnum.

This series consists of records relating to preparation for President Wolfensohn's engagement with the news media. Engagements include print interviews, television interviews, interviews for film productions, and press conferences. Records include briefing materials as well as press clippings, magazine and journal articles, and other print media that was generated with or without the participation of President Wolfensohn or the World Bank Group (WBG). Note that materials related to engagement with the media during Annual and Spring Meetings are arranged elsewhere in this subfonds as are audio-video materials that resulted from Wolfensohn's involvement.

Some of the briefing materials contained in this series include a "Document Log" sheet, but they are not as common as with other types of briefing materials. Information in the log includes event title, interviewer name (if applicable), date and time of engagement, other logistical information, and brief information about the purpose and/or topics to be discussed during the engagement.

Cover notes for interviews and other engagements with the media are often included at the beginning of each briefing and can provide logistical information, rationale for the interview, information on the media outlet, and interview questions (if supplied). Cover notes for press clippings, when present, generally only include the title of the article and occasionally a small amount of background or summary of the story.

The briefing materials for each engagement with the media can include: talking points on topics that are expected to be discussed; background materials on topics to be discussed; question and answer documents containing suggested answers to specific questions; and biographies on the interviewer and, in some cases, samples of other stories they have written. In some cases, transcripts of interviews and press conferences are included as is internal correspondence regarding the use of the interview.

The series consists of published media clippings in the form ofclippings from newspapers, print outs of online articles, and full journals or magazines containing stories on the WBG and/or President Wolfensohn covering most of Wolfensohn's tenure. In addition, a small number of clippings profiling Wolfensohn prior to his arrival at the WBG and relating to his nomination as WBG president in March 1995 are also included. In some cases, clippings have been combined into single, large folders organized by date or topic; many of the clippings appear to have been compiled by the Office of External Relations (EXT) and forwarded to the Office of the Director (EXC). In other cases, a single clipping has been filed in one folder and filed with EXC's briefing materials. In almost all cases there are no accompanying records.

Series consists of records related to activities in the Operations Policy Department's Policy Group (OPRPG). Records relate specifically to a Task Force on Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) focusing on operational responsiveness and evaluation and accountability. Records consist of a variety of reports and memoranda. Series also consists of Annual Reports on Portfolio Performances (ARPPs) for 1994 and 1996.

Series relates to work Desmond McCarthy undertook as a consultant for the Quality Assurance Group (QAG) in 2004 and 2005.

Series includes records relating to a quality assessment of Non-Lending Technical Assistance (NLTA) conducted by the Quality Assurance Group (QAG) on which McCarthy served as a panelist in 2004. Records relating to assessments of the State Owned Bank Technical Assistance project in Romania and the Services Sector Census project in China are included. Records include background information on each project and QAG guidelines for the assessment process.

Records related to the QAG assessment of the Customs Modernization Handbook are also included in this series. The Handbook was intended to provide guidance to organizations and individuals involved in the preparation and implementation of customs modernization projects. Records include a copy of the handbook itself as well as comments on the Handbook and records related to the release and dissemination of the Handbook.

Series also includes records related to a 2003-2004 QAG review of analytical and advisory activities (AAA) primarily related to Bulgaria, including reviews of: public expenditure issues; rural development sector; Country Procurement Assessment Report (CPAR); and a national energy efficiency study. Records consist of background materials and guidance questionnaires: the latter often contain hand-written notes presumably made by McCarthy.

Series consists of correspondence created and received by Frank Vita during his time as a loan officer in the Eastern Africa Department (EAF). Series contains correspondence, memoranda, and telexes primarily between Vita and WorldBank colleagues. Records exclusively discuss the country of Malawi and World Bank operations in that country. Specifically, records discuss the writing of country sector studies, Country Program Papers, and country lending programreports. Series contain drafts and final versions of these documents as well as supporting office memoranda and back-to-office reports.

Series consists of records relating to World Bank Group security policy, planning, coordination, and response activities, and James L. Theodores's role leading this work as Field Coordinator (FC) between 1981 and 1987. Records include: official Bank policies and procedures on security in the field and other materials authored by Theodores and distributed to Bank staff; external publications on security and terrorism; undated and uncredited briefing papers on hijackings, letter and parcel bombs, and telephone threats; consultants' reports on World Bank Group security policy and planning; staff guidelines regarding street crime, burglary, vehicles and travel, and fire protection; reports and summaries of political incidents, security advisories, and incidents involving Bank staff; correspondence regarding specific travel bans; work program and other materials related to the Field Office Improvement Program developed by Theodores upon taking over the position of FC; and the FC transition program that resulted in the transfer of the Field Security System to the General Service Department's (GSD) Security Division upon Theodores's departure from the World Bank in 1987. Some records also relate back to Theodores's time as Resident Representative in Kabul, Afghanistan (1977-1980) and the various security plans and guidelines he followed and enforced.

Series also includes records related to the hijacking of Pakistan International Airlines PK326 in March 1981. One of the hostages was World Bank staff member Jeffrey Balkind. Theodores served as the coordinator and major spokesman for the World Bank's informal Crisis Management Team during the hostage taking. Records include regular updates on the hijacking, primarily in the form of wires from the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) Resident Representative in Kabul, Afghanistan. Security updates authored by Theodores presumably for internal World Bank consumption are also included.

Records in this series related to the hijacking were subsequently used by Balkind for research purposes. A letter from Balkind to Theodores thanking him for the use of these records is included as is the packaging used to courier the records back to Theodores. The packaging is dated June 26, 1996. A complete draft of Balkind's unpublished history of the hijacking, "Life and Death on a Tarmac: The Hijacking of PK326" is included. Other chapters of the book that were reviewed and annotated by Theodores are also included, as is correspondence between Theodores and Balkind.

Records related to the May 1985 abduction of consultant Dr. Robert Williams, his wife Jenny Williamson, and their driver are also included. Williamson was engaged in work on a World Bank supervised project in Pakistan. Records include initial reports and notes on the incident and regular updates, including those made to senior staff World Bank staff.

The series consists of sector policy review and sector work program review records created and maintained by Visvanathan Rajagopalan when he served as Vice President for Sector Policy and Research (PREVP/PRSVP), and its successor the Sector and Operations Policy Vice Presidency (OSPVP). Included in the series are drafts and final versions of Initiating Memoranda and policy papers; comments Rajagopalan received from his staff and units throughout the Bank on draft policy documents; briefing papers on draft policies; minutes of meetings of the PPR Management Group, the Operations Committee, the Policy Review Committee, the Executive Directors, the Committee of the Whole, and the UNDP/World Bank High Level Task Force on Collaboration at which policy documents were discussed; copies of Rajagopalan's remarks to the Executive Directors on policy documents; annual sector review reports; records related to sector department work program review; and copies of intra-OSP memoranda commenting on draft documents. Many ofthe documents are annotated with Rajagopalan's handwritten notes.

Series consists of chronological files created during Chernick's time as Advisor on Senior Policy Seminars in the Economic Development Institute (EDI). The majority of the files consist of correspondence in the form of carbon copies, printed copies, and telexes; a small number of draft reports accompany the correspondence. Records primarily relate to the development and planning of Senior Policy Seminars and their evaluation. Records related to the development and planning of seminars include: correspondence with potential seminar leaders and attendees; Terms of Reference related to Chernick's trips to plan or oversee seminars; back-to-office reports; reports to other members of EDI describing planned seminars; suggestions for, and discussions of, potential seminar topics; activity briefs; and logistics. Records related to the evaluation of seminars include: Terms of Reference for Impact Evaluation of EDI activities; a draft of a seminar evaluation package; blank evaluation questionnaires; and EDI EvaluationPolicy Committee meeting records (including a report on the Committee itself [1987]).

Other records include: a report on the World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program (1987); Chernick's proposed work program for 1987; materials related to World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program meetings; a report authored by Chernick entitled A Briefing Note on Foreign Exchange Risk (1985); reports and correspondence discussing the relationship between OED and EDI; EDI submissions to the World Bank Annual Report (submitted by Chernick); materials related to EDI Advisory Board meetings; and materials related to EDI Senior Staff meetings.

The background material in this series includes such varied items as a photograph of the Woods on their honeymoon; Louise Woods' card as a volunteer nurses aide in the U.S. Citizens Defense Corps of the City of New York, 1949; Louise Woods' voter registration card for the City of New York 1957; a copy of Life magazine of June 12, 1958, with George Woods on the cover; formal photographic portraits of George D. and Louise Woods, alone and together; copies of photographs from various sources, most with annotations by Oliver; copies of the Columbia University Oral History Research Offices interviews with Louise Woods and Edward Townsend; and two books, As I Went Along, by Alan Pope, President of First Boston Corporation, given to associates at Christmas 1947 and 75 Years of Banking, distributed by the Mellon National Bank in 1944. The bulk of the series is the George D. Woods clippings files, both from his unsuccessful nomination in September 1961 to head the Agency for International Development and his October1962 appointment to the World Bank.

