This series consists of the records that D.C. Rao, Director of the International Economics Department (IECDR), compiled from his trip to Tokyo, April 1 - 10, 1992, to attend the annual seminar on world debt arranged by the Japan Center for International Finance (JCIF). Included are: a copy of Rao's April 14, 1992 Back-to-Office Report sent to Chief Economist Lawrence Summers; a copy of the opening statement Rao delivered at the seminar; and briefing papers Bank staff provided him and Masood Ahmed, who accompanied Rao to Japan, prior to their departure.

During its first years, the Development Committee created subordinate bodies to help manage the Committee itself (the Sub-committee on Administration) and to investigate issues and propose positions (task forces and working groups). In 1979 the Committee decide to abolish working groups, but task forces with a specific limited task and duration might still be established. Thereafter the Committee created task forces rarely, choosing instead to handle most matters within the Secretariat and the Committee.

An ad hoc working group on administration was established by the Committee chairman and met in Paris on 9 June 1975, to discuss the budget and organization of the Committee. This working group recommended the establishment of a sub-committee of the Development Committee, to be designated the Sub-committee on Administration, to consist of ten members to review the budget (see numbered Committee document DC/75-17). Although the sub-committee was intended to be a continuing body, it failed to gain acceptance and was terminated in 1978.

The Development Committee created task forces on private foreign investment (1979-1980), non-concessional flows (1980-1982), and concessional flows (1982-1985) and working groups on access to capital markets (1975-1978) and on development finance and policy (1977-1979). These bodies commissioned papers, held meetings and consultations, and prepared proposals for the Development Committee. The papers and proposals, prepared as numbered documents, provide important overviews of world economic mechanisms as of the beginning of the fourth quarter of the twentieth century. Of particular interest are records of a seminar held by the Working Group on access to capital markets in October of 1978. The seminar brought together representatives of developing countries and market operators and institutional investors, and the report of proceedings shows the divergent points of view current at that time.

In 1977 the Development Committee decided, as an experiment, to hold meetings of the deputies to the Committee members in advance of the Committee meetings, in order to prepare for the discussions in the full Committee. After four meetings the experiment was abandoned.

The records consist of agendas and information packets for the four meetings, verbatim transcripts, and numbered documents. Topics covered are the same as those of the Development Committee for the period, including the role of multilateral development institutions, review of the work program of the Committee, a report of the Working Group on access to capital markets, and a Mexican proposal for a long-term recycling facility.

The series includes: Terms of Reference for the 1995 evaluation of The World Bank Economic Review (WBER) and The World Bank Research Observer (WBRO), both of which were first published in 1986; six individual evaluations of WBER and WBRO that were submitted during July and August 1995 to Moshe Syrquin, Editor, The World Bank Journals; and a March 1997 report on WBER and WBRO submitted by Syrquin to Joseph E. Stiglitz, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, DEC. Syrquin's report included findings of evaluations of the two journals conducted in 1991 and in 1995.

Irving Friedman maintained these files on the Bank's cooperation with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in developing a supplementary financing scheme. The scheme was conceived as a response to the instability of commodity prices that frequently led to unexpected shortfalls of export earnings in developing countries. The aim was to have supplementary financing cover these shortfalls through soft loans to shield the development programs of the developing countries. IBRD/IIDA supplementary financing would offer longer-term assistance, as opposed to the International Monetary Fund's short-term compensatory financing facility.

The records include correspondence with UNCTAD, memoranda, drafts, handwritten notes by Friedman and others, meeting briefs, agendas, speeches, and official documents from UNCTAD, IMF, and IBRD on supplementary financing. The general correspondence is principally between Friedman, other Bank managers, and UNCTAD officials, especially Raul Prebish and Manuel Perez-Guerrero, Secretary Generals of UNCTAD, and Sidney Dell, Director of UNCTAD. The meetings files relate to meetings of UNCTAD, the UNCTAD Committee on Invisibles and Financing related to Trade, the Intergovernmental Group on Supplementary Finance, the Development Advisory Committee, and meetings within the World Bank. Friedman filed into the file on a meeting both documents that pre-dated the meeting and documents from activities subsequent to the meeting, so researchers will need to read through the sub-series on meetings in order to find all the items about one meeting.

In addition, three files on stabilization of prices for primary commodity products, transferred to the World Bank Group Archives separately from those on supplementary financing, are found at the end of the series.

The series consist of records maintained by OSPVP Director David Bock. The records include sector policy papers focused on numerous topics, including privatization, housing policy, family planning, water, power, industry, poverty monitoring, development effectiveness, and other topics. The policy paper records include: copies of policy papers; attached memoranda; and Bock's handwritten annotations related to policy drafts. Bock's records also focus on the creation, management, and budget of OSPVP. This includes: records regarding roles and procedures of OSPVP; cross support budget and mid-year review budget records; and records related to OSPVP retreats.

This series contains records maintained by Mary Shirley who was assigned to the secretariat for the Private Sector Development Review Group, the Private Sector Development Committee, and the Private Sector Development Working Group. She also served as head of the Private Sector Development Unit in the Public Sector Management and Private Sector Development Division (CECPS) of the Country Economics Department (CEC) and later as chief of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division (PRDFP) of the Policy Research Department. As part of her various secretariat duties, Shirley also had the lead in preparing an annual progress report on the Bank's efforts to promote private sector development (PSD).

The PSD Review Group was created in February 1988 to assess the Bank's work on PSD and to recommend specific ways to strengthen and expand it. The Review Group's report was presented to the Executive Directors in August 1988, and, in response, management set up a Task Force led by CECPS to prepare a World BankGroup Private Sector Development Action Program. The Action Program was adopted in January 1989, and management then set up the PSD Committee in March 1989 to implement the Action Program and to report annually on PSD progress. In November 1990, President Conable established the Working Group on PSD, chaired by D. Joseph Wood, to propose how to best orchestrate the support provided by the IFC, MIGA, and the Bank to promote private sector development.

Specific records in this series include various drafts of the PSD Review Group's report and of the Task Force's PSD Action Plan; Terms of Reference for and minutes and agenda of meetings of the PSD Committee and the Working Group on PSD; multiple drafts of annual PSD progress reports and of the Working Group's reports on PSD prepared for the Development Committee; a February 1992 draft of the Third Report on Adjustment Lending; and 1992 - 1993 reports from the Regions on the status of their private sector assessments. The series also includes copies of background reports and papers, 1979 - 1987, on the Bank's private sector development efforts and on institutional development work in the Bank and Shirley's summaries of a workshop on PSD held June 27 - 29, 1989 and of a conference, Institutional Development and the World Bank, held December 14 - 15, 1989 at the World Bank.

The series consists of documents sent electronically within the WDR team, to other parts of DEC, and