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Reading File of the Front Office Staff, Office of the Vice President, Development Economics and Chief Economist (DECVP)

The series consists of documents sent electronically within the Front Office, to other parts of DEC, and to other Bank organizations by economic and statistical advisors and other staff. A few of the documents were sent by Mark Baird, DECVP [Director, Development Policy]. Included are comments on Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) papers, Initiating Memoranda (IMs) for loans and credits, Initial Executive Project Summaries (IEPS), the Unified Survey, and other papers received for review. Paris Club meetings are the subject of some of the documents.

Briefing Books, Travel Documents, and Travel-Related Correspondence of Nicholas H. Stern

This series contains the briefing books, travel documents, and travel-related correspondence for Senior Vice President and Chief Economist Nicholas H. Stern. The files include information on his trips to Washington, DC from March to June 2000 before he officially took charge as Chief Economist. Some of the files (e.g. those for brief trips to Boston, New York, London, and Ottawa) contain only travel documents (such as itineraries and e-mails regarding travel arrangements), but the more extensive files include briefing books containing: daily schedules and agenda; outlines of the objectives and themes for the visit or the Bank's strategy for a conference; biographical data on officials with whom Stern met; talking points for meetings; background information on and summaries of Bank projects in the countries he was scheduled to visit; copies of Bank documents (e.g. country assistance strategies, Implementation Completion Reports, OED evaluations of Bank projects, loan status reports) relating to the country visited; formal invitations to special events; copies of Stern's presentations and related Power-point slides; press releases; and extensive intra-Bank correspondence regarding trip plans and drafts of Stern's presentations. Many files include copies of Stern's Back-to-Office Reports to President Wolfensohn and Stern's own extensive notes from meetings. If Stern attended a conference, the conference documents (program, list of attendees, background documents) are included. If Stern accompanied President Wolfensohn on a trip (e.g. Brazil, March 28 - 29, 2003), a copy of the President's briefing book is in the files.

Subject Files Relating to Major Issues of Interest to the Vice President and Chief Economist (DECVP)

This series contains files on major issues of interest to the Vice President and Chief Economist and his staff. Most files contain documents compiled by DECVP Michael Bruno and by Mark Baird, Director of Development Policy in DEC, but some are from the administrations of former DECVPs Stanley Fischer and Lawrence Summers. Among the topics covered are: aid effectiveness; plans to relaunch and reform the Economic Development Institute in 1995; planning for the 50th Anniversary of the World Bank; and DEC presentations made to the Board and to President Wolfensohn.

Specific documents include: comments on drafts of a paper on aid effectiveness, prepared by the staff of the World Bank, in collaboration with the staff of the International Monetary Fund, for the 49th meeting of the Development Committee on October 3, 1994; memoranda on research proposals on aid effectiveness; a copy of Mark Baird's presentation to the IDA Deputies at a February 1995 meeting in Paris to discuss the Eleventh Replenishment of IDA; a DEC paper, dated April 1, 1994, on the contribution of research and training (EDI) to the work of the World Bank (filed under 50th Anniversary); summaries of brainstorming sessions, held in 1994 in conjunction with plans for the 50th Anniversary, on future issues facing the Bank; a copy of the DEC information package provided the Executive Directors when DEC made a presentation to the Directors on December 2, 1994 as part of the Executive Directors' Information Program; background notes used to prepare for a strategy meeting with President Wolfensohn on November 22, 1995 (filed under DEC strategy note); DEC memoranda and a February 1995 DEC report regarding the DEC review process of loans and country strategies (filed under lending); an October 1994 DEC Proposal to Restructure Funding of Non-Lending Services (filed under Non-lending Services); comments from Mark Baird and other DEC staff on items discussed at Loan Committee meetings; Michael Bruno's correspondence with the Deputy Director-General and the Director General of the World Trade Organization (WTO); briefing materials prepared for President Wolfensohn's July 6, 1995 meeting with the head of the WTO and the IMF; summaries of meetings the Chief Economist and DEC staff had with WTO staff; and comments on drafts of the guidelines for World Bank staff cooperation with the WTO.

Stanley Fischer's Chronological File of Correspondence with Non-Bank Organizations and Individuals (External Chronological Files)

Most of Fischer's outgoing letters and memoranda are accompanied by incoming communications. The majority of the letters in this series concern Fischer's contacts with fellow economists and professional and international organizations outside the Bank. Included are: Fischer's letters accepting and declining invitations to speak or otherwise participate in conferences, institutes, symposia, and professional meetings; his responses to letters suggesting topics for his future research and writing; and his responses to letters requesting Fischer's comments on papers and to letters commenting on his papers and other writing. Some incoming letters and memoranda contain Fischer's annotations regarding the response to be prepared.

The remainder of the series includes: Fischer's letters of invitation sent to academics and other outside economists to participate in informal workshops, seminars, and conferences sponsored (or co-sponsored) by the Bank; Fischer's thank you letters to participants following these events and to officials with whom he met during overseas trips; and occasional memoranda Fischer sent to individuals inside the Bank.

Ronald Duncan's Files on Commodities and Research While Serving with the International Commodity Markets Division (IECCM) and the International Trade Division (IECIT)

This series contains correspondence, reports, and other records that Ronald C. Duncan maintained primarily while he was director of the International Commodity Markets Division (IECCM) and later the International Trade Division (IECIT) in the International Economics Department. Duncan served as Division Chief in IECCM from 1 July 1987 until 1 May 1990 when he became Division Chief in IECIT. Prior to this he was Divisions Chief in the Economic Program Department's Commodity and Export Projects Division (EPDCS) between 1984 and 1987.

One file in this series, Support to the Regions, documents Duncan's units' support to the regions dating from 1984 when he was director of EPDCS to 1993 when he directed IECIT. Other files concern commodity price forecasting; commodity problems in Africa; the drafting of a paper, Bank Policy on the Financing of Commodities, which was discussed at the October 1989 meeting of the Operations Committee; Bank lending for plantation crops (tea, coffee, and cocoa); and possible researchwork on Eastern Europe. Several files contain correspondence and reports on research in units headed by Duncan. One concerns research funded by IECIT, rather than by the Research Support Budget (RSB). Another contains IEC proposals, 1993-1994, for RSB-funded research, and one updates the FY 1995 status of RSB-funded research projects in IECIT.

Records of the Global Prospects Conferences Sponsored by the International Economic Analysis and Prospects Division (IECAP)

This series consists of records relating to the Global Prospects Conferences sponsored by the International Economic Analysis and Prospects Division (IECAP) of the International Economics Department (IEC). Included are verbatim transcripts of the proceedings of the first (April 25 - 26, 1989) and second (April 30 - May 1, 1990) conferences. Also included for the first conference are memoranda of a draft conference outline and a proposed budget. Among the files for the second conference are black-and-white photographic negatives of conference sessions, copies of some of the papers prepared for the conference, a copy of the preliminary conference announcement (December 27, 1989), and marked-up copies of transcripts edited by some of the speakers.

Publication File of Bela Balassa

The series includes reprints of approximately 200 papers and essays authored by Bella Balassa on a wide spectrum of economic and trade issues including development strategy, adjustment policies, tariff policy and taxation, exchange rates and balance of payments, protectionism, and export policy and performance. Most of the papers and essays were initially presented by Balassa at symposia, conferences, institutes, and seminars held in the United States and abroad while he served as consultant to the Bank and as a faculty member at The Johns Hopkins University. A series of papers published between 1963 and 1966 were written while he was on the faculty of Yale University. Also found in the series is a copy of a Le Monde article of 26 April 1990 announcing the award of an honorary doctorate to Balassa by the l'universite de Paris, a copy of a letter Belassa sent to friends concerning the Sorbonne ceremony and other honors, and a copy of an article on Balassa that appeared in the March 1990 issue of The Bank's World.

Pre-Operations Committee Briefing Memoranda of the Policy Analysis and Review Division (SPRPA), Strategic Planning and Review Department

This series primarily contains briefing memoranda prepared by staff in the Policy Analysis and Review Division (SPRPA) of the Strategic Planning and Review Department. SPRPA was the predecessor to the Review and Analysis Division (PRDRA). The memoranda, which analyze documents to be discussed at an Operations Committee (OC) meeting and propose a position to be taken by the Chief Economist (DECVP), were forwarded to the Chief Economist and, in some cases, also to the Vice President for Sector Policy and Research (PREVP). Most of the items discussed in the briefings are Country Strategy Papers and adjustment loan/credit documents. Included in the series are several agenda for OC meetings and some post-Operations Committee meeting memoranda summarizing the discussion at an OC meeting.

Front Office Business Plans for Fiscal Years 1991-2000

These copies of DEC Business Plans were maintained by Lesley Davis (Leslie Davis Arnold) who was Program Coordinator for Administration in DEC's Front Office. Prior to the 1992 reorganization, DEC Business Plans were submitted to the Senior Vice President, Policy, Planning and Research (PPRSV). After the reorganization of that year, they were submitted to the Director, Planning and budgeting Department (PBD). The plans were submitted for all DEC units. The Business plan was a major component of Bank budget cycles and provided information from DEC that would become part of priorities and framework papers presented to the Board. The Business plan also served as the basis for DEC's next fiscal year work program and budget, described each DEC organization's plans for the following two or more fiscal years, described each organization's underlying strategy and work program, and indicated plans for special emphases and topics that cut across department and other organizational boundaries. Included in files aredraft and final Business plans, submissions for each DEC unit, background correspondence, data relating to the preparation of the plans, and copies of monitoring reports. The FY 1998 - 00 [2000] DEC Business Plan was prepared in April 1997 in anticipation of the Bank reorganization by July 1 of that year which would form as major parts of DEC a new Research, Data and Prospects Group and an Economic Development Institute and Leadership Center (EDI) in alliance with the Bank's new Strategic Compact.

Files of the Director, Development Policy, Regarding the Development Committee and Related Committees

These records were compiled by the Director of Development Policy in the Office of the Vice President of Development Policy. That position was held by Ernest Stern from April 1974 to September 1975, Attila Karaosmanoglu from October 1975 to June 1979, and E. Bevan Waide from June 1979 to 1982.

The Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries, better known as the Development Committee, was established in 1974 to advise the Boards on development issues and to coordinate international efforts to finance development. The Interim Committee of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary System, known since 1999 as the International Monetary and Finance Committee, was established by the International Monetary Fund in 1974 to advise the Board on the management of the international monetary system. The Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs, now officially the Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development, was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters. The chairman of the Group of Twenty-Four customarily addresses Development Committee meetings, and the Development Committee, the Interim Committee, and the Group of 24 normally meet at the same times during the year.