Series consists of various records maintained by the Education Sector Board of the Human Development Network (HDN) that was launched in September 1996. The Education Sector Board was one of the first sector boards to operate ahead of the Bank-wide reorganization in July 1997 that created networks to link staff working in the same sectors throughout the Bank.

The sector board was chaired by the sector director of the Human Development Network Education Team (HDNED). Maris O'Rourke was the first to serve in this position (1996 - 2000), followed by Director Ruth Kagia (tenure 2001 - 2008). The board was comprised of staff drawn from the network as well as representatives from the regions, Development Economics Department (DEC), International Finance Corporation (IFC), and World Bank Institute (WBI) and was managed by a sector manager. Accountable to the HDN Council led by the Human Development Network Vice Presidency, the board was supported by a secretariat. Records in the series reflect the responsibilitiesof the board in setting the strategy for the Bank's work in the sector, endorsing business plans and budget, ensuring the regions and anchor perspectives were coordinated, overseeing the outreach and partnerships for the sector, and vetting grant and trust fund proposals for quality, consistency, and prioritization with sector objectives.

A large portion of the series consists of meeting records including minutes, agenda, and reports from 1996 to 2006. There are records for one 1996 meeting held in December and a gap in the meeting records exists between 2004 and 2005. Some of the minutes contain handwritten annotations. Occasionally minutes are filed with copies of correspondence to the Office of the President or HDN Council, conference invitations and agenda, course outlines, draft and final discussion papers, external reports or newsletters, and other items. The minutes reflect discussion and decisions taken on various initiatives and topics such as: special grant proposals; preparation of reports or sector strategy; data and trends presented by sector staff including decline in education lending; external conferences and other events held by partners; quality assurance; Human Development Week event activities; fiscal year business plan and budget; staff training and development; awards programs; Bank reorganization; and various internal administrative matters. The minutes also specify follow-up actions to be taken.

The series also consists of chronological files of the sector board (1995 - 2000, with agap between mid-1998 and 1999), sector manager chronological file (2001 - 2002), and several correspondence and external correspondence files in liaison with the Office of the President (EXC, 2002 - 2005), specifically Wolfensohn (1996 - 1998), executive directors (1996 - 1997), HD Council (1996 - 1997), and the network's predecessor, Human Development Department (HDD) front office (1996 - 1997). The EXC correspondence files contain the incoming correspondence and log sheet with instructions, the response prepared by HDNED director or staff on behalf of the director, and emails between staff regarding draft responses that were sometimes jointly drafted with the input of other Bank units.

Subject files maintained by the sector board (1995 - 1999) also comprise the series. Files contain internal memoranda, external correspondence, and other records that relate to strategy, budget, funding, personnel, knowledge management, communications for the 1997 Human Development Network launch, Evaluation Learning Group, partnerships with external organizations, Development Grant Facility (DGF), and specific sector topics such as distance education and technology. There are also files related to the HDN Council that contain minutes of the HD Council meetings attended by O'Rourke and correspondence outlining directives from the HDD VP for the action of the sector board and regarding the launch of the networks including staffing matters. Correspondence is primarily between O'Rourke and other education sector senior staff such as Jeffrey Waite and Nick Burnett and includes all-in-1 messages and email hard copies, internal memoranda, and facsimiles. The correspondence is occasionally filed with internal reports such as working group and portfolio performance review reports, strategy papers, Terms of Reference, handwritten notes, and various other records.

An additional set of records relate to sector strategy, quality, governance, and partnerships (2000 - 2003). Strategy files contain draft business plans, Terms of Reference,issues notes, sector board minutes, framework or working papers, concept note reports, guidelines, executive summaries, and other reports. Strategic areas include Education for All Fast Track Initiative (EFA-FTI), HIV/AIDS, user fees in primary education, adult basic education, early child development, science and technology, and other themes.

Quality review records maintained by the sector board relate to the Quality Enhancement Review (QER) process for Bank-financed education projects at entry, quality training, and portfolio monitoring. The QER was initiated by the sector board in fiscal year 1999 and organized by the Quality Promotion Team, HDNED, in close collaboration with the Quality Assurance Group (QAG) and the regions. The purpose of the QER was to provide professional advice for country and task teams to enhance the quality and impact of projects and economic sector work (ESW). The files titled "Quality" contain: QER guidelines and overview documents; list of QERs FY2001 to 2003; QER panel roster; Terms of Reference; reports; and email hard copies regarding requests for QER by task team leaders (TTLs) and provision of quality training courses in collaboration between HDNED and Human Development Network, Health, Nutrition and Population Team (HDNHE) and HDNVP. The records pertaining to portfolio monitoring include quarterly reports, FY2002 retrospective report, and email hard copies between HDNED staff Omporn Regel and HDN Operations Officer Hongu Yang from HDNHE Lead Specialist Christopher Walker. Also included are four QER files related to Water and Sanitation and two related to Environment Sector Board QER that were presumably kept as reference.

Series consists of records documenting HDNED and previous units support to the Bank's lending and project activities within the education, training, and employment sector. Records are organized into subject files and contain details on Bank loans and credits and interaction with units in the various regions.

The earliest records in the series were maintained by the Project Related Training Program (EDCPT) staff of the Education Department created in July 1983. The unit provided operational support to theregional transportation, public utilities, and agriculture divisions on matters related to project-related training (PRT) which primarily involved developing advanced courses and instructing sector staff on project design and implementation. In February 1985, EDCPT became the Project Related Training Division (EDTPT) under the renamed Education and Training Department and was terminated in July 1986. Records cover the period from 1982 to 1986 and include: preliminary draft guidelines; copies of internal memoranda, many to EDT director; policy notes; discussion papers; and a copy of the 1978 Operation Evaluation Department (OED) Review of Bank Operations in the Education Sector report. Specific topics covered, but not limited to, include: guidelines for project related training components in transportation projects; an approach to manpower development for the transport sector; guidelines for designing training components in agricultural and rural development projects; and United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO) Cooperative Program review. EDPT records were primarily created by Senior Training Adviser Augustin Alberti, Division Chief Lennart Swahn, and Senior Training Adviser H.W. Barker.

The series also contains records related to the Quality Enhancement Review (QER) panel's work on various education projects managed by operational task teams, and a review of the World Bank Institute Education Training program. The QER panel was first instituted for HDN projects in Fiscal Year 1999. QER broadly followed the Quality Assurance Group (QAG) methodology to improve the quality of projects but functioned as an independent group of senior colleagues who conducted the project preparation review with the task teams.

QER records were created between 2000 and 2007 apart from a file containing a 1997 report. Senior Education Specialists Juan Manual Moreno, Yidan Wang, and other HDNED served as QER panel members with typically two or three other colleagues from the region's education units. QER panels were not always represented by HDNED staff but in the case of these records, the panel reviews were jointly sponsored by the Education Sector Board and QAG. Records contain panel Terms of Reference, agenda or interview schedule, draft project concept notes, project appraisal documents (PADs), aide-memoires, issues papers, minutes of review meetings, back-to-office reports, project data tables, country profiles, external strategy papers and reports, previous QER reports, and other reference material collected by the panel to support its review. Most files do not contain a final panel review report. Among the several projects represented in the files are West Bank and Gaza Higher Education (P083767) and Montenegro Education Project (P084597).

There are also files regarding sector plans, sector strategy, and country and lending information. Sector plan files relate to the Fast Track Initiative (2002 - 2005) and include Education for All and Fast Track Initiative (EFA-FTI) proposals and plans produced by member countries across multiple regions. Education sector strategy records (1999) contain an implementation plan, chapters, annexes with data tables and figures and maps outlining education lending, and two hard copy emails between HDNED Adviser Jeffrey Waite and Anja Robakowski-Van Strolen. Finally, there is a file containing country information divided by region with country action plans and supporting data on the status of education and Bank assistance in each country.

Series contains a variety of records mostly maintained by the HDNED Knowledge Management unit responsible for producing or disseminating education sector information products and responding to client requests. Records in the series take the form of reports; project lesson reports; newsletters; presentation slides; correspondence; and supporting documentation.

A significant volume of records is comprised of Bank reports (primarily Quality Enhancement Review [QER] reports), newsletters, and publications related to country education projects (1999 - 2004). Numerous countries are represented from all regions, particularly European and Central Asia as well as the Middle East and South Asia.

The series also contains records related to presentations and visits of Director Maris O'Rourke including her 1998 visit to the United Nations, presentations to the Human Development Council HDN, and other external presentations on the Bank and education. Several presentation files contain transparency slides, and a small number of these include the hard copy slides with presentation notes. Some slides appear to be prepared as templates for presenters to customize for audiences while others were prepared and used for specific presentations.

Other subject files cover: economics of human resources and economic analysis of education projects (1994 - 1999); the role of the World Bank in education as well as in education research and evaluation (1996 - 1998); structural adjustment and education (1997); knowledge management (1997); education strategy (1999); sector board's work program and budget (1999); and a small volume of conference and workshop papers such as for Quality of Economic and Sector Work (ESW) Workshop (2002).

Records regarding the World Education Forum, Dakar (2000) contain: email hard copies between O'Rourke and Steven Commins (External Relations); attached reports and Education for All (EFA) planning meeting summaries centered around communications and public relations; draft outline for President Wolfensohn speeches; back-to-office reports of O'Rourke and successor Director Ruth Kagia; and draft conference reports.

Series consists of records related to the Energy Department (EGY) and successor divisions and units' support to project lending, technical assistance, implementation of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) projects, economic and sector work (ESW), and other sector analyses. The earliest records in the series are externally produced geological maps (Ghana, 1958), seismic maps, and external technical reports starting from 1959 that were kept as reference mainly for ESMAP energy assessments and petroleum exploration projects.

Related sectors such as industry, forestry, and environment are occasionally represented in the project records, usually in the form of copies of staff appraisal reports, other sector project documents, or memoranda regarding collaboration and information sharing. The series also contains records created in support of mining operational activities primarily during the period of the Oil, Gas, Mining, and Chemicals Department (COC, 2002 - 2010).

The following are three major groupings of records: Energy Assessment Programme (EAP) and ESMAP projects; Bank project lending, cross support and ESW; and general country and topical files. These are described further below. Each grouping represents several different units that maintained the records and these units' separate recordkeeping systems over time.

EAP and ESMAP project records

The largest volume of records in the series (1958 - 2002) relate to energy sector projects to aid low- and lower-middle income countries, particularly oil-importing nations, that were carried out under ESMAP and its precursor program, EAP. In operation from 1980 to 1987, EAP was the technical assistance program co-sponsored by UNDP and the Bank to diagnose a country's most serious energy problems and evaluate options. Assessment missions produced reports for over 70 countries. ESMAP was created in 1983 as a trust-funded program to complement EAP and implement the assessment priorities. After EAP ended in 1987, ESMAP took over assessment work. As the executing agency for ESMAP and EAP, the Energy Department units and successor Industry and Energy Department (IEN) units were responsible for implementing the program and its projects, providing management and budgetary support, recruiting consultants, and preparing reports. From December 1991 to December 1992 when ESMAP was an independent department from IEN, the ESMAP Operations Division (ESMOD) and ESMAP Strategy and Programs Division (ESMPD) carried out ESMAP projects. Since ESMAP's establishment, projects were frequently undertaken in collaboration with consultants who visited project recipients and field sites, researched and collected data, and prepared reports.

ESMAP projects included various activities in the areas of: assessments, project formulation and justification (feasibility and prefeasibility studies), and institutional and policy support (technical assistance, strategies, etc.). Projects were financed or cofinanced by UNDP, theBank, and bilateral and multilateral donors.

The records document the initiation, analysis, preparation, and implementation stages of ESMAP projects in the energy subsectors in collaboration with the Bank's regional operational units, UNDP Division for Global and Interregional Projects, UNDP resident representatives, and occasionally the Bank's Industry Department units. Regional units were involved in the design, review, and dissemination of the country assessments and other ESMAP projects. Although a majority of projects are country-specific, a portion of records relate to regional and global projects. The records also provide insight into the program's evolution to meet the complex demands and diversity of the energy sector.

An early focus of ESMAP was household energy and a study series called ESMAP Household Energy Strategy Studies (HESS) was produced. These were country-based strategies to assist governments to improve capacity to transition from traditional to sustainable energy systems for households in urban and rural locations and establish regulatory reforms. Many, but not all, of the studies were conducted in African countries and published as ESMAP papers (ESM and other numbered reports) beginning in the early 1990s. There are also records from the early 1980s to the 1990s that are related to the Biomass Gasifier Monitoring Program.

Other ESMAP project topics and related research include: electricity; rural electrification; petroleum (oil and natural gas) development and conservation; improved stove; kerosene and liquified gas stoves; environment health and safety; power and gas pipelines; gas flaring reduction; greenhouse gas reduction; clean coal; heat supply restructuring and conservation; wind farm development; photovoltaic systems and technology; waste to energy; women in energy; and energy sector reform. Certain ESMAP project files also relate to the industry sector: industrial energy efficiency; industrial energy conservation (including Sri Lanka and Senegal); interfuel substitution and power generation; and energy efficiency in the fertilizer and cement industries (including Syria and Poland).

Record types include: ESMAP task descriptions; drafts and final Activity Initiation Briefs (AIB); AIB background and project proposals; initiating project memoranda; draft contracts; copies of regional unit back-to-office reports (BTORs) of project missions; BTORs of ESMAP assessment missions, project preparation, and follow-up missions; Terms of Reference (TORs); aide-memoires detailing conclusions of missions; final draft (yellow cover) Activity Completion Reports (ACRs) circulated for review and approval; approved draft (green cover) ACRs; project working papers; energy audit reports; consultant reports; agenda and minutes of internal meetings and with government officials and copies of review meetings prepared by regional units; budget sheets; final and draft ESMAP country assessment reports; assessment status reports; UNDP project documents; data tables, i.e. consumption calculations, conversion factors; handwritten notes and data; press clippings; and external reference material such as discussion and conference papers, government and corporate reports, guidelines, legislation, and equipment brochures. The reference materials were created and compiled by staff and consultants when conducting research work for ESMAP projects such as energy assessments, strategy studies, and surveys.

Correspondence consists of memoranda, letters, cables, facsimiles, or All-in-1 hard copy messages between the energy units and regional units or consultants, Bank resident missions, government officials, or UNDP representatives. Topics discussed in the correspondence include requests for ESMAP assistance, resource allocation, collaboration between energy sector units and regional units, sharing project information and updates, reporting on project issues or field investigations, data collection, financing and allocating resources for projects, dissemination of reports, recruitment and reporting of consultants, and other operational and administrative matters. In addition to textual records, there are also an undetermined number of technical drawings, geological and country maps, and computer disks.

ESMAP project records also relate to the organization and delivery of regional and country-based seminars, workshops, and conferences that were often included as a training component in the technical assistance projects as early as 1983. These workshops and similar events evolved into a knowledge dissemination function likely in the late 1990s or early 2000s. The events were organized by EGY and IEN division staff in coordination with regional staff, and often involved the recruitment of external consultants to develop materials or background papers or conduct the learning events. Specific conference or seminar topics include but are not limited to, energy efficiency, energy conservation, energy strategy for rural and low-income urban communities, reducing electric power system losses in Africa, and a global windmill testing program workshop.

Record types found in the seminar and workshop files are similar in content to other ESMAP operational files and include: draft and final AIB for the seminar or workshop; proceedings; speeches and addresses; conference agenda and program description with lists of participants; BTORs; TORs; aide-memoires; draft and final workshop reports; copies of consultant contracts; and evaluation summaries. Correspondence such as incoming and outgoing letters, cables, facsimiles, and hard copy emails between IEN staff, government officials, private sector, and consultants document administrative and financial arrangements, invitations, selection of speakers, participants and consultants, collaboration with Economic Development Institute (EDI), outreach, and event follow up. The correspondence also covers substantive matters such as roundtable discussions, policy, statistical data provided in support of a study or event, and sharing of country sector information.

Less commonly, ESMAP funds were also used for assistance in organizing energy sector donor meetings for specific countries such as Senegal (1985 - 1986); a very small volume of records relate to these meetings and preparations.

A small portion of correspondence and other records maintained in the Non-Regional Information Center (NRIC) indicate the UNDP project identifier number and are nearly all general files related to ESMAP (1981 - 1987) or assessments (1980 - 1986) and Biomass Gasifier Monitoring Program (1983 - 1987) that were financed, or partially financed, by UNDP under ESMAP. Other project files relating to testing and demonstration of solar pumping systems and renewable energy technologies do not always include mention of ESMAP and may be separate projects.