The series consists of four groups of records:

    1. A general chronological file, 1977 - 1982, contains: a) correspondence between the Director, Development Policy and the Executive Secretary of the Development Committee, the Bank's liaison (Ernest Stern, Vice President of Operations) with the Development Committee, and other Bank managers, including President McNamara; b) copies of draft and final versions of Development Committee documents (agenda, press communiqu?s, reviews of Development Committeeperformance, annual reports, and work programs) forwarded to the Director of Development Policy or to the Executive Directors of IBRD.
    1. Chronological files on meetings of the Development Committee, 1977 - 1980, contain agenda of meetings, copies of Development Committee documents to be discussed at the meetings, copies of President McNamara's statements delivered at Development Committee meetings, and memoranda from the Director, Development Policy or the Bank's liaison with the Development Committeesummarizing meetings. These files include some agenda for and documents considered at meetings of the Working Group on Development Finance and Policy, the Working Group on Access to Capital Markets, the Group of Twenty-four, and the Senior Officials of the Development Committee.
    1. Files on committees and working groups generally contain agendas with copies of the documents to be discussed at the meeting attached, intra-Bank memoranda regarding the committee or working group, and reports and papers prepared by the committee, working group, or task force. Included are records for the Capital Markets Coordinating Committee, 1972 - 1977; the Working Group on Capital Market Access, 1975 - 1978; the Working Group on Development Finance and Policy, 1978; the Senior Officials' Meeting, September 1978; the Task Force on Private Foreign Investment, 1979 - 1981; the Task Force on Non-Concessional Flows, 1980-1981; the Group of Twenty-Four, 1978-1981; and the Interim Committee of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary System , 1978, 1980 - 1981.
    1. Files related to Development Committee studies and reports include: correspondence, papers, and a report regarding cofinancing, 1978 -1980; a Bank study of aid groups sponsored by IBRD, 1978; a report on the implementations of the Special Action Program, 1978; the Joint Fund/Bank staff study on The Stabilization of Export Earnings, done at the invitation of the Development Committee and submitted to the Committee in 1978; and reviews of Development Committee performance, 1976 and1978.

Partnerships and program collaboration

This series contains records related to the partnerships and collaboration activities of the World Bank (Bank), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and other international agencies in support of the UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (UNDP-World Bank WSP) and the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). It also contains records documenting the trust fund management that supported the UNDP-World Bank WSP projects relating to low-cost development solutions for water and sanitation in low-income countries (i.e., funding contributions came from UNDP and Bank and trust fund resources derived from various international donors).

Partnerships and collaboration records

Records relating to partnerships and collaboration contain the following topics: missions in various countries (e.g., India, Philippines, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Morocco, Yemen, etc.); low-cost water sanitation techniques; field trials (e.g., VLOM-Village Level Operated and Maintained handpumps and Canadian Monarch handpumps); related initiatives; advisory panel meetings to discuss staffing, and ongoing and future field trials in regions such as East Africa and Southeast Asia; project implementations and timelines; loan and grant conditions applied by the External Support Agencies (ESAs); recommendations on aid-giving procedures; and meetings with the Collaborative Council of ESAs in the water sector in 1989 (held in Sophia Antipolis, France) and the Steering Committee for Cooperative Action in 1981-1985 (held at the World Bank in Washington, DC); the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-UNESCO; the United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF; and the Food and Agriculture Organization-FAO).

Types of partnership and collaboration records in this series include but are not limited to mission reports and communications, job descriptions, project proposals (including work plans, project justifications, budget outlines, schedules, etc.), progress and status reports, and meeting files (e.g., agenda, minutes, progress reports, memos, etc.). Examples of other institutions collaborating with the Bank in this activity are the Science and Technology Fund of the UNDP, Kumasi City Council, University of Science and Technology in Ghana, Banque Ouest Africaine de Developpment-BOAD, ARLAB (a subsidiary of Mines ParisTech5), Georgia Institute of Technology, and others.

The earliest projects related to the Bank's global partnership and collaboration with other organizations associated with water resources and management are:

  • Low-Cost Water and Sanitation Techniques (GLO/78/006);

  • Testing and Demonstration of Small-Scale Solar Powered Pumping Systems (GLO/78/004);

  • Research and Development in Integrated Resource Recovery (GLO/80/004);

  • Project Laboratory Testing, Field Trials, and Technological Development of Rural Water Supply Handpumps (INT/81/026); and

  • Information and Training Program (INT/82/002).

Trust fund management records

Records relating to trust fund management contain topics such as: trust fund agreements and amendments to agreements; cost-sharing; executing trust fund activities; funds received and transferred; country reports; financial management assessments or financial compliance reviews; policy exceptions; project phases (i.e., information gathering and testing; and development and implementation); audit review findings; proposals of project descriptions; Global Water Partnership Interim Committee; financial support for the Participatory Learning and Action Initiative; opportunity to initiate a core-funding relationship with various countries (e.g., Finland, France, Ireland, etc.); and collaborations with bilateral agencies (e.g., UK's Department for International Development-DFID, German Technical Cooperation Agency-GTZ, etc.). They also document communications about trust fund management between the Bank (including the Technical Advisory Group) and other institutions (e.g., UNDP, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency-SIDA,the Danish International Development Agency-DANIDA, the Swiss Development Corporation-SDC, Norway's Ministry of Development Cooperation, AusAID Trust Fund, World Health Organization-WHO, United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF, etc.).

Types of trust fund management records in this series include but are not limited to master budget files, contribution and disbursement statements, project delivery reports (PDR), audit files (e.g., Terms of Reference), reports, waivers, original contracts, legal agreements,payment records, cost-sharing files, Bank internal clearances, Initiating Brief for Trust Funds (IBTF), funding proposals, project files (e.g., evaluations progress reports), recommendations, and donor correspondence.

This series also contains sixteen volumes, entitled Preliminary Study: The Large Aqueducts System, 1969 - 1971. These are bound volumes of pre-feasibility study reports by Gilbert Associates, Inc. (Reading, PA) for the Obras Sanitarias de la Nacion Argentina-OSN (now Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos-AySA), a utility company based in Argentina. These reports are associated with the loan agreement signed on June 3, 1963, between the Argentine Government and the USA through the US Agency for International Development (USAID). These volumes may have been used as reference files.

Operations research

Series contains records maintained by the Education Department (EDP, 1968 - 1972, later EDC, 1977 - 1984) and successor units responsible for producing and disseminating research. Research is conducted by the sectors to support operations projects as well as regional, country, or specific sector programs and initiatives, and to improve the level of sector knowledge in particular areas. Records were primarily created between 1968 and 1991 apart from a set of questionnaires dated 2005 and copy of an externalreport dated 1965 used for reference.

Many of the records were created by George Psacharopoulos during his tenure as education research adviser, Education Department (EDC, 1981 - 1983), manager, Education Research Program (EDCRS, 1983 - 1985) followed by Research Division chief (EDTRS, 1985 - 1987). Other records were created by Senior Adviser Wadi D. Haddad, Senior Sociologist Stephen P. Heyneman, Economist Elizabeth (Beth) M. King, Michael Wilson, and others.

Record formats include, but are not limited to: correspondence regarding collaboration, sharing of information, comments on draft papers, or research conducted for the unit by university professors and other third parties; research proposals; initiating briefs; preliminary outlines; Terms of Reference; back-to-office reports for missions relating to research projects; statistical and other data; operational project audit and completion reports; published and unpublished external reports from governments, external organizations and scholars; working and discussion paper drafts and final versions; surveys; handwritten research notes; copies of journal articles and press clippings; and computer floppy disks containing final papers and research results.

A portion of the material specifically relates to country studies regarding living standards in Peru, higher education in Africa, diversified secondary curriculum (DiSCus) in Colombia and Tanzania, and university education in Pakistan. Other topics include, but are not limited to: economic impact of education; women in education; structural adjustment and education; education and public expenditures; vocational training; education strategy and employment policies; assessments of testing capacities; effects of school conditions and atmosphere on students' performances; informal sector education and employment; education and earnings; and education and environment.

Several of these subject files relate to the preparation of Research Project Outputs (RPOs). The RPO numeric code was assigned to projects throughout the Bank by the Development Economics Department. One such set of files relates to RPO 672-45 Diversified Secondary Curriculum Study (1968 - 1985, not inclusive) prepared by George Psacharopoulos and previously by Wadi Haddad. Records consist of back-to-office reports following missions, internal and external correspondence including with the Research Committee, working papers, questionnaires, research notes and data, and various other record types.

There are also records (1984 - 1986) pertaining to the EDTRS publication "Financing education in developing countries: an exploration of policy options" issued in 1986. Records include working drafts and review draft versions, memoranda from EDT Director Aklilu Habte to Operations Policy Staff Vice President S. Shahid Husain including the initiating brief, correspondence concerning press reaction, and other items.

A small portion of records in the series reflect collaboration between the Research Division and the Education Policy Division (EDTEP) led by Division Chief Dean T. Jamison regarding policy on education in Africa (1983 - 1987). Records include memoranda from Jamison and Psacharopoulos to OPSVP sharing a summary of the Bank-organized Research Priorities in Education in Sub-Saharan Africa Conference proceedings held in Bellagio in 1985, final conference report, agenda and list of participants, papers presented at the conference, and a pre-conference report on workshop research priorities (1984).

The sector policy study "Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: policies for adjustment, revitalization, and expansion" soon followed, issued in 1988. There are three volumes of files (1984 - 1987) pertaining to the preparation of the study. Included are memoranda between Haddad, Jamison, task leader and Senior Economist Peter R. Moock (EDTEP), Operations Adviser Ralph W. Harbison, and other staff discussing the development of the paper, comments on preliminary versions, and budget. Included with the memoranda are the initiating brief with follow-up comments, meeting address of Habte, and background data and papers.

Records originally maintained in the NRIC (1981 - 1982) contain internal memoranda between Haddad and Habte, letters exchanged with external agencies, primarily the International Development Research Center regarding the sector's participation in the Research Review and Advisory Group and other collaborative activities. Back-to-office reports, draft outlines and reports, and other items are also filed with the correspondence. Finally, a small portion of questionnaires maintained by Director Ruth Kagia related to the Ngecha Education Study (2005) also belong to the series.

Most of the records are in English, with correspondence and reports occasionally in French and Spanish, and research data and questionnaires in Swahili.

Records of David Bock, Director, Sector and Operations Policy (OSPVP)

The series consist of records maintained by OSPVP Director David Bock. The records include sector policy papers focused on numerous topics, including privatization, housing policy, family planning, water, power, industry, poverty monitoring, development effectiveness, and other topics. The policy paper records include: copies of policy papers; attached memoranda; and Bock's handwritten annotations related to policy drafts. Bock's records also focus on the creation, management, and budget of OSPVP. This includes: records regarding roles and procedures of OSPVP; cross support budget and mid-year review budget records; and records related to OSPVP retreats.