Project lending, cross support records, and Economic and Sector Work (ESW)

Records in the series also reflect EGY, IEN, and successor energy units' support to project identification, preparation, and supervision for investment, structural adjustment, and other development projects that were financed, cofinanced, or managed by the Bank's regional operations units (approximately 1980 - 2010) with reference material dating from the early 1960s. These include completed and dropped projects. Energy sector units aided project preparation by selecting and recruiting consultants and supporting consultant work and reports. They also reviewed operational documents and provided guidance, advice, or analytical tools to regional offices.

Projects involved, but are not limited to, petroleum exploration (both oil and natural gas), hydroelectric power, power distribution and efficiency, gas engineering, gas utilization, and energy sector rehabilitation. Specific projects supported by the COC mining and energy units that represent the more extensive files include: Mining Sector Capacity Building and Environmental Management Project - Burkina Faso P000283; Mine Closure and Social Mitigation Project - Romania P056337; Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources - Nigeria P086716; Mineral Resources Management Capacity Building Project - Mozambique P001808; Energy Conservation Project - China P003606; Coal Sector Rehabilitation Project - India P009979; and Environmental Management Capacity Building Pilot Project of the Hydrocarbon Sector - Bolivia P065902.

Record types include: memoranda sent and received by the energy units discussing project support, progress, or provision of comments on reports; minutes of meetings; notes for files; briefing papers; BTORs; aide-memoires; white cover reportcopies; supervision reports; project performance audit reports; aide-memories resulting from review missions by regional staff and or consultants; consultant proposals; CVs; draft reports, particularly from the gas industry; copies of loan agreements and related documents; and externally produced geological maps.

From time to time, ESMAP externally funded staff would provide cross support to the Bank's country departments on economic and sector work and technical assistance, as well as lending preparation and appraisal, at the financial expense of the country departments. Cross support records are also reflected in this series and include: ESMAP and consultant feasibility reports and studies; BTORs; curriculum vitaes of consultants; letters and facsimiles and other correspondence (between IEN, consultant, government officials) concerning progress on reports, project status and country energy situation, procurement matters; and internal memoranda or All-in-1 hard copy messages between IEN and regional units.

Series also contains records created and compiled by EGY and successor unit staff to produce the ESW analytical reports that helped direct development programs and project lending. Records span the period from approximately 1978 to 1996 and include: surveys; survey result reports; draft and final study reports, including World Bank Study of multiple country energy topics; working papers; TORs; Board documents; proposals; internal memoranda between IEN divisions and regional units; letters to and from external parties regarding collaboration on studies; statements and speeches of IEN director or Bank Group senior management; and background documents including external reports, national energy legislation, and supporting data such as pricing figures. Numerous files (for which approximate dates follow), relate to reviews of Bank lending for natural gas (approximately 1983 - 1992), petroleum, oil and gas contracts, privatization and other issues (1978 - 1991), Indonesia gas development planning (1988 - 1993), electricity (1989 - 1993), various environment matters (1988 - 1993), ESMAP, and files by country or region.

General country and topical files

General country and topical files in the series (1980s - 2005) are labeled as such and include a mix of reports, correspondence, and other records related to both ESMAP and Bank lending activities in oil, gas, and mining as well as country studies and reports in these sectors. A portion of the mining files titled "development activities" are organized by country. These records describe the status of mining projects, investments, and development activities, as well as discuss government policy in member countries and minerals and mining issues including conflict diamonds and coal. Other country and subject files (1992 - 2004), although fragmentary, contain mostly hard copy emails and related records maintained by Craig B. Andrews (Industry and Mining Division, IENIM) and Jeffrey Davidson (Policy Division, Industry and Mining (CMNPO), later the Policy Division, Oil, Gas and Mining (COCPO). These files relate to operational and project support of IFC/Bank projects in oil and gas and mining and mining activities in Nicaragua, Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Madagascar.

A set of IEN subject files (1987 - 1998) shared by the Power Development, Efficiency and Household Fuels Division (IENPD), Oil and Gas Division (IENOG) broadly cover project management and program support topics. The files were further classified into Country Area Programs (CAP) and Management or Program Support (MPS). There appears to be some overlap between the two. Many of the files relate to ESMAP projects including proposals, assessments, recruitment and reporting of consultants, and arrangement and delivery of ESMAP workshops. Other management or program support files relate to organization and delivery of Energy Week program, global themes such as energy efficiency and renewable energy, clean coal case studies, and country-level activities. Specific record types include many of those mentioned in the above sections.

This series mainly contains records that were created and/or maintained by John M. Kalbermatten between the 1970s and 1980 while working as an adviser and then a consultant in both urban and rural water supply initiatives in various iterations of the water sector departments (i.e., Public Utilities Department-PBP; Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Department Office of the Director-EWTDR; Transportation, Water, and Telecommunications Water and Wastes Advisory Staff-TWTWW).

Kalbermatten contributed to World Bank policies and training on water supply and rural development, as well as research on appropriate water supply and sanitation technology. This series also contains records authored by other individuals, primarily by Yves Rovani (1972 - 1980: director, Public Utilities Projects Department-PBP; director, Energy, Water & Telecommunications Department-EWT) and Richard Middleton (1972 - 1978: sanitary engineer, Public Utilities Division-WAPPB; sanitary engineer, Public Utilities Division Office of theDirector-PBPDR; senior sanitary engineer, Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Office of the Director-EWTDR).

Records contain information relating to a panel on Measuring the Health Benefits of Investments in Water Supply; PBP project monitoring; 1970s work programs; annual staff training course on water supply; research on appropriate technology for water supply and waste disposal in low-income countries; case study reports on residential demand for water and sewerage service in countries in Africa; cooperation with external organizations (e.g., WHO and UNDP); and many more.

Record types include but are not limited to office memoranda, correspondence, articles and discussion papers, journals, training course documents, programs, questionnaires, and case study reports.

Series consists of reference materials created or received by the Water Supply and Urban Development Department (WUD) and, more specifically, the Water Supply and Urban Development Department Operations Support and Research Unit (WUDOR).

The majority of the records within this series are published and unpublished research and discussion papers created by the WUDOR, World Bank regional offices, other World Bank departments, and external authors. External authors include consultants, academics, NGOs, and other multilaterals, such as United Nations Center for Human Settlements (HABITAT), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Topics of these papers relate to urban-rural relations, urban development strategy implementation, housing and shelter, municipal finances, spatial policy, urbanization, urban infrastructure, rent controls, electricity and energy pricing, participant/observer project evaluation, structural adjustment, urban transport, project budget management, and urban population. Records include background and theoretical papers as well as papers specific to individual countries and regions; all regions are represented, although African countries are most common. A small percentage of records relate to topics that are not directly related to the urban development sector, such as agriculture, healthcare, education, rural development, and water.

Series also includes a small amount of records created and used during the research and writing of World Bank-authored papers, including memoranda, back-to-office reports and consultant terms of reference.

Other types of papers included in the series include small numbers of regional strategy papers, project proposals and summaries, loan committee reviews, country and project appraisal reports, mission notes, policy papers, research and discussion paper drafts, project case studies, research proposals, program statistical data, Country Economic Memoranda, sector reports, conference papers, regional status reports, project monitoring reports and guidelines, and WUD annual reports for 1984 and 1986.

This series is composed of letters and memoranda drafted for McNamara by the Department of Information and Public Affairs (IPA) between January 1969 and July 1981. Letters consist of thank-you notes, mostly regrets, for invitations to participate or speak at meetings or luncheons, deliver interviews and appear on television, thanks for gifts, books, articles, comments, views, support, staff work, and responses to requests for material, statements and articles.

The addressees are private citizens, scholars, journalists, heads of organizations and congregations, diplomats, and government officials. Thank-you letters range from a note to President Leopold Sedar Senghor thanking him for a volume of poetry, to letters to the U.S. President, senators and congressmen thanking them for assuring the passage of foreign assistance legislation. Responses to inquiries include a letter informing President Sekou Toure of the progress of the Konkoure project, a letter attempting to answer William Safire's etymological inquiry about the phrase bargaining chip, and notes declining requests for comments on defense policy and the Vietnam War.

The series consists of the travel briefing files of three staff assistants for three trips during the McNamara Presidency. The first are the files of Sven Burmester, Special Assistant to the President, for the Middle East trip (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates) of March 5-16, 1975. The second are the files of Caio Koch-Weser, Personal Assistant to the President, for the West Africa trip (Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Guinea, The Gambia, and Senegal) of November 1-15, 1977. The last are the files of Oliver Lafourcade, Personal Assistant to the President, for the trip to India and Pakistan, March 28-April 1, 1981. All of these trips also have briefing files in the President's travel briefs series.