Liaison records

The series consist of records related to liaison with organizations external to the Bank. This includes correspondence maintained by Transportation, Water, and Telecommunications Department (TWT) related to the joint United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - World Bank Water and Sanitation Program from 1978, and correspondence maintained by TWT and WUD related to the joint World Health Organization (WHO) / World Bank Cooperative Program, which also focused on water and sanitation, from 1977 to 1987.

Country Policy Department chronological files

Series consists of chronological files created during Chernick's time as Assistant Director of the Country Policy Department (CPD). The type of activities undertaken by Chernick in the CPD was quite similar to those during his years in PPPRD and, consequently, the types of records are also very similar. The majority of the records consist of correspondence in the form of carbon copies, paper copies, and telexes. Nearly all correspondence was authored by Chernick and there is very little incoming correspondence. Reports sometimes accompany correspondence or are included in the files without accompanying correspondence.

Records relating to country program papers (CPPs) are included in this series, but not in great number. Records generally discuss the scheduling of Regional Vice Presidents (RVP) and Management Review meetings. In addition, Chernick served as Secretariat of the Operations Policy Subcommittee (OPSC). The OPSC was also involved in the review of CPPs and records related to the OPSC in this seriesdiscuss this activity.

Series also consists of regular status reports on Structural Adjustment Lending (SAL) and Program Lending (PL) operations. Other SAL-related records are included, such as Proposed Structural Adjustment Loan and Related Technical Assistance Project reports and SAL Progress Reports.

Between 1982 and 1983, Chernick was on the Steering Group Committee for the Bank's 'Pioneers' of development economics lecture series. His responsibilities included booking guests/speakers, making announcements, booking rooms, and planning Steering Group Committee meetings. Records related to these activities are included in this series.

Records in this series also relate to a variety of other topics and activities, including: seminar attendance and planning; Department retreat planning; and publication of country Economic Memoranda. Other records include: Terms of Reference for Country and Economic and SAL Supervision missions; comments by Chernick on reports and project proposals; Country Economic and Sector Work quality control reports; and administrative and staffing records.

Director and Front Office records

Series consists of records created and maintained by the front office of the Human Development Network, Education Team (HDNED) and predecessor units between 1964 and 2013, beginning with the Education Department (EDP) in existence from 1968 to 1972. The records document management oversight and strategic planning; directing research, policy work, and sector programs; managing the Bank's relationship with external partners in the sector; and, to a lesser extent, donor coordination activities. The records also provide information about the units' structure and communication between the director and advisers in the front office. The department's front office initially consisted of a senior adviser, economic adviser, implementation adviser, training adviser and education adviser from at least 1968 until the creation of the functional units, later divisions, under the Education Department (EDC) beginning in July 1977. The Training Unit (EDCTR) was established in 1977 followed in July 1983 by the Education Research Program (EDCRS), Education Operational Policy Program (EDCOP), and Education Project Related Training Program. The units were elevated to divisions in 1985 led by division chiefs and acronyms were changed. This structure changed again in the 1987 Bank-wide reorganization and the formation of the Population and Human Resources Department, Education and Employment Division (PHREE).

Records cover the tenure of the following directors: Duncan Ballantine (tenure 1964 - 1977); Aklilu Habte (1977 - 1987); WadiD. Haddad (1987 - 1988); Maris O'Rourke (1995 - 2000); Ruth Kagia (2001 - 2008), and Elizabeth (Beth) M. King (2009 - 2014). There is a gap in the records of directors and managers between 1989 and 1994. The tenures of O'Rourke and Kagia are the most widely represented. Between 2000 and early 2001, Senior Advisers Bruno LaPorte and Marlaine Lockheed served as acting directors, and they are also creators of records in this series.

The series is comprised of subject files, chronological files, and a small number of briefing books for the Bank's senior officials. A sizeable portion of the subject file records reflect the development and oversight of the sector's policy, research, and training programs and activities, particularly in the early period between 1965 and 1988. The earliest records consist of correspondence and data sheets related to diversified secondary curriculum (Discus) projects (1964 - 1976).

Education policy

The series includes records related to the preparation, dissemination, and promotion (1974 - 1980) of the 1979 Education Sector Policy (PUB2680). Files were created and accumulated by EDC Director Aklilu Habte, Implementation Adviser David H. Lewis, Senior Adviser Mats Hultin, and others. There is some overlap amongst these files maintained by various personnel in EDC with separate roles in the development of the policy paper. Internal memoranda are between senior management and staff, regional educational divisions, and other Bank staff regarding comments on the sector paper and internal discussions on developing stronger policy for the sector, and discussion on work program and priorities. There are also cables and incoming and outgoing letters with colleagues external to the Bank documenting their collaboration on reviewing the drafts and responses to external requests for policy information and previous publications.

The policy paper correspondence is filedwith draft outlines, data tables, preliminary and final drafts of chapters for discussion, Policy Review Committee revised version and committee minutes, list of commenters including a summary of seminars and discussions held on the draft, draft foreward prepared for President McNamara, summary of Board discussion on sector policy paper, copy of the bound publication issued September 1979 and a copy of the earlier sector policy paper published in 1974.

The Education Sector Policy dissemination and promotion records include: prepared remarks by Habte (October, 1979); memoranda regarding discussion of the policy at a regional senior staff meeting; draft and final board paper on cooperation between the World Bank and other organizations in the education sector in follow up to the sector paper; copies of press releases in English, Spanish, French, and Arabic; and copies of articles, journal and book reviews, and editorials documenting reactions to the policy. There is also a substantive 1980 report submitted by Wadi D. Haddad to Habte, summarizing procedures followed in the preparation of paper, consultations, policy gaps and procedure for future policy work, and proposal for a policy information system.

The sector policy files also include reference to the External Advisory Panel appointed by President McNamara in 1977 to review the status of education in the developing world including the Bank's education and training projects and recommend areas for future action. Files contain copies of memoranda from Vice President, Central Projects Warren C. Baum to Vice President of Operations (SVPOP) Ernest Stern regarding the panel report which contains Stern's notations. There is also correspondence addressed to panel Chair David Bell, Ford Foundation detailing external individual's comments on the 1978 panel report and items for discussion with the panel prepared by Habte.

Other records relate to the Task Force on Issues and Strategies for Meeting Needs of High-Level Agricultural Training in Africa (1986 - 1987) including Terms of Reference, meeting summaries, draft and final reports, and draft report and progress report regarding the Special Program for African Agricultural Research (SPAAR) initiated by the Bank to bring together multilateral and bilateral donors to develop a special program on agriculture research. These records were mostly accumulated by Education Policy Division (EDTPD) Operations Adviser Ralph W. Harbison and EDTPD Agriculture Education and Training Adviser J. Price Gittinger.

Sub-Saharan Africa education policy

Records also relate to the development, collaboration, and dissemination of the Bank's Sub-Saharan Africa education policy paper (1982 - 1988). Background preparation included the formation of an External Advisory Panel to advise on the policy paper. There are memoranda between Habte, Haddad, Policy Division Senior Economist Peter R. Moock and Adviser J. Price Gittinger concerning Gittinger's attendance at a meeting of donor agency representatives to discuss the implications for donors of education in sub-Saharan Africa. There are also: Terms of Reference and other records related to a meeting of the advisory panel and seminar program in Dijon, France in 1985 attended by Habte and other staff from EDT, the Regions and other Bank divisions; Dijon meeting background reports and World Bank Staff Working Papers by various authors; consultants' papers, and back-to-office report (BTOR). Other records are related to the African ministers of education meeting in 1987 attended by PHREE Division Chief Haddad, and conference of European donors to education in 1987 attended by Moock that includes a conference report and BTOR.

Correspondence and other items also pertain to the dissemination of the Sub-Saharan African education policy paper largely handled by Moock. There are letters to government officials from Wadi Haddad Chief, Education and Employment Division, (PHREE). 1987. The paper issued in 1988 was titled "Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: policies for adjustment, revitalization, and expansion"..

Project Related Training program and other training seminars and activities

The series contains records of the front office and divisions (1980 - 1987) regarding training programs and seminars organized by the sector, some in collaboration with other Bank divisions. Records primarily document staff training programactivities of the Project Related Training Division (EDTPT, in existence 1983 - 1986). Most of these records were maintained by the front office for reference purposes and contain copies of training material.

There are several seminar files that contain a schedule or agenda, list of participants, course materials consisting of concept papers and case studies, and evaluation form. Topics of seminars include issues in education projects, tools for sector analysis, financing of education, education policy analysis, mass communication, and others. Three training files relate to a staff seminar on preparation and design of project-supported institutional development components and contain handouts, outlines, exercises, case studies, and evaluation form. There are also draft seminar modules for a seminar in agriculture projects, project related training and institutional development in agricultural lending training material, BTORs of senior training advisers, and announcement memoranda to other Bank departments.

Records of Senior Adviser Richard K. Johanson, Director's Office (EDTDR) and others contain reports in the form of memoranda addressed to division chiefs including evaluation report on staff seminars and training, and summary of a Bank seminar on the quality of education in development countries with a list of consultants and credentials, agenda, session outline, and keynote address. Also included are a seminar report, background papers and externally printed material on a school quality and education project management course developed under Implementation Adviser Adriaan Verspoor.

Research program

A small volume of research program records relate to the International Fund for Education Research (IFER, 1973 - 1984). Included are internal memoranda within the Education Research Program unit (EDCRS), BTORs, Terms of Reference, and outgoing letters from EDC Senior Sociologist and later Chief, Education and Training Design Division, Education Development Institute, Stephen Heyneman. Correspondence discusses budget allocation, paper proposals, financial assistance to countries, and comments on the education research strategy paper.

There is a large bound volume of correspondence (1973 - 1979) consisting mostly of internal memoranda of Senior Adviser Mats Hultin and copies accumulated including memoranda from Vice President Ernest Stern to President McNamara regarding the Bank Group research program and education research activities. Memoranda is also addressed to Director Ballantine including an original memo from the Development Policy vice president. Draft research project papers (RPO), Board reports, and project proposals are also filed in the volume.

Also included is a file on a joint United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Bank education study with background papers (1973).

Knowledge and information products

Series contains World Bank Education Newsletters (WBEN, 1986 - 1987) issued beginning in April 1986 to report on challenges of education investment and Bank efforts to support education. The newsletters were edited by EDTDR Senior Adviser Richard K. Johanson. The newsletters inform about news of country policies, summary of education projects, recent papers and books published, education research updates, and policy notes features. The file also contains memoranda from Johanson.

A retreat file contains background papers and publications that are mostly external.

HDNED Subject files

Also included in this series are subject files maintained by Human DevelopmentNetwork, Education Team (HDNED) Directors O'Rourke and Kagia from 1995 to 2004 mostly relating to unit activities and programs and the strategic direction of the sector and its partnerships and global programs. A single item dated 1973 is a copy of an education project appraisal in Costa Rica found in the 2002 file pertaining to education and technology. Correspondence includes mainly internal memoranda, letters, and hard copy emails. There are memoranda from Kagia to the Bank managing director regarding partnership proposals and hard copy emails concerning the arrangement and proceedings of meetings. Other records filed with the correspondence are internal draft and final reports or concept papers, some annotated; report outlines; agenda, list of participants and reports from various conferences; Poverty Reduction Strategy papers (PRSP); lists and inventory of Human Development Network (HDN) and partnerships; education action plans outlining country information and goals and progress; press releases; and speeches. Topics covered in the files include but are not limited to: Dakar World Conference outcomes; sector lending; grant and trust funds for education; partnership selectivity and oversight; and user fees.

Several subject files relate to the Education for All Fast Track Initiative (EFA-FTI) program and reflect the sector director's support to, or representation at, high level program or partnership meetings, conferences, and working groups. Records include a briefing note and talking points for Bank President Wolfensohn prepared by Kagia, meeting summaries of the G-8 Education Task Force and PRSP Task Force, and committee activities and comments regarding an EFA concept note and financing paper. Also included is a file on the EFA-FTI donors meeting (2002-2003) coordinated by the sector director's office which contains correspondence prepared for the vice president, HDN regarding FTI funding and donor pledges, presentations, agenda, list of participants, and draft summary of discussion and agreements.

Other HDNED subject files relate to the delivery of presentations or addresses given by the director at Bank meetings or externally organized events. Several of these files contain transparency slides and, occasionally, the hard copy presentation and notes on topics such as the Bank's role and strategy for education (1998).

HDNED Director chronological files

Series also consists of mostly outgoing chronological correspondence records that reflect the wide range of management and liaison functions of MarisO'Rourke (HDD senior advisor and later HDNED director, tenure 1995 - 2000), HDNED Director Ruth Kagia (2001 - 2008) and HDNED Director Elizabeth (Beth) M. King (2009 - 2014). There is a gap in correspondence in 2008 which could be the result of Kagia's promotion to country director in the Africa Regional Vice Presidency in August 2008. King's correspondence as director covers her tenure only until 2013.

Correspondents within the records include other Education Sector colleagues, Bank staff in the regions and the Office of External Relations, government officials, United Nations agency officials, and representatives of other external organizations. The correspondence covers various topics such as: visits with education professionals and academics; responses to invitations to conferences and UN governance meetings; comments on external education reports and initiatives; proposals for collaboration or Bank funding; external projects in member countries; small grants program; supervision of project components; sector strategy concept paper and sector policy; research projects; consultants' activities; staffing; adult learning, girls education, and other thematic areas; database development; the Education for All (ETA), Fast Track Initiative (ETA-FTI) and the Bank's Learning for All programs, and ETA-FTI successor, the Global Partnership for Education (GPE).

Correspondence is in the form of all-in-1 notes and email hard copies and incoming and outgoing letters and is sometimes filed with various records such as: trust fund agreement copies; draft and final discussion papers; program or study proposals; meeting or conference agenda and outlines; BTORs; summaries of meetings or conferences attended; speeches and statements; curriculum vitae (CVs); copies of external articles; United Nations agency reports; and other external annual reports.

The series also contains external correspondence files (2000 - 2007) concerning replies prepared for the Office of the President and Office of the Vice President and Head of Network (HDNVP). These files contain correspondence logs or cover sheets indicating correspondence details and action instructions that are filed with the original incoming letters mostly addressed to Bank Presidents Wolfensohn and Wolfowitz, and, to a lesser extent, Zoellick. The outgoing responses were prepared by or on behalf of Directors O'Rourke or Kagia. The HDNVP incoming external correspondence files are primarily addressed to the HDN vice president and occasionally to the Bank president. Topics include: financial contributions of the Bank; invitations to conferences, symposia, roundtables, and other events; Development Grant Facility (DGF); partnership and liaison activities with international organizations and the private sector; and other matters.

There are also a small number of files titled "deadline logbooks" maintained by O'Rourke that contain correspondence log sheets with the attached letters addressed to President Wolfensohn for reply by the sector or by the HDN vice president.

The series also consists of chronological correspondence (2005 - 2006) prepared for Nicholas Krafft, Office of the Vice President (HDNVP). Many of the letters were drafted by Director Kagia or other HDNED senior staff to be sent by the HDN vice president or the Bank president.

Economist Elizabeth King chronological file

The series contains a chronological file which was maintained by Beth King while she was an economist, later senior economist of PHREE between September 1987 to March 1991 and July1991 to March 1992. The file includes both her incoming and outgoing correspondence. Much of the correspondence is with economists and educators external to the Bank, but the files include her correspondence with other sector and department employees. Among the correspondence are copies of her Terms of Reference, travel documents, and back-to-office reports regarding her missions and attendance at conferences; copies of draft papers on which she commented; drafts of her own publications with comments from others; and copies of research project proposals she drafted. The correspondence also documents her role as part of the World Development Report 1991 team and her drafting of the chapter on human resources in the report.

Briefing books

The series also consists of a small set of briefing books (1997 - 2002, 2009) prepared by the sector primarily for senior officials including President Wolfensohn at the World Education Forum held in Dakar in 2000, for Wolfensohn's meeting with the Bureau of African Ministers of the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA, 1997 - 2000, and a quarterly briefing book for Managing Director Mamphela Ramphele (2002). There are briefing books (1998 - 2002) for HDNED director external meetings and events and a briefing book of Director King (2009).

NRIC correspondence and related records

Also included in the series are several correspondence files (1975 - 1986) authored by department senior management, division chiefs, and advisers that were originally sent to the Non-Regional Information Center (NRIC) and arranged under the Bank-wide classification. Files are titled "general" and "agriculture modular instruction" and include mostly internal memoranda, letters, and cables that cover the various sector activities such as policy work, project related training and workshops, unit work program and objectives, education lending and economic and sector work reviews, and liaison with partners. Study outlines and papers, Terms of Reference, meeting summaries, proposals, final reports, and bound publications are sometimes filed with correspondence.

Most records in the series are in English. However, a small amount of correspondence and other items are in French and the 1979 Education Sector Policy press release is also in French, Spanish, and Arabic.

World Bank Resident Representative for Afghanistan activities and related research and reference materials

Series consists primarily of records related to Theodores's role as Resident Representative for Afghanistan between 1977 and 1980. Many of the records in this series appear to have been compiled by Theodores as either research or memory aids; they have been placed in plastic sleeves and, in many cases, given annotations in the form of sticky notes affixed to the front page of a document or group of documents that describe the document(s) or, in some cases, provide commentary. As part of these compilations,records relating to Afghanistan that were received or collected by Theodores previous or subsequent to his time as Resident Representative have also been included.

Series consists of records relating to the role and mission of the Resident Representative and its relationship with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) representative in Afghanistan. These records date back to the opening of the World Bank country office in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1969. Specifically, records relate to: the establishment of the Afghanistan Resident Mission in 1969; briefings on the country's military and political situation (including after the 1973 coup d'etat); the World Bank's role in Afghanistan; Theodores's assignment to Kabul, Afghanistan; the role and objectives of the Resident Mission in Afghanistan; the Mission's relationship and communications with the UNDP representatives regarding operations and security policy; and the diplomatic status of the Resident Representative.

Records related to Theodores's activities as Afghanistan Resident Representative are contained in a chronological file divided into sections according to topic (credentials/identification, receiving guests, health, insurance, taxes, and shipping) and correspondent (World Bank headquarters, family, and personal). Correspondence with World Bank colleagues relates to administration, staffing, travel, housing logistics, and expressions of congratulations or gratitude. Substantive discussion of ongoing or prospective lending operations or economic and sector work is minimal.

Series also consists of four maps of Afghanistan. These include two maps showing political regions (1976), a navigational map (1966), and a general map (1975).

Records compiled by Theodores that appear to be research or memory aids relate to a variety of topics, including: the origins and early days of the Soviet/Afghan war; World Bank security policy and updates; encryption of correspondence; evacuation guidelines; Afghan office budgeting; Bank and resident mission staffing;Theodores's emergency evacuation from Afghanistan in January 1980 for health reasons; assistance of Afghan nationals in communication with the American embassy; transfer of confidential records upon closure of the Kabul office; the Theodores family's final departure from Afghanistan in June, 1980; the closure of the World Bank's Kabul office; and updates on local office staff subsequent to Theodores's departure from Afghanistan. The majority of the records are from Theodores's time in Afghanistan, but somerecords date subsequent to his departure. Records are in the form of correspondence (typed, handwritten, telexes), reports, newspaper clippings, and Afghan government issuances.

Theodores compiled records related to the 1973 and 1978 coups and subsequent Soviet invasion in 1979 as well as the murder of United States Ambassador Adolph "Spike" Dubs in February 1979. These records primarily consist of correspondence between Theodores and Bank colleagues. Records also contain lengthy handwritten letters fromTheodores to his family. Speeches, decrees, and reports made by the various Afghan leadership regimes in 1978 and 1979 are also included.

In addition to correspondence, newspaper clippings from Afghanistan and from other international publications reporting on events in Afghanistan as well as editorials and speeches by external experts commenting on the events and future of Afghanistan are included. Included is a collection of materials related to the nearly decade-long conflict between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union and is primarily newspaper clippings and magazine articles.

Series also consists of three sets of photograph prints. The first consists of fifteen black and white prints depicting Afghani citizens and landscapes. The images appear to be shot by John Siceloff of the American Peace Corps and are not dated. The other two sets of photographs consist of ten color prints and three black and white prints depicting Afghani citizens, landscapes, and towns. Prints appear to have been sold and acquired by Theodores commercially.

A small amount of records related to a talk that Theodores gave at the Newport Public Library in 2002 on the past and future of Afghanistan are also included. Records include presentation notes, articles, and correspondence.

External communication and production

Series contains sound recordings and films intended for public audiences that promote the World Bank Group or provide information about its operations. The series also contains a small amount of textual records relating to the production and distribution of films and radio programs by the External Relations (EXT) Vice Presidency and its predecessors. In most cases, EXT units were responsible for producing the material for radio, film and television.

The Bank's Public Relations Department (PRD) began producing documentary films about the Bank's work in 1951. These early films were circulated broadly to movie theaters, television stations, schools, universities, and adult discussion clubs. These earliest films are not contained in this series, presumably because they were discontinued after 2 to 3 years in circulation and may have been destroyed by the Office of Information.

With regard to radio programs, PRD's successor, the Office of Information (INFO), began creating and distributing recorded interviews with or speeches by Bank staff or senior country officials in 1955. These segments were used and distributed by the United Nations and carried to numerous radio stations in the United States.