The President's Personnel Committee was established by President McNamara on 9 August 1979 together with the Finance Committee. Both Committees operated as sub-committees of the President's Council. The purpose of the Personnel Committee was to deal with such issues as staff compensation and benefits, staff development, recruitment, management and manpower planning, Staff Association relationships and senior level appointments and transfers. The membership consisted of the President as chair, the SeniorVice President, the Vice President for Administration who served as vice chair, the Vice President for Operations, the Vice President for Finance, and one rotating member.

The series contains the minutes of the Committee as well as discussion papers distributed to the members of the Committee.

This series contains letters and copies of letters addressed to President McNamara by heads of States, international organizations and regional development banks, government officials, U.S. Senators and Congressmen, economists and lawyers. It also contains internal memoranda addressed to the President by the Executive Directors or the staff. Incoming letters and memoranda are often annotated or accompanied by notes by McNamara or minutes of his responses. Although generally incoming items, the series also contains a small quantity of outgoing letters and memoranda. Correspondents include heads of State Indira Gandhi, Yahya Khan, and Gamel Abdel Nasser; U.S. Treasury Secretaries Henry Fowler, John Connally, William Simon, W. Michael Blumenthal and G. William Miller; UN Secretary Generals U Thant and Kurt Waldheim; various directors of WHO, FAO, the UN Environment Programme and World Food Council; and public figures such as Barbara Ward. The correspondence deals with the general issue of development, development programs of other agencies, relations with the U.S. government and Congress, and governments of other member countries, in particular India and Pakistan. The internal memoranda addressed to the President mostly concern the IDA replenishments and the situation in India and Pakistan, but there are also some exchanges on joint financing, World Bank borrowing, relations with OPEC countries, energy, the World Development Report of 1978, and a number of memoranda regarding the U.S. Congress' committee investigation on the Bank's effectiveness in reaching the poor (1977). McNamara's minutes and notes include his letter to Lester B. Pearson asking him to organize a committee to study development in the next decade (1968); letters to various U.S. Treasury Secretaries and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on the IDA replenishments and the Foreign Assistance Appropriation Bill, the Bank and the OPEC countries; memoranda of conversations with Executive Directors and notes on the IDA, the India-Pakistan war, and Bangladesh; and an annotated draft of the World Development Program proposal (1977). The series also includes two photographs of Robert McNamara with U.S. President Richard Nixon in the White House at the signing ceremony on 10 March 1972 of the bill authorizing the United States' contribution to International Development Association (IDA).

This series includes records related to Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS). The LSMS was first launched by the Development Research Center (DRC) in 1980. Included in this series are records relating to the LSMS from the DRC as well as those units subsequently responsible for the Survey through 1992. These include: the Development Research Department Living Standards Measurement Unit (DRDLS), 1983 to 1987; the Population and Human Resources Welfare and Human Resources Development Division (PHRWH), 1987 to 1992; and the Population and Human Resources Poverty Analysis and Policy Division (PHRPA), February 1992 to December 1992.

The series includes research files maintained for each country. These records include: background papers, articles, and reports produced by the Bank and outside sources; research proposals; LSMS questionnaires; household and life expectancy raw statistical data sheets; handwritten notes; memoranda and correspondence regarding progress, procedures, and changes in LSMS surveys; back-to office reports; terms of reference; travel expense reports; and budget records. The series consist of additional LSMS research files referred to as World Bank Research Program (RPO) files. These records include research projects related to topics such as education, health care, nutrition, household data, living standards, welfare, and labor. Each RPO project generally includes the following records: correspondence and memoranda regarding project planning, progression, recruitment, and changes; mission reports; back-to-office reports; drafts, revisions, and final project proposals; travel expenses; terms-of-reference; notes; background papers; RPO status reports; administrative expense reports; consultant background and CV records; appointment letters; and Project Completion Reports (PCRs). The research files cover the years 1978 to 1992.

This series also consists of records related to the Working Papers Numbered Series in support of the LSMS surveys from 1980 to 1992. The records include drafts; original copies; published copies; cover negatives; and handwritten notes for LSMS Working Papers 1-59. The Working Papers were used in the preparation of the following World Bank publication: Living standards measurement study: abstracts of working papers.

The series additionally contains records related to the Bank's collaboration with the UN National Household Survey Capability Program (NHSCP), and the UN Statistical Office (UNSO) from 1978 to 1988. The statistical data produced by the LSMS surveys were shared and disseminated to cooperating units through prepared papers and reports, collaborative working groups, and meetings. The records in this series include correspondence from World Bank officials within DRC, DRDLS, and PHRWH to NHSCP and UNSO. The bulk of records contain correspondence and LSMS background reports from DRDLS Head Dennis N. de Tray and DRDLS associate Jacques van der Gaag sent to NHSCP and UNSO officials. Post 1987 records include correspondence from PHRWH Chief Jacques van der Gaag Population and Human Resources (PHR) Director Ann Hamilton sent to NHSCHP and UNSO officials. Also included are records from the UN Statistical Commission Meeting on LSMS held in New York City from February 28 to March 1, 1985. The records from this meeting include: memoranda and correspondence regarding preparation and reporting on the meeting; agenda and meeting minutes from the meeting; back-to-office reports; handwritten notes; LSMS statistical reports and papers prepared by the World Bank for the meeting; and statistical reports prepared by UN units.

This series includes numerous subject files of WID Advisers Gloria Scott and Barbara Herz, related to the various activities and responsibilities of the WID Adviser position. The subject files consist of correspondence and memoranda focused on a specific topic. The records include some of the following subject files: responses to external request for information; records detailing WID functions and activities; background information on WID policies, sector studies, and case materials; WID project efforts in West Africa; staffing of WID; press releases related to WID; revisions to a WID "Q and A" booklet; briefing books for the WID Adviser; workshop papers and training manuals; back-to-office reports on mission projects from 1985 to 1987; World Bank Projects and Women Report, 1979; proposed WID work program from 1984 to 1987; budgets for WID work program from 1984 to 1985; reference file on Economic Development Institute (EDI) activities; status of WID work in the World Bank; and planning of sector strategy papers.

The series also consists of correspondence and memoranda records related to departmental planning and strategy of Operations Policy Staff (OPS), Projects Policy Department (PPD), and the Operational Vice Presidents (OVP). This includes correspondence and memoranda between the WID Adviser and head officials in OPS, PPD, and OVP.

The series also includes correspondence and memoranda records regarding preparation of a World Bank statement and WID paper by WID Adviser Gloria Scott to be presented to U.S. Senator Charles Percy and his Foreign Relations Committee in 1984.

The series additionally contains a correspondence file documenting WID Adviser Gloria Scott's involvement with the Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund, a program run by the World Bank Volunteer Services, which assists female students from developing countries with financial aid for their studies in the United States.

The series also consists of correspondence, recipient lists, and final drafts related to Gloria Scott's publication: "Recognizing the 'Invisible' Woman in Development: The World Bank's Experience" from 1979 to 1980.

This series also includes country strategy papers. The country strategies papers were proposed by Barbara Herz in late 1985 as part of larger framework to put WID policies and studies to action in World Bank operational development projects. The country strategies papers included a detailed country-focused assessment of women's issues, and an action plan to address these issues. The records include: correspondence; memoranda; proposals; budget records; studies; and terms of reference regarding a planned country strategy papers for the countries of Kenya and Indonesia. A portion of the country strategies correspondence and memoranda are between WID Adviser Barbara Herz and Senior Vice President of Operations Ernest Stern. Records related to recruitment of consultants, development of an East Asia task force, and task charts prepared by WID task managers are also included.

Lastly, the series consists of records related to the Safe Motherhood Initiative. The Safe Motherhood Initiative was a multi-agency international initiative focused on maternal health and family planning issues of women. The World Bank sponsored the initiative, and the WID Adviser and the Population, Health, and Nutrition Department (PHN) helped plan and organize. The Safe Motherhood Initiative was launched in February 1987 at a conference held in Nairobi Kenya. The records from the Initiative in this series pre-date the conference from 1985 to 1986when Barbara Herz served as WID Adviser. The records consist of: correspondence; memoranda; terms of reference; outline work plans; outline plans for a senior technical conference; and consultant recruiting records related to the Initiative. Some of the correspondence is between the WID Adviser Barbara Herz and medical professionals at the Center for Population and Family Health and the Women in Development Office of the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) regarding funding to develop a concept paper for the Initiative. Correspondence and memoranda between Herz and the Projects Policy Department (PPD) Director and other staff are also included. The Initiative records also contain reference material including reports, studies, and articles produced by the Bank and external agencies, which are related to maternal health.