The series is predominantly comprised of documentary or informational videos produced or co-produced by World Bank for international television media outlets or for development education. Videos date from 1984 to 2005 but are mostly from 1990 to early 2000. They document: development activities in various countries; interviews with government officials, citizens and workers; and raw footage shot in various countries including city, village and industrial scenes. Themes and topics include: first loans signed; Uganda education reform; industry in Russia; the aftermath of the 2005 tsunami in Asia; World Bank corporate videos; Young Professionals program; and World Development Report press briefings.

There is also a large volume of videos of the Bank's Public Service Announcements (PSAs) from 1997 to 2004, produced for television broadcasting, several of which aired on CNN (Cable News Network). Most of the PSAs are compilations and relate to more than one topic on each video. They cover issues such as governance, global hunger, the environment and sustainability, natural disasters, safe motherhood, AIDS, water, Global Environment Facility (GEF), reconstruction in Bosnia, the southeast Asia financial crisis, transparency, slum upgrading, tropical diseases, and disability. Some of the individual item titles in the inventory do not indicate that they are PSA but were identified as such by relating their titles to others in the PSA inventory. PSA videos are primarily in English but also include Arabic, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and numerous other languages.

The series also contains joint-productions of the Bank including Staying Alive and two sequels, a documentary produced in partnership with UNAIDS and MTV (Music Television) that launched on World AIDS day, December 1, 1998. There are also severalvideos relating to the Global Links educational documentary series produced by World Bank Institute (WBI) that focused on the importance of development and was also licensed to broadcast on television in the United States and abroad, including China. Also included is the Azimuths video series, a co-production with United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Information and Public Affairs Department's Production Services Section.

The series also contains film reels (predominantly 16mm) created in 1980 to 1985 and which relate to the work of the Bank. Titles include: Plague Upon the Land; Dandora; Seeds of Progress; Reflections on the 21st Century; Development is People; IDA; Neighborhood of Coelhos; The World Bank; and World Bank Trade Women. Some films such as Plague Upon the Land, Dandora, and The World Bank were translated into multiple languages. There are copies of some of the film titles that were transferred to the archives with the masters.

The series also includes a small number of films developed around 1984 to 1986 about the World Bank and development issues geared toward secondary school or higher education audiences. Titles include: Toward a Better World; Some Big Questions; Many Steps, One Goal; and What Happens When a Desert Blooms.

The series also contains sound recordings, primarily audio reels of radio broadcasts from 1970 to 1979 produced by the Radio Services Unit of Information and Public Affairs (IPA). The bulk of the sound recordings are Special Reports, a program about World Bank activities, announcements of loans for country projects, Bank Annual Reports and development trends, and interviews of Bank staff. Special Reports also feature excerpts of President McNamara speaking at Annual Meetings and his speeches and addresses while visiting various countries or attending ministerial or UN meetings. Other radio programs from this period include Africa Today, Progressive Asia, Finance and Development, Pioneros del Siglo, and Comments from the Inside. These recordings alsofeature news about World Bank loans and development initiatives in various countries and other economic and social development issues. British film actor, barrister and World Bank consultant Paul Danquah is featured in the various broadcasts as interviewer or host as are other IPA senior staff including Peter L. Chatenay, Garry Lightowler, and Pastor B. Siston.

The earliest sound recordings dating 1955-1967 comprise the Mallon Series interviews on World Bank and country development activities. Topics discussed include the building of a new railroad through Rhodesia and electric power plant in the Brazilian jungle (1955). There are also sound recordings narrating IPA Advisor William Bennett's flight from Egypt (1967). More recent radio broadcasts in the series include Challenges on World Development (1980) focused on rural development issues and two audio reels entitled The African Dilemma (1991). Most of the radio broadcasts are in English, but a considerable amount are also translated into several otherlanguages. Arabic, Spanish and French are the other predominant languages.

Textual records in this series consist of original letters, copies of outgoing memoranda, and cables addressed to and sent by the Director or senior staff of IPA and its predecessors, PRD and INFO between 1951 to 1974. The correspondence primarily relates to the production, distribution and use of the earliest Bank films such as Power Changes Mexico (1951), India Fights Kans (1952), and On the Road (1955) as well as television broadcasts. Although some files are labelled "TV and Radio" there is very little information about the Bank's radio programs and broadcasting. Correspondence is authored by Directors Harold N. Graves and William Clark, Lars Lind, Public Affairs Chief David C. Fulton, and Tom Noone of the Office of Information, and addresses production and broadcast company executives, United Nations information officers, and government officials. Topics include: planning and budgeting of films; contracts with film production and distribution companies; technical production and editing; costs of printing for distribution; collaboration with USID (United States Information Agency), the National Council of Churches in Canada and ABC television; and occasional requests for interviews or television appearances from President McNamara or Vice President Garner. Correspondence occasionally includes attachments such as brochures, articles, and tables or figure sheets relating to budgets and audience screenings. A file containing the script and proposal for the development of the World Bank film Bank at Work (1957) is also included. The correspondence is in English, French, German, Spanish.

PSD budget and work program records

The series consists of budget and work program records related to the multiple units and groups of the Private Sector Development Department (PSD) of the Finance, Private Sector Development, and Infrastructure Network (FPSI). Correspondence, memoranda, anchor function reports, cross support reports, business plans, and thematic budget reports are among work program and budget records for the PSD for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Separate budget reports are related to trust fund support for PSD related projects for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Records related to the PSD Consultative Mechanisms Study from 1997 to 1999 are also included, and contain consultant budget records, CVs, and background information on numerous consultants hired by PSD.

Photograph library

This series consists of photographs created by or for departments responsible for the external affairs function in the World Bank. The majority of the photographs included here were managed by Information and Public Affairs Department (IPA) staff responsible for the Photograph Library. Photographs were taken by Bank staff or were received from other sources, including contracted photographers, country representatives, among others. The Photo Library loaned or provided copies of photographs to external organizations, including publishing companies, newspapers, magazines, governments, and academic institutions. Photographs were also used in Bank publications and other promotional displays and projects in the World Bank Group headquarters and field offices.

This series contains an extensive collection of country photographs documenting project sites, and loan and credit signing events. The majority of these photos document International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA) projects from 1946 to 2001, but projects financed by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) between 1962 and 1981 (predominant 1978-1980) are also represented. Country photos may also include images of cities, villages, dwellings, people, streets and markets, transportation, and water supply. Photographs documenting membership signings of the IDA and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) are also included. The majority of these photographs are 8x10black and white prints mounted on cardboard, often with captions on the reverse. More recent images are 35mm color slides often contained in binders. Some of the IFC project images are black and white negatives.

Photographs of World Bank staff, including Bank Presidents, as well as Executive Directors are included in this series. Photographs are generally portraits but, in the case of senior staff and, especially, Bank presidents, images documenting activities, meetings, trips, and other important events are also included. Photographs are 8x10 black and white prints and are, in most cases, mounted on cardboard, occasionally with captions on the reverse.

Photographs of Bank-owned buildings, including those in Washington DC and, in lesser number, Paris, France, are included. Images are of building exteriors and also include building interiors and the office of President Robert McNamara. Photographs date from 1946 to 1982 and are black and white prints of various size, some of which are mounted on cardboard.

Photographs from the Bretton Woods Conference held at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in July 1944 are also included. Photographs include images of various national delegations as well as notable attendees. A small number of group photos and photos of country representatives signing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) Articles of Agreement are also included. Note that these photographs were originally taken by press sources and by the Office of War Information of the United States Government. Photographs are black and white prints of various size, some of which are mounted on cardboard with captions on the reverse.

Photographs documenting the Bank's Annual Meetings are also included in this series. These photographs show prominent guests, Bank staff, speakers, and events and are included for every year between 1946 and 1986 with the exception of 1976. Annual Meetings from 1994 to1996 and 1998 are also included. The majority of photographs are black and white prints of various size, some of which are mounted on cardboard with captions on the reverse. Some of the photographs from the 1990s are color prints or slides.

A small amount of textual records relating to the management of the photograph library and procurement of photographs are also included. These records, dating from 1959 to 1968, primarily relate to hiring photographers to travel to Bank member countries and photograph ongoing Bank-funded projects. Many of these contracts are with photographers represented by Black Star Publishing Co., Inc., in New York, New York. Much of the series contains correspondence with Black Star as well as with the photographers themselves discussing contracts, logistics, and related matters.

Textual records in this series also include correspondence between staff in the Bank's Information Department responsible for photograph lending and external correspondents representing publishing companies, academic institutions, international organizations, etc. Correspondence generally concerns requests and logistics related to the loan of photographs from the World Bank photo library. These records date from 1966 to 1968.

The series also contains single copies of the Bank publication "Loans at Work". Included are copies from 1950 through 1967 with the exception of 1951, 1956, and 1966. These publications, which provide country and regional lending information but primarily consist of photographs, were maintained by the Photo Library staff. Some of the publications contain annotations next to photographs indicating where in their library the photograph was stored.

Slides and black and white prints of images used in the 1984 to 1986 World Bank Group Annual Reports are also included in this series. A folder containing prints of diagrams and charts as well as a folder containing notes related to the creation and publication of the reports are are also included.

A small number of Photo Library brochures dating from 1983 and 1984 are also included in this series.

Subject files of the Office of the Director of the Economics and Policy Division

This series consists of the alphabetical subject files, A C, of the Economics and Policy Division. The records include memoranda, letters, reports, policy papers, numbered research proposals, and speeches, but primarily consist of drafts (some annotated) of papers and book chapters. A range of agricultural development issues are covered, such as credit and rural finance, price policies, technological innovation, and trade. The records include discussions of the Division's methods and techniques of analysis, the quality of its work and ways to improve it, and the relationship of the Division's work to the country-based work carried out in the Bank's regional offices. A few files deal with computers and their use by the Division for economic modeling and organizing economic reference data, and a few others are on conferences that members of the Division attended.

Eleven files are coded with a Research Project Output (RPO) code number, which was assigned to projects throughout the Bank by the Development Economics department. However, another four such RPO coded files, listed on the original transfer to the archives, are not among these records and probably were returned to the Agriculture and Rural Development Sector after the initial transfer of the records to the archives in 1989. One research project, RPO 671 42, on agricultural prices and subsidies, is a broad study of many countries and their pricing policies, while others are on the pricing policy of a single country (Turkey in RPO 672 78, for example) or a single topic (agriculture technology and innovation in RPO 671 44).

The correspondence is mostly that of Graham Donaldson, who was chief of the division between 1977 and 1984, but a few correspondence files postdate his tenure. Also included is a set of files on agriculture and credit that seem to be those of J. D. Von Pischke, and a file labeled Agricultural development. Reports is for the most part the speeches of Montague Yudelman.

The principal value of these records for research is the view that the records provide of the process of research and policy paper development within the Division. Some material on particular countries is found in the records, including India, the Philippines, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Yugoslavia, Senegal, Mexico, and Indonesia, much of which has probably subsequently been published. A report on the World Food Program contractual study of agricultural development in Korea is in the file Agricultural development. Reports.