Series consists of records related to ESSD's role in providing management, oversight, and resource allocation for those trust funds that involve ESSD sectors. Records relating to trust funds provided by Denmark (TF024153), Norway (TF0231295), and Italy (TF023333) are the most numerous. Records related to Denmark are dated from 1996-1997 and 2000 and include: proposals; trust fund agreements; budget requests; initiating briefs; and correspondence between ESD and Danish government ministers. Records from 2000 relate to a proposal for a possible second phase of the Danish ESSD Trust Fund. These records include a proposal by SDV to the Government of Denmark as well as debriefing and consultation notes and a copy of Denmark's Development Policy (2000). Records related to Italy include correspondence between Bank officials (including the Bank President and ESSD Vice President) and Italian officials including their American Ambassador. Also included is background material on the Trust Fund for Culture and Sustainable Development for which Italy provided funding. Records related to Norway include funding proposals by SDV as well as other Bank units external to ESSD. Also included are records relating to the Norwegian Trust Fund for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (NTF-ESSD). These records include: status reports; reports; meetings notes; and background information on the Bank-Netherlands Partnership Program related to Water Resources Management. A small amount of correspondence from 1999 related to a proposed Social Development Trust Fund funded by Japan is also included.

Records relating to funds managed or overseen by ESSDVP are also included. Records related to the launch and subsequent Donor Councils of the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund are included; correspondence related to this Fund is also included. In addition, the series also contains correspondence files for the Prototype Carbon Fund.

A variety of records related to the general management of ESSD-related trust funds is also included. These include: records related to fund allocation and transfer; a list of task managers and division chiefs for specific, ESSD-related trust fund projects; and notes, slides and announcement emails for a Trust Fund Awareness Training program organized by the ESSDVP.

This series is comprised of Moeen Qureshi's set of minutes, postscripts, and memoranda relating to meetings of the Operations Committee during the period when Qureshi was Senior Vice President, Operations, and chairman of the Operations Committee. The contents of the files for the meetings vary somewhat but may contain the Country Strategy Paper, Initiating Memorandum, or report that was discussed at the meeting; the minutes of the meeting and/or the related Postscript; and memoranda from other members of the Operations Committee, members of the Operations staff, regional directors, or members of the Economic Advisory Staff. The files include Qureshi's handwritten annotations and notes and copies of his formal comments.

Electrostatic copies of typewritten accounts by Louise Woods of official and personal trips. The files on some of the official trips can be found in the records of George D. Woods. The descriptions are exclusively of social events, such as dinners, receptions, shopping trips, and sightseeing. Some descriptions illuminate the personalities of persons who accompanied the Woods on the trips or were met by them.

This small series consists of the subject files of the fishery program. The records include memoranda, correspondence, mission reports and reports of meetings, policy papers, and drafts of papers. The files seem to have been created during the period when an aquaculture study was undertaken by the Bank. The file Banque Mondial includes the terms of reference for an aquaculture study and notes and reports of meetings on fisheries.

Most of the files relate to meetings, a few within the Bank but mostly international meetings, and information about fisheries studies undertaken by other organizations. Some files relate to a World Bank mission to Chile, Peru, and Ecuador to study international fisheries research, including background information and mission reports. A file on the advisory committee for a study of international fisheries research, undertaken by the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations Development Program, and the Commission of European Communities, includes notes on the issues raised in the committee.

The records provide an overview of international cooperation on fisheries research at the beginning of the 1990s. Although small, these files provide useful explanatory material on the setting of international priorities on fisheries research.

The series consists of records created by the Agriculture and Rural Development Department (AGR) and its subordinate divisions and units for the years 1978 to 1987. The series also includes records for AGR's successor, the Agriculture, Technology and Natural Resources Department (AGR) for years 1992 and 1995.

The records of AGR from 1978 to 1987 are similar to those of its successor. The records consist almost exclusively of correspondence. A significant amount of the records relates to Bank projects andthe Department's role in their design, preparation, support, and evaluation. Also included are records related to the writing and analysis of technical, research, and issues papers as well as country and sector policy papers by Department staff and Bank staff external to AGR. In some cases, a draft of the paper is included. Records in this series also relate to: budget and work planning; administration; conference and workshop planning and attendance; information exchange (primarily within the Bank); communications and liaison; grant and trust fund negotiation and allocation; CGIAR-related activities; staff missions (often in the form of Terms of Reference and back-to-office reports); and donor meetings.

As noted above (2.3 Archival history), it is likely that the records classification and file titling of the files in this series was done by IISC staff once individual pieces of correspondence were sent to the IISC for filing. Some of the records (approximately one third) were provided with subject- or function-based classification; these files are from May 1992, to July 1993, and are generally very small and in many instances contain only one or two pieces of correspondence. However, the subjects of the records they contain are indistinguishable from the rest of the files in this series which were titled 'Chronological file' and are considerably larger. The files titled 'Chronological file' are from May 1993 to December 1995.

This series contains documentation regarding the drafting and publication of booklets aimed at explaining the evaluation function in the World Bank to non-Bank audiences. The early editions of this booklet were titled Operation Evaluation: World Bank Standards and Procedures. By 1993, the title had changed to Assessing Development Effectiveness: Evaluation in the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation.

The sub-series contains records documenting the drafting and publication of the booklets. Included are: intra-OED correspondence; multiple drafts of the booklets; comments on the drafts; and agenda, minutes, and summaries of meetings of the Joint Audit Committee and of the Board of Executive Directors at which drafts were discussed. The sub-series also contains draft and/or published copies (in English and French) of various booklet editions (1976, 1979, 1984 [draft only], 1993).

Series consists of files of both the Director-General, Operations Evaluation (DGO), and the Director, Operations Evaluation Department (OEDDR). The records document OEDDR and DGO interaction with: staff in other parts of the Bank; U.S. officials in the General Accounting Office, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the Department of the Treasury who were interested in the evaluation function within the Bank; and officials in industrialized nations, NGOs, and international aid organizations who were responsible for, or interested in, monitoring and evaluation processes.

The series consists of records related to the project monitoring and evaluation function of the Operations Evaluation Department (OED). The majority of the records in the series are final audit reports for individual, Bank-sponsored projects and records related to the creation of those reports. Reports date from the beginning of OED and its project evaluation activities in 1973. OED-authored reports include Project Performance Audit Reports (PPARs) and Performance Audit Reports (PARs). Reports completed byoperating departments and submitted to the OED include Project Completion Reports (PCRs), Project Completion Notes (PCNs), Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs), and Implementation Completion Notes (ICNs). The PCRs can be characterized as either reports that required and received an audit by the OED or as pass through PCRs which OED division chiefs determined did not require an audit. In the case of the latter, Notes of Record are sometimes included to explain why an audit was not required. The series also consists of background materials and working files created or collected during the preparation of audit reports. These records include: correspondence; memoranda; staff appraisal reports; reports and recommendations sent to the Executive Directors for approval of the loans or credits; loan or credit agreements that were executed; annotated audit drafts; project progress reports; and field notes. In some cases, working files related to audits and report preparation are those accumulated by specific evaluation officers in OED.

The types of records that accompany the final evaluation reports vary, as procedural requirements changed over the years. OED evaluating officers created files for all completion reports and audit reports for which they were assigned responsibility. Most of the pre-1982 working files containing PCRs and PPARs reflect procedures put in place by the Bank between 1973 and 1979. The time frame for completion of PCRs after final disbursements of loans / credits varied as did the extent ofthe involvement of operating departments and clients in their preparation. In the mid-1970s, the PCR was to be prepared within six months of final disbursement by the Bank's Regional Vice-Presidency of the country in which the project took place. Information for the PCR was gathered from project files, supervision reports, and discussions in the field between Bank and Government officials associated with the project. However, before 1976 the majority of the PPARs prepared by OED evaluating officers were for projects for which no PCR had been prepared.

In 1976, procedural changes required all PCRs to be sent through the Director-General, Operations Evaluation (DGO), without OED comment to the Executive Board along with the PPAR. In addition to the PCR, the PPAR working files from 1976 onward include: the Terms of Reference for the OED audit mission; the Back-to-Office Report from the mission; PPAR drafts; comments on the drafts from Bank officials in the Region, Government officials and representatives of businesses or institutions involved in the project; and copies of transmittal letters accompanying the PPAR. Loan or Credit Agreements, Staff Appraisal Reports, and Reports and Recommendations by the Bank President for loans and credits, most of which are of earlier date than the other records in the file, are included in some PCR and PPAR files. By the end of 1979, OED conducted abbreviated audit reviews for about half of the PCRs it received. The working files for these passed-through PCRs usually contain: a memorandum addressed to the Regional Vice President indicating that based on the OED review of the PCR an audit would not be performed; comments on the PCR; a final draft of the PCR sent for printing by OED; a copy of the printed PCR forwarded to the Executive Board; and copies of the transmittal letters used in the OED distribution of the printed PCR.

At the beginning of fiscal year 1983, a new system of selective project performance auditing was introduced which required that 40 to 50 percent of projects be audited. PCRs were selected for audit according to whether they were for: large, complex, or innovative projects; projects an Executive Director proposed for performance audit; projects with high lending priority; projects which were first in a given sector / sub-sector for a country or last in a series; or a series of projects subject to a combined audit. OED division chiefs were given responsibility for determining the projects to be audited and for making decisions on pass-through PCRs. Some files for projects which OED did not audit contain: a Summary Note explaining the reasons for the pass-through decision and evaluating the quality of the PCR; a copy of the draft PCR; comments regarding the draft PCR from the client country; a Pass-Through PCR Unit Cost Sheet tracking OED staff time allocated to the project; memoranda and letters transmitting a final copy of the PCR to the Executive Directors, the Bank President, and officials of the client country; and a final copy of the PCR. Found in other working files for post-fiscal year 1983 is the Note of Record, which was prepared by the OED evaluating officer after review of the PCR with the division chief. It contained the reasons for the pass-through decision. The Note of Record assessed the project as described in the PCR in terms of its objectives, scope, implementation, costs, and sustainability. It was distributed only to the Director of OED (OEDDR), the OED Library, the working file, and the OED annual review coordinator. Also found in some workingfiles with the Note of Record is the Project Information Form (PIF) used to input data about the project into OED's database for use in annual reviews and studies. Results for all PCRs were reported to the Executive Board.

New guidelines for completing PCRs were put into place effective July 1, 1989. Most of the PCRs in the OED working files after this date have a different format from earlier prepared PCRs. Parts I and II of the report were prepared by the Regional Office and Part III was completed by the client. Some working files include Project Completion Notes (PCNs) which were prepared in lieu of PCRs for projects for which: the loan was never signed by the client; the Bank withdrew the loan; disbursement was very fast or ahead of schedule; no PCR was ever completed; or for which there were no implementation issues. The decision to create the PCN was based on a review of the Staff Appraisal Report prepared before the loan or credit was granted, internal Bank memoranda, minutes of Board discussions, supervision reports, and interviews with staff. The PPAR was carried out on the basis of the recommendation for audit made by OED at the time of review of the PCR. The contents of the PPAR working file remained largely unchanged from earlier periods but some PPARS for cluster audits (i.e. audits of multiple projects) were included.

By 1994, operations staff (also called Regional staff) evaluated all completed operations for which they were responsible and OED audited a representative sample of completed operations. For last supervision missions departing after July 1, 1994, Regional staff was required to prepare an Implementation Completion Report (ICR) or Implementation Completion Note (ICN) similar to the earlier PCN. Issues encountered during implementation, achievements, and the economic rate of return, were among the factors covered in the ICR. Contributions from client agencies (whole reports or comments) were attached to the ICR. Co-financiers were invited to participate in evaluations in which they provided funding. All ICRs were to be completed within six months of the final loan / credit disbursement. By 1997, about 25 percent of completed projects were audited by OED. Like the earlier PPARs, Project Audit Reports (PARs) were field-based and incorporated the views of client countries and major stakeholders. Projects were subject to audit if they were: large and complex; innovative or had unusual features; controversial, with issues unresolved during the ICR evaluation; first in a series or expected to offer especially strong lessons; suitable to be analyzed together with similar projects; useful for providing building blocks for sector or country evaluation study; or requested by Executive Directors.

The ICR, PCR, PCN, and ICN working files for the mid-1990s and later generally contain the printed report, a PIF and control sheet, drafts of the DGO's evaluative memorandum regarding the report or note, a copy of a memorandum from OEDDR transmitting the draft evaluative memorandum to the relevant Country Director, and comments from the Bank's Regional staff on the draft. Some files contain the OED-ICR-Review-Evaluation Summary which recommended for or against an audit of the project. Projects were evaluated for outcome, sustainability, institution development, Bank performance, and client country performance based on information in the ICR and PIF. Correspondence with Regional and other Bank staff and with officials in client countries regarding their comments on the draft report can also be found in the files. Some files contain copies of intra-OED electronic messages commenting on the draft evaluative summary and on the review process. A few of the files contain background documents records such as Staff Appraisal Reports (as was the case for PCR files for earlier periods).

In addition to draft and final copies of the reports, the PAR files for this period typically include: Initiating Memoranda; Terms of Reference (TOR) addressed to OED evaluators designated to travel to the field to conduct the audit; letters to Government officials and others related to the project announcing the mission to develop the report; Back-to-Office Reports from the audit mission; and comments on the draft audit report. Comments from the OED audit panel and an Audit Panel Review form can be found in some files along with drafts of the DGO's evaluative memorandum, a PIF and cover sheet, and copies of letters transmitting the final printed copy of the PAR to officials in the client country. Some of the PAR files contain copies of related background materials such as the Staff Appraisal Report and the Loan Agreement.

The review and audit activities of regional operations and the OED were conducted for the projects of all sectors. These include:

*Education- Primary; secondary; tertiary; vocational; technical

• Health and nutrition Specific disease and HIV/AIDS prevention and management; population projects

• Water Sewarage and drainage; sanitation; water supply; water pollution control; flood control

• Agriculture Commodity production; livestock development; fisheries development; research; support services; marketing

• Human resources Extension and training; social sector management; science and technology

• Rural development Rural roads; rural electrification

• Urban development Urban engineering; air pollution; urban management

• Telecommunications General sector

• Energy and power Power generation; refinery engineering; energy efficiency; oil field development; gas transport and distribution; oil, thermal, and gas exploration and development; pipeline rehabilitation

• Transport Navigation; railways; highways; rural roads; aviation; ports

• Finance and trade Private sector finance projects; financial rehabilitation projects; economic management and public enterprise; technology development projects; small and medium enterprise projects; development banks; export development; shipping; imports program; debt and debt service

• Industry Foundry modernization; small-scale industry; fertilizer production; mining and other extractive sector projects; pulp and paper engineering; public enterprise assistance; natural resource management; forestry; off-shore development

• Infrastructure Housing; construction projects

• Reconstruction and emergency Earthquake and flood recovery; drought relief

• Tourism General sector

• Structural adjustment Public sector reform loans; adjustment loans and credits; trade policy adjustment

• Client capacity building Technical assistance loans; central government administration projects; planning support

Evaluations of non-sector and multi-sector projects are also included.

The series also consists of evaluative reports and related materials created by OED staff that are not PARs or PPARs and are not related specifically to individual projects. These include: staff appraisal reports initially developed for the projects; reports and recommendations sent to the Executive Directors for approval of the loans or credits; materials related to a study by Carl Jayarajah entitled Overview Study: World Bank Support for Small and Medium Industry; a draft of correspondence related to a proposed Review of Lessons Learned in Railway Projects (RLLRP) for the OED Lessons & Practices publication; an approach paper, drafts, and background materials for Review of the World Bank Experience with Electric Power Generating Facilities (1985); a draft study outline, Terms of Reference, and supporting materials for the 1987 - 1989 study Columbia: An Evaluation of Bank Lending to the Colombia Power Sector between 1970 and 1986 along with the March 1991 final study report; the approach paper and draft of the 1988 - 1989 country case study World Bank Support for Rural Roads Maintenance - Philippine Case Study; a draft of Senior Evaluator Jan de Weille's March 1992 report Annual Review, Project Performance Results for 1991 - Transport; the approach paper and drafts of the June 30, 1994, grey cover sector review (Report 13291) Rural Electrification in Asia: A Review of Bank Experience; records related to a study of the Bank's involvement in Mexico's power sector over four decades; background materials for Study of Adjustment Lending in Sub-Saharan Africa (Oct. 1996 - July 1997) including an approach paper, preliminary draft, draft speech prepared for the Director-General, Operations Evaluation, and copies of related reports; the report Case Study of World Bank Activities in the Health Sector in Mali accompanied by a memorandum from OEDST inviting the DGO and other OED personnel to a meeting review regarding the study; working files of evaluator Basil Coukis which include annotated copies of PCRs and PPARs as well as background materials such as loan guarantee agreements, staff appraisal reports developed for loan or credit applications, progress reports, background correspondence, and field notes used in the preparation of evaluations; and two reports concerning trade policy reform for Mexico, Mexico: Trade Policy Reform, World Bank's Support for Trade Liberalization Program by Yalcin M. Baran (Sept. 15, 1989) and Overview Study: World Support for Small and Medium Industry issued by the Projects Department of Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office (June 24, 1986). Finally, the series consists of records related to the OED's problematic review of the Thirteenth Indian Railway Project (Credit 582-IN). The files contain the April 1979 PCR, various versions (dating from 1981 to 1986) of the PPAR, and correspondence regarding the project. The first and the subsequent draft PPARs for this project were controversial and found to be inadequate for various reasons. The controversy led President Clausen to appoint a special audit team for the Railway Project and to request a reevaluation of OED internal procedures. Materials related to the subsequent review as well as to the OED evaluation are included; the latter includes: intra-OED correspondence; correspondence with Transportation Department staff, the South Asia Regional Office, and Indian government officials; and minutes of a Joint Audit Committee meeting and Executive Directors' meeting.