Conference and seminar files of irrigation engineering advisor

The series has two parts: records of the annual water seminars 1985 - 1994 and records of the water study tours 1976, 1987, 1991, and 1993. The records are the files of Herve L. Plusquellec, the irrigation engineering adviser in the Agriculture and Rural Development Department who was the organizer of the conferences.

In January 1985 the Agriculture and Rural Development Department started an annual seminar on irrigation and drainage. At that time irrigation was the largest component in the Bank's investment portfolio, and the Department believed it was the Bank's most stable and successful program in agriculture. The seminar was for Bank staff, and both Bank staff and external experts spoke. Only the Department director's speech to the seminar and the background papers exist from the first seminar. Thereafter the files include agendas, participant lists, a few administrative items and handwritten notes, speeches, and background materials. The papers and background readings include both broad topics (for example, A second look at irrigation development in the seventh annual seminar or Tradable water rights and water markets: Issues in the ninth) and case studies on a variety of countries and projects. In 1993 the annual seminar was retitled Water Resources Management Seminar, reflecting the breadth of issues the seminar had come to consider during its nine previous sessions. The last file is on the seminar of December 1994. The file for the sixth annual seminar is missing.

In 1976 the Bank sent a study tour mission of Bank staff to the southwestern and western United States to look at irrigation and agriculture projects and practices. In 1987 the Bank organized an irrigation study tour to Mexico and Arizona. This was followed by irrigation study tours to China in 1991 and to Mexico and Spain in 1993. The records include agendas, administrative correspondence, notes, lists of participants, and final reports of the missions.

Anyone researching water issues, whether irrigation, drainage, water supply, sanitation or water engineering, will find in these records the best contemporary information, both within the Bank and in the larger development community. In addition, researchers interested in the development of the Banks water policy will find these files an important source of information.

Chairman's chronological correspondence files

Series consists of chronological correspondence files of CGIAR Chairman Ismail Serageldin. Records provide evidence of fund-raising, communications, and public relations activities as well as activities related to CGIAR organizational and committee management. The majority of the records in this series are copies of the Chairman's outgoing mail. Letters are addressed to CGIAR member and potential member representatives (primarily ambassadors and agriculture ministers), CGIAR committees, International Agricultural Research Centers (IARC), and other agricultural research institutes and universities. Topics of correspondence include CGIAR membership, fund-raising and donations, meetings, CGIAR projects and initiatives, committee nominations and appointments, the Chairman's travel and visitation, conference attendance, speaking engagements, and IARC research, funding, and management.

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CGIAR files

The series consists of records created and collected by the Associate Director (Research), Office of Agriculture, Technical Advisory Bureau, of the US Agency for International Development (USAID). The majority of the records relate to the first five years of the CGIAR. The series contains two types of files: chronological correspondence files and files relating to specific meetings and conferences.

The correspondence files are exclusively related to communication between USAID and the CGIAR Secretariat. Subjects of the correspondence include: International Agricultural Research Centers (IARC) appraisal, IARC financial practices and policy, and deliberations on and accounting of USAID funding. Records include: CGIAR meeting summary of proceedings; reports authored by the CGIAR's Technical Advisory Committee (TAC); CGIAR reports and records distributed to member countries for informational purposes; and materials related to International Centers Week (ICW). A small amount of correspondence sent within USAID departments on the topic of the CGIAR is also included in these files.

The majority of records relating to meeting or conference attendance relate to CGIAR's annual ICW meetings. A number of other USAID-CGIAR meetings are represented as are meetings of the CGIAR North American donors. Further, meetings relating to agricultural research that do not directly involve CGIAR but which are attended by USAID representatives are also present in small number. Records relating to meetings or conferences attended by USAID representatives include meeting agendas, minutes, summary of proceedings, and supporting documents. Also included are meeting and conference summaries authored by USAID attendees as part of their reporting responsibilities. A small number of Action Memoranda composed in response to issues raised and the subsequent need for deliberation are also included.

Video recordings

The annual meeting of the CGIAR sponsors and centers is routinely videotaped. Normally these tapes are destroyed once the verbatim transcript of the meeting is produced. For especially significant meetings, however, the videotapes are preserved; the two meetings that fall into this category are the Ministerial level meeting on CGIAR reform and renewal held in Lucerne, Switzerland, in February 1995, and the twenty-fifth anniversary meeting held in 1996. The twenty-fifth anniversary program was taped in full, including sessions, panel discussions, a parallel session on genetics resources conservation, exhibitions, and the concluding press conference.

On the occasion of its twenty-fifth anniversary, CGIAR taped a number of interviews with individuals important in its history, both persons who worked at CGIAR and international agricultural scientists. It also produced videos titled CGIAR: The first 25 years and Serving the world through science: An introduction to the CGIAR. In the process it shot and acquired both stock footage of its operations, particularly in Ethiopia, and finished productions on topics ranging from rice to farming in Rwanda.

A few other videotaped interviews, speeches, and press conferences have been retained, including interviews with Nobel Prize winner Norman Borlaug, several speeches by CGIAR chairman Ismail Serageldin, and footage of the mid-term meeting in New Delhi in 1994.

Subject files

This series contains some significant material on the increase of IBRD capital, the IDA VIth replenishment and the Brandt Commission. Most of the other files concern issues that President McNamara was dealing with at the end of his tenure: FY82 budget, maintenance of value, the PLO observers issue, China's membership, the establishment of an energy affiliate, and the briefing of A.W. Clausen. They often consist of background material, sometimes annotated by McNamara.

Among the materials concerning the IBRD capital increase, a file on the President's paper to the Board, Future role of the World Bank and its associated capital requirements (31 January 1977), includes McNamara's handwritten notes and drafts of memoranda on the informal meetings held with the Executive Directors to discuss the paper, minutes of the informal meetings, Programme and Budgeting J. Wood's IBRD Capital Increase Proposal and other internal memoranda, with annotations by McNamara. There are also minutes of McNamara's discussions with Kuhn Loeb partners and the U.S. Treasury.

The file regarding IDA VIth replenishment contains Senior Vice-President J.B. Knapp's memoranda on country participation, Special Advisor S. El Fishawy's memoranda on the United Arab Emirates contribution, and material on U.S. congressional approval of the IDA VIth authorization bill. The latter includes briefings for McNamara's meetings with Senators and Congressmen, the minutes of McNamara's discussions with U.S. officials Donald Regan, Meyer Rashish and Alexander Haig, and U.S. Executive Director Colbert King's memorandum on President Ronald Reagan's decision to request congressional authorization on full participation (February 1981). The file contains numerous notes, figures and annotations by McNamara.

The Brandt Commission file concerns the creation of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues. It contains McNamara's correspondence with Chairman Willy Brandt and Treasurer Jan P. Pronk, Secretary of the International Development Center David Hopper, Director of the Aspen Institute Harlan Cleveland, and Commissioners Edward Heath and Katharine Graham on the announcement, organization, work, and final report of the Commission. The file contains also two sets of McNamara's handwritten notes of and for conversations with Brandt, Hopper, Cleveland, Executive Directors, and Vice-President of External Affairs William Clark; and his drafts, or annotations of drafts, of the terms of reference, announcement and final report of the Commission. The rest of the file contains Clark's reports on his early 1977 conversations in Europe, McNamara's meetings with Brandt, and the progress of the launching of the Commission, as well as other internal memoranda on McNamara's proposal, the reactions of the Less Developed Countries (LDC) Executive Directors and members of the Group of 77, and the Bank's response to the recommendations of the Commission. Two photographs of Willy Brandt, Katharine Graham, and Shridath Ramphal, Secretary General of the Commonwealth, at the presentation to McNamara on 13 February 1980 of a copy of North-South: A Program for Survival are included.

Conferences, lectures and addresses

This series contains correspondence and notes regarding guest lectures and remarks by President McNamara and conferences he attended, both in the U.S. and in Europe. It is clearly fragmentary and does not cover many of the events in which McNamara participated. The series includes speeches he gave on topics such as population (University of Notre Dame in May 1969), poverty and population (American Urological Association in October 1977), and international development (Frederick Ebert Foundation in Bonn in 1979). Several files relate to awards given to McNamara, including on from the Tun Abdul Razak foundation in Malaysia; some awards files include speeches and remarks he made at the presentation of the award.

A few conference files include McNamara's handwritten notes of points made by other speakers; sometimes a typescript copy of his notes on the proceedings is filed. Because the speakers were often important figures in public affairs, these notes are useful for researching both the positions taken bythe participants and McNamara's understanding of the points they made.

Annual Meetings

This series contains records relating to President Conable's meetings during Annual Meetings of the Bank's board of Governors. The organization of the Annual Meeting is the responsibility of the Corporate Secretary, so these records are those of the President himself and the arrangements made by and for his immediate office. The records are arranged in 2 subseries. The first subseries contains the President's records for the Annual Meetings, including background materials and briefings prepared by the staff in preparation for general meetings and meetings with country delegates. The records cover only the first three years of Conable's term (1986-1988).

The second subseries contains the administrative files the President's office created while preparing for the annual meetings. The files include schedules for the President and senior Bank officials, files for Mrs. Conable's activities, special guest lists, letters of invitation, travel and financial arrangements for staff, hotel accommodations and related items. Briefings are included in the files for some meetings. The administrative file on the 1987 annual meeting, for example, includes sub-files titled: Part I [country Governors], Part II [country Governors], Africa, Asia, EMENA [Europe, Middle East, North Africa], LAC [Latin America and Caribbean], IMF, Social, VIPs, JS [Joint Secretariat] documents, Speeches, Development/Interim Committee, Briefs, Administration. The series includes a photo of three Bank Presidents - McNamara, Clausen, and Conable - taken at the 1986 Annual Meeting.

Correspondence of Economic Advisor Hollis Chenery

Hollis Chenery served as the Economic Adviser to the President from 1970 until 1972. Reporting directly to the President, he commented on virtually all the significant economic issues that confronted the Bank. The series consists of one file of Chenery's memoranda and correspondence and two files on the Development Research Center of the World Bank.

The correspondence file includes a memorandum by Chenery on research prospects in Latin America in April 1972; a proposal to the Bank on generation of employment in Mexico and a draft study with comments on planning in Mexico; and a draft study on Ethiopia. The correspondence ends in May 1972; an invitation dating from 1973 is also included.

The two files on the Development Research Center primarily drafts of economic studies. The study topics include evaluations of various economic models, Mexican agriculture, and substitution of labor for equipment in road construction.

Memoranda for the record

The Memoranda for the record series contains a set of minutes of McNamara's meetings with Bank staff, US representatives, and other visitors from outside the Bank. The memoranda generally were prepared by the Personal Assistant to McNamara, but there are also some memoranda of conversations drafted by McNamara and reports prepared by members of other departments in the Bank; some of the minutes are copies of minutes of the President's Council or the Policy Review Committee meetings. Background material, including notes and figures in McNamara's handwriting, sometimes accompanies the memoranda.

Meetings with Bank staff involve Vice-Presidents and Senior Vice-Presidents, the General Counsel and his Associate, the Secretary, Advisors and Special Assistants, Department Directors and the Executive Secretary of the Development Committee. Memoranda of meetings with the Staff Association are also included. Topics discussed with staff include the Bank's lending programs and budget, financial operations, organization and procedures, work programs and special studies. Among the latter are papers on capital markets; lending rate; financial policy; preference in procurement; agricultural research; commodities; the mining, urbanization and health sectors; agricultural credit; urban, nuclear power and aviation policies; river blindness; nutrition; population; employment; land reform; IDA policies and world development issues. The meetings also included discussions of McNamara's annual speech to the Governors and other speeches and statements, the preparation of Board meetings and other meetings, questions submitted by journalists, McNamara's trips to East and West Africa, and particular issues such as the increase of IBRD capital, the Development Committee, and the establishment of the Third Window.

Personalities meeting with McNamara from outside the Bank are U.S. Treasury Secretaries and other government officials, U.S. Congressmen, heads of international organizations, bankers, businessmen, economists, health specialists and journalists. These conversations concern the IDA and bond issues, marketing legislation, specific lending issues, and development cooperation.

Chronological file (personal)

The personal chronological file contains material drafted by McNamara or his secretaries between 1968 and 1972. It includes outgoing correspondence, short memoranda to the senior staff and memoranda recording conversations, notes on special issues and notes to himself.

The correspondence consists of acceptances or declinations to speak, comment, serve on committees, join boards, lunch and dine; thank-you notes; congratulations and condolences; recommendations; the President's requests for meetings or support; letters on Bank activities and letters on private matters. Addressees include heads of States and government officials, U.S. Senators and Congressmen, bankers, scholars, publishers, journalists, art dealers and old friends. There are letters and cables to Hubert Humphrey, Edward Kennedy, David Rockefeller, John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur Schlesinger, Pierre Salinger, Henry Kissinger, Walt W. Rostow, Edward Heath, Lord Mountbatten, and Harlan Cleveland.

The memoranda to the staff are short notes to the Vice-Presidents, the Economic Advisor, the General Counsel, and the Directors of the Development Services, External Affairs and Administration offices on particular issues of concern to their sector or department. Memoranda of conversations record discussions with members of the Board, Bank staff and government officials, including Henry Fowler, John Connally, Dean Rusk, Walt W. Rostow, Daniel Ellsberg and Maurice Strong.

Interfiled with outgoing letters and memoranda are lists of projects President McNamara drafted for himself in May 1968, April and August 1969, January 1971 and December 1972. There also are points for meetings and for the press, outlines of the Bank President's annual speech and notes and figures on the Bank's capital increase, the IDA policies and third replenishment, the budget, the Bank's organization, staff compensation, population growth, the gap between poor and rich nations and nuclear force issues.

ESP and PSP Discussion Paper Series records

This series consists of discussion papers produced by staff in the Education and Social Policy Department (ESP) and the Poverty and Social Policy Department (PSP) for the departments Discussion Paper Series. The Discussion Paper Series includes papers on numerous topics related to the functions of ESP and PSP. The papers produced for this Series were not meant to be published as final products or reports, but were intended to stimulate discussion and comment internally among ESP and PSP staff, and provide up to date analysis to operational staff. The discussion papers also served as preliminary analysis for subsequent policy and best practice papers meant for publication and dissemination to an external audience.

Travel files

The files in this series contain Mr. Preston's travel itinerary; briefing books that include background on the country's economy, the Bank's lending program, projects under execution, country profile and map of the country; schedules; meetings with Heads of States and representatives of member countries; minutes of meetings; arrival and departure statements; press statements; and outgoing letters to the government subjects.

The series contains both the files that the President used on the trip and the administrative files created by the President's office, most often by Gisu Mohadjer, an Executive Assistant to Preston, during the preparation for the trips. In some cases, there are Gisu Mohadjer files for a trip as well as files that appear to be the President's copy for use during the trip. Often the Mohadjer file will contain some briefing materials as well as logistical information.

The records include photographs from Mr. Preston's trips to Tanzania, Venezuela, Morocco, and India.

Subject files

Visvanathan Rajagopalan maintained a series of subject files during his period as Vice President, Operations, and as Special Adviser to the President. Some of the files contain information spanning both periods, while others contain information from only one. Some files are purely topical (environment, for example) while others are on a specific meeting (for example, the file on Bellagio III) or a particular type of meeting (Bank senior staff retreats from 1987 through 1992).

Rajagopalan's files on development effectiveness provide useful background to the Wapenhans report controversy. Finally, during his tenure as Special Adviser Rajagopalan served briefly as the manager of the Information, Technology and Facilities Department, and a number of files deal with ITF management issues.

Speeches

This series contains transcripts of speeches and remarks Visvanathan Rajagopalan delivered as Chairman of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and as Vice President and Special Adviser to PresidentPreston. Most of the speeches concern CGIAR, but other topics range from the engineer's role in sustainable development to safe motherhood; food security; the Bank's activities in environment and infrastructure; integrating women's issues in project, sector, and economic work; the World Conference on Education for All; and malaria control. The series includes Rajagopalan's remarks at his retirement party.

IFPRI and World Bank Poverty Research Conference records

The series consist of records related to the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and World Bank Poverty Research Conference held at Airlie House in Northern Virginia from October 25-28, 1989. The records primarily consist of abstracts and copies of papers focused on poverty related issues, which were presented at the conference. The abstracts and papers were produced by PHRWH staff, other World Bank staff, and numerous academic and NGO participants. Correspondence and memoranda discuss arrangements and reporting on the conference. Additional correspondence and memoranda discuss possible publication of a poverty focused book consisting of a compilation of the papers presented at the conference.

Financial files

This series provides information on financial issues, both internal and external, that affect the Bank. The files include briefings, talking points, agendas, drafts of Mr. Conable's opening remarks for meetings, and correspondence. The file on the debt initiative includes records dating from the Clausen presidency.

Reorganization files

This series consists of the records maintained by Marianne Haug concerning Bank's 1987 reorganization. They include internal Bank correspondence, presentations, and reorganization follow-up reports describing the successes and weaknesses of the 1987 reorganization efforts. This is the fullest set of files in the President's office on the reorganization and its subsequent fine-tuning' in 1989.

Reorganization files

This series consists of the records maintained by J. William Stanton concerning Bank's 1987 reorganization. They include internal Bank correspondence, presentations, and follow-up reports describing the successes and weaknesses of the 1987 reorganization efforts. The files also include correspondence and reports from management consultants in connection with the 1987 reorganization, memos of Stanton's discussions with President Conable, and reorganization reports of the Steering Committee and the Support Units Task Force.

Chronological file

This chronological file consists of copies of the outgoing letters, memoranda and correspondence handled for President Conable by J. William Stanton as well as Stanton's correspondence. The records include social and public relations messages; letters of appreciation for invitations, acceptances and regrets; congratulations; arrangements for meetings; and letters of introduction and recommendation. A few incoming letters are included. Public figures, such as U.S. Senators and officials of the Executive Branch, are among the correspondents.

ESSD Vice President's conference attendance and participation

Series consists of records related to ESSD Vice President Ian Johnson's attendance and participation at various conferences, seminars, and workshops organized by governments, agencies, and institutions external to the Bank. Records include: correspondence; briefing notes; agendas; list of participants; presentation notes; background papers and speeches written by Johnson or by other attendees; pamphlets; travel itineraries; and speakers' biographies.

Briefing reports for World Bank President and related materials

Series consists of briefing reports prepared by the ESSDVP and its sector departments for World Bank President James Wolfensohn. Records also include research materials used in the creation of the briefs (including reports, biographical information, and correspondence) as well as correspondence discussing brief requirements and meeting details. Briefs were created in preparation for the President's meetings with representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), government agencies, and other external agencies and institutions. Topics include: climate change; environmental law; resettlement policy; environmental and social safeguard policy; agriculture science and technology; food security; climate change; biodiversity; energy; dams and water resources; forest policy; and empowerment, culture, and civic engagement.

A small number of letters drafted by the ESSDVP for the President's signature are also included in this series.

Country economic research and assessment

The records in this series primarily relate to the World Bank's involvement in the transition from planned to market economies in Russia immediately following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Records specifically relate to missions made by Bank officials, including John Nellis, to the then Soviet Union in September and October 1990 and to Russia in November 1991 and August and September 1992. Series primarily consists of handwritten notes written by Nellis during these missions.

The 1990 mission to the Soviet Union was the World Bank's first and was undertaken with staff from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The mission resulted in the publication of the joint authored 'The Economy of the USSR: Summary and Recommendations'. During the trip, John Nellis's role was to examine the prospects for enterprise reform and privatization primarily through interviews with Soviet ministries (including Ministry of Justice and various sector and union ministries), other government officials, companies, financial authorities, and academics.

Notes taken by Nellis during these interviews are included in this series. The handwritten notes are heavily annotated in Nellis's hand. A transcription of the notes is also included as is a brief summary of the trip authored by Nellis and submitted to a select number of Bank staff. Further, notes authored by Nellis for a presentation to Bank President Barber Conable are included. The presentation, dated November 10, 1990, is titled, "Soviet Economic Study: Enterprise Reform and Privatization Component" and summarizes what the mission to the Soviet Union learned about potential enterprise reform and suggests avenues for the Bank's involvement in the reform process. In addition, a World Bank Discussion Paper authored by Nellis entitled "Improving the Performance of Soviet Enterprises" is included. The paper is based on interviews undertaken by Nellis during the 1990 mission and was published in 1991.

Records relating to a second trip to Moscow by Bank officials in November 1991 are also included. The purpose of the trip was to gain knowledge about the state and its economy and advance the process of enterprise reform and privatization. Notes are, again, handwritten and heavily annotated by Nellis. The World Bank team also stopped in Hungary and notes from Nellis's meetings in Budapest are also included. A mission summary authored by Nellis entitled "Privatization in the Republic of Russia" is also included.

Records relating to a third trip to Moscow in August and September of 1992 are also included in this series. Nellis was charged with researching corporate governance and property funds. Again, records include handwritten notes made by Nellis during interviews with Russian government officials and other interested parties, both Russian and international. Topics include: economic and political developments in Russia; privatization efforts; voucher program; corporate governance; finance sector; energy sector; foreign investment; and inflation.