The series primarily consists of Impact Evaluation Reports (IERs) and the working files produced during the creation of those reports. The series also consists of a number of special studies produced by the OED. IERs assess the performance of operations at full development, some five to ten years after the close of disbursements on the Bank's loan. The evaluations are selective; only a small percentage of projects undergo an impact evaluation. These evaluations provide a second look at a project by analyzing the long-term effects - intended or unintended - on people, institutions, and the physical environment. The evaluations assess projects against the goals that were stated at appraisal and also against a broad set of criteria that relate to social dynamics, income distributions, effects on women and families, institutional development, sustainability, and the environment. This series consists of IERs from the very beginning of their production in 1979 and through into the 1990s.

The content of the files for impact evaluations varies somewhat but the more complete files contain: copies of the Completion Reports, Audit Reports, and other OED-generated records relating to the project; non-Bank background reports and publications relating to the project; Terms of Reference for the OED staff members and/or consultants assigned to evaluation; drafts of the Approach Paper and Study Design Paper; memoranda and correspondence regarding the team's travel plans if a mission was required; a Back-to-Office Report regarding the mission; intra-OED correspondence regarding the format for the evaluation; various drafts of the evaluation; comments on the drafts from OED and Regional staff, officials in the client country, and representatives from other aid/lending organizations; drafts of comments by the Director-General, Operations, (DGO) to the Committee on Development Effectiveness (CODE) or its predecessor, the Joint Audit Committee (JAC) regarding evaluations; minutes of CODE or JAC meetings at which the evaluation was discussed; drafts of the DGO's transmittal memorandum to the Executive Directors and the President; and summaries of the Executive Directors' discussion of the evaluation and copies of the Board chairman's published comments. Many of the impact evaluations relied on field surveys to gather opinions of stakeholders. The raw survey data is not included in an evaluation file, but sample survey questionnaires and data derived from the surveys may be in the file.

The series contains the first IER produced by theOED, referred to as a Project Impact Evaluation Report (PIER). The report was for the Mexico Third Irrigation Project (1978 - 1979) which focused on irrigation rehabilitation programs in irrigation districts Nos. 17 (Region Lagunera) and 23 (San Juan del Ro). The evaluation was undertaken by Chief Evaluation Officer John Malone about five years after the performance audit was conducted for the project. Other early impact evaluation reports in this series are for: Kenya's First Smallholder Agricultural Credit Program (1980); the Kenya First Livestock Development Project (1981); the Roseires Irrigation Project in the Sudan (1980); the Burundi-First Arabica Coffee Improvement Project (1980); the Malaysian Muda and Kemubu Irrigation Projects (1981); the Atlantico Irrigation Project in Colombia (1982); and the San Lorenzo Irrigation and Land Settlement Projects in Peru (1982). In addition, records related to an IER conducted jointly with the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) and the Central Bank of the Philippines on the Philippines Second Rural Credit Project are included. The report was issued in 1983 after an extensive evaluation that involved a survey of beneficiaries in different regions. Also issued in 1983 was an IER for the Indonesia Irrigation Rehabilitation Project.

The series contains many other IERs and IER working files produced through the mid to late 1980s and 1990s. Agriculture, urban, education, transport, industry and transmigration projects are represented. Of note, one IER covers three income generating projects for refugees in Pakistan for which the Bank acted as executive agency on behalf of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Also contained are background materials on Indonesia that OED's Agriculture and Human Development Division (OEDD1) gathered from a wide variety of sources in preparation for a 1993 impact evaluation covering loans for three transmigration projects in Indonesia. The files include the Project Completion Reports for two of the loans (Transmigration II [L1707] and III [L 2248]) and Terms of Reference for the impact evaluation but no other documents regarding the impact evaluation.

The series also includes a number of special process and thematic studies. Reports and related working papers include: a 1987 and 1988 OED special study entitled Management of Renewable Resources in Agricultural Operations; two transport sector evaluation studies entitled The Transport Sector in Mexico: An Evaluation (1998) and Transport in China: An Evaluation of Bank Assistance (1999); a copy of a 1998 paper (The Industrial Organization of Corruption: Why Corruption Hurts More in Africa than in Asia) prepared by Sector and Thematic Evaluation Division (OEDST) staff members Antti Talvitie and Binyam Reja, based on their participation in an OED evaluation of five transport projects in Indonesia; background records for a 1996 Infrastructure and Energy Division (OEDD3) process study, Effectiveness of Environmental Assessments and National Environmental Action Plans (EA/NEAP Study), which evaluated the Bank's use of project-level environmental assessments (EAs) and highlighted the differences between countries that had an approved National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) and those that did not; working files for the 1995 Country Policy, Industry and Finance Division (OEDD2) study The Social Impact of Adjustment Operations: An Overview; and special impact evaluation studies covering a range of agriculture topics, including Harvesting the Waters (1980s), The World Bank and Structural Adjustment in Agriculture; Reforming Agriculture: The World Bank Goes to Market, Irrigation O & M [Operation and Maintenance] and System Performance in Southeast Asia (1996), Natural Resource Management in Bolivia: 30 Years of Experience (1993), and Dynamics of Rural Development in Northeast Brazil: New Lessons from Old Project (1991), as well as one file for a special process study entitled Monitoring and Evaluation Plans in Staff Appraisal Reports Issued in Fiscal Year 1995.

Also in this series are correspondence, reports, and publications that evaluator Christian Polti gathered while OEDD1 was working on two impact evaluation studies. The first study deals with the World Bank's experience with irrigation development and examined irrigation projects in Morocco, Mexico, the Philippines, and Thailand. The second study deals with cotton development programs in Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Togo.

Series consists of records related to the research activities and development of policies and guidelines created and maintained by Social Development Department (SDV) units and by the Bank's sociologists prior to SDV's formation. Most of the research comprised in this series was undertaken by Rural Sociological Adviser Michael Cernea, Anthropologist Scott Guggenheim and others in the 1990s. A large volume of records were generated during the study and publication of various reports including Resettlement and development: The Bankwide review of projects involving involuntary resettlement (1986-1993) (1994) and contain country and project files involving cases of resettlement (1978 - 2001).

Many records also relate to the Sociology of the Bank history project (1973 - 1997) and includes research material covering themes such as project appraisal, the informal Bank Sociological Group

formed and led by Cernea, sociological awareness and socialawareness training, Social Strategy Task Force, and the history of the Bank policy on financing land purchases initiated in or around 1987. Record types include memoranda, correspondence, Terms of Reference, internal announcements, reports, research papers, and articles.

Series also includes email and slide presentation hard copies, project summaries, working papers, and background research material primarily maintained by Senior Economist Christian Grootaert (SDV) dating from 1996 to 2002. Grootaert was the task manager of the Social Capital Initiative (SCI), also called the Initiative on Defining, Monitoring and Measuring Social Capital, launched in 1996. With the financial assistance of the government of Denmark, the initiative funded twelve projects designed to help define and measure social capital and improve monitoring. The records also document meetings of the SCI Steering Committee. Grootaert was also task manager of the Local Level Institutions (LLI) studies that analyzed the role, capacity, andeffectiveness of local organizations (both formal and informal) in developing countries, with a focus on Indonesia, Bolivia, and Burkina Faso. Records relate to the LLI country studies and working meetings. Both the SCI and LLI initiatives also produced a series of working papers published by SDV.

Series consists of incoming and outgoing chronological correspondence, internal memoranda, and attachments created or received by Gloria Davis primarily during her position as director of the Social Development Department (SDV) from 1997 until her retirement in 2000. One file contains some correspondence and memoranda maintained by Davis as division chief of the Social Policy and Resettlement Division, Environment Department (ENVSP) in July 1997 prior to fully transitioning to the new SDV department. Topics represented in this series include: meeting attendance and planning; operational support and project status; World Bank Operational Manual Policy OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement and OP 2.30 Development Cooperation and Conflict; research activities and papers; engagement with external partners (NGOs, United Nations); trust fund proposals; retrospective program review; departmental budget monitoring and resource allocation; and staffing and personnel management.