The series also contains a small amount of notes made by Nellis during a series of talks and meetings between May 18, 1992 and May 27, 1992. The notes appear to have come from the same notebook as the Soviet Union/Russia notes. These events include a number of Bank staff and external parties speaking on privatization in Russia and EasternEurope. A separate set of notes on a talk by World Bank staff member Qimiao Fan in April 1995 on restructuring of Russian enterprise is also included.

Liaison, partnerships and program collaboration

Series consists of records related to partnerships and collaborative activities between external organizations and the Industrial Projects Department (IPD) units and successors between 1979 and 1985 and 1995 to 1999. Records provide information about common initiatives with partners in the industrial and mining sector, collaborative programs, and senior staff participation on high-level committees or events.

Most of the small set of files that were maintained in the Energy and Information Center (EISIC) document the participation of Division Chief L. Hartsell Cash, Projects, Mining and Heavy Machinery Division (IPDD2) in the United Nations Revolving Fund for Natural Resources Exploration working groups and Joint Operations Group (JOG) meetings (1979 - 1983). Other individual files include the International Labor Organization (1983 - 1986), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Research and Development in Integrated Resource Recovery programme (1984), and Business Partners for Development (BPD) mining cluster (1997 - 2000). Record types include: draft and final reports; minutes of United Nations Revolving Fund working group and JOG meetings; JOG progress and quarterly reports; internal memoranda and letters with representatives of external organizations.

The series also contains four files (1997 - 1999) related to the Bank-led Clean Coal Initiative (CCL) launched at a roundtable in June 1996. Specific records include: letters and facsimiles from IENIM Division Chief Peter Van der Veen to Energy Sector Management and Assistance Program (ESMAP) donors and stakeholders concerning financial support for a pilot "project" based in China; letters with consultants; strategic framework and reform priorities for China; draft articles on the Bank's involvement in coal and CCL; project description (also referred to as study program); Terms of Reference; coal price data; back-to-office-report; and other external reference articles and reports. Records were maintained by Principal Mineral Engineer John Strongman who was later succeeded by Principal Mining Engineer and Task Manager Christopher Wardell

External Relations Vice President and Director records

Series contains records of the front offices of External Relations Vice Presidency (EXTVP) and Directors of EXT units and EXT predecessor units, including Development Services Department (DSD). EXTVP records include chronological and subject files documenting the unit's strategic management of World Bank Group's communications and relationships with donor countries, international organizations, media, and the private sector as well as internal communication within the Bank.

Records include the chronological files of Mark Malloch Brown, 1994 to 1999, while he was first Director of External Affairs (1994-1995) and then Vice President when EXT was elevated again to a Vice Presidency in January 1996. Chronological files of Brown's successor, Vice President Mats Karlsson, date from 1999 to 2001. Both Vice Presidents chronological files contain copies of outgoing memoranda, letters and printed emails, often with attached incoming letters, facsimiles, reports and external documents. Many of the files also contain the Vice Presidents' handwritten notes and drafts of replies. Correspondence addressees include Managing Director Sven Sandstrom and other Bank senior staff as well as representatives and senior officials of various United Nations (UN) agencies and other international organizations. Chronological files document the day to day management of the Bank-wide external relations program, including the arrangement of speaking engagements and meetings, notes and statements drafted for President Wolfensohn, and cooperation with UN agencies including comments on external papers and collaboration on development operations.

Other chronological files included in the series are those of: Rachel Weaving (Chief, EXT Internal Communications Division) dating from 1998 to 1999; Judith Maguire (Senior Advisor to the EXT Vice President) dating from 1996 to 1998; J. William Stanton (Senior Advisor to the EXT Vice President) dating from 1992 to 1994; and Timothy Cullen (various EXT positions including Senior Advisor to EXT Vice President and Chief of Information and Public Affairs) dating from 1980 to 1999.

Subject files included in this series date from 1984 to 2003. The majority were created and accumulated between 1994 and 2003 by Vice Presidents Mark Malloch Brown (1994-1999), and Mats Karlsson (1999-2003). Other subject files were created by Tim Cullen when he was Senior Advisor, EXTVP responsible for media (1996-1999) and also between 1989 and 1993 when he was Chief, Information and Public Affairs.

With one exception, the subject files in this series were created beginning in 1984. The files between 1984 and 1994 were created primarily by Alexander Shakow while he was Senior Adviser, International Relations Department (1984-1987) then Director, Strategic Planning and Review Department (SPR) (1987-1990) until SPR's termination in 1990 after which Shakow became Director of External Affairs Department (EXT) around July 1990. A small portion of the subject files from this period were also created by the International Relations Department (IRD) Director's Office under Shahid Javed Burki and IRD's United Nations Affairs unit.

EXTVP subject files cover the broad range of the office's responsibilities and are filed by organization or institution, country, region, issue or theme. Files document activities including: the front office's comments on papers; information about Bank and joint meetings; the Vice President's advice and support to the Bank President regarding Bank publicity; development of communications strategies and communication plans including responses prepared for the Bank on sensitive or politically-charged topics and planning and execution of campaigns on Bank-wide issues and outreach; writing, or clearance, of letters to the editor of major publications relating to articles involving the Bank; internal communications products such as Bank's World, and communications support for the Bank-wide change initiatives; internal publications; film and video projects; administration and organization of EXT and its units; Annual Meeting preparations and drafting of the meeting speech for President; and the Bank's relationships with UN institutions including United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Exchange Program, United Nations Foundation, and other intergovernmental or international institutions such as International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Labor Organization (ILO), World Trade Organization (WTO), Oxfam, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The more voluminous subject files includecorruption, dams and the World Conference on Dams, IDA lending and replenishments, poverty, debt and the Heavily Indebted Countries Initiative (HIPC), Group of Seven (G7) summits, the Chad-Cameroon pipeline project; and planning of events and publicity for the Bank's 50th anniversary in 1994.

Subject files contain correspondence including copies of outgoing memoranda, emails and facsimiles, as well as original memoranda, and incoming letters. Addressees include EXTVP staff and EXT senior staff inthe European offices and Tokyo, Bank President and Vice Presidents, Managing Directors, country or sector directors, other Bank senior staff, and external organizations. The correspondence is often attached to final and draft papers, draft letters and statements, talking points, concept notes, reports and memoranda authored by UN agencies, articles, press releases, press clippings, transcripts, and handwritten notes of the Vice President.

Subject files also document the Vice President's input provided to the Bank President and drafting of statements or letters to be sent by the President, or briefing material for the President or occasionally Managing Directors.

Correspondence between EXTVP and EXT European and Tokyo offices primarily relates to visits of delegations, summaries of meetings attended by Bank President or EXT senior staff, relations with external organizations, feedback from member countries (on IDA and G7), and the Bank's coverage in the press or summaries of press conferences attended by EXT personnel.

There are also files relating to EXTVP retreats that took place in 1996 to 1997 and a 1988 press briefing speech by EXT Director Francisco J. Aguirre-Sacasa, as well as five photographs of World Bank-Switzerland signing agreement in April 1997 attended by President James Wolfensohn.

Among the earlier records of the series are those of William Clark who served as Director of Information and Public Affairs from 1967 to 1973 while reporting to the Development Services Department (DSD) and then as Director of External Affairs from 1973 to 1974 in the newly established External Affairs Staff (ERS) complex following the Bank's 1973 reorganization. When External Affairs was elevated to the status of a Vice Presidency in 1974, William Clark was promoted to Vice President, External Affairs (VPE). Clark's records relate to the Pearson Commission on International Development from 1968 to 1970 and include correspondence on the selection of Commission members, copies of statements of various national and international development agencies, as well as a copy of the President's memoranda on the report's recommendations.

Clark's records related to the Independent Commission on International Development Issues, also known as the Brandt Commission, date from 1976 to 1981. The records primarily contain chronological files of memoranda, letters and cables between the organizers and candidates/members of the Commission, as well as press clippings, reports and notes on conversations and meetings. Clark's Brandt Commission chronological files are accompanied by several subject files on the establishment and membership of the Commission; public reaction to its establishment; the Bank's follow-up on its conclusions, including lists of Commission proposals to be reviewed by the Board (some of which are heavily annotated by Bank President McNamara); and correspondence handled by Clark for President McNamara.

The series also contains records of the International Relations Department (IRD) Director's Officepredominantly dating from 1973 to 1983 during Director Shirley Boskey's tenure. Records created by Boskey's predecessors, Richard H. Demuth, Director of Development Services Department (DSD) dating 1965 to 1973, and Michael Hoffman, Director of IRD from 1973 to 1975 are also included. The records of Directors Boskey, Hoffman and Demuth are mainly comprised of subject files related to the management of the Bank's relationships with intergovernmental organizations and international institutions, primarily UN institutions (including the United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] and the International Labour Organization [ILO]) on development issues, meetings, arrangement of visits, comments on UN papers; and internal meetings attended by the Director. There are also several files dating from 1969 to 1970 and 1978 related to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and its working parties, in which the Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)were observers. Correspondence contains copies of outgoing memoranda, letters, and telexes, and is often filed with: minutes or summaries of external meetings; reports and proposals intended for presentation by Bank staff; annotated copies of draft speeches or letters to UN officials prepared for Bank President McNamara along with the original addressed to President; articles; and Boskey's handwritten notes. There are also copies of memoranda and letters on which the Director was copied, particularly regarding the Publication Committee chaired by the Vice President of External Relations.

The series also contains separate chronological files of Assistants to the Development Services Director, Max Ebstein (1972, 1974) and Pastor B. Sison (1972 to 1975), and consist of copies of memoranda and cables.

Also included in the series is a small number of 'General' correspondence files including outgoing memos and letters written by Special Advisor Peter L. Chatenay on behalf of the IRD Director to other IRD staff, Bank staff or external addressees including UNDP. Correspondence relates to meetings of the President, dignitary visits, UNDP projects and financing and Bank-UN relations.

Collection of published materials and mementos

Series contains published materials and other items related to Lurick's work at the World Bank Group. Materials appear to have been selected by Nurick as personal mementos. Included are fourteen copies of the Bank's in-house staff publication International Bank Notes that contain mention of Nurick and his work or celebrate various anniversaries of the Bank. Also included are three copies of an IBRD Office of Information's press clippings compilation from May 1959 in which Nurick is mentioned. Materials related to a trip Nurick made to Japan in 1971 are included as are invitations for Nurick's attendance at a variety of events. Finally, an inscribed copy of a personal memoir by Bank colleague Davidson Sommers titled "Recollections" is included in this series.

Publications

The terms of reference for the Office of the Historian included the responsibility to develop and maintain an authoritative record of events . . and maintain a running narrative of them, prepare background papers and ad hoc histories, and select and prepare records for publication. This series contains the files of the publications - whether final or draft, articles or books, published or unpublished - that Office staff or contractors developed. Some files contain only the final publication, while others include background documents and occasional correspondence.

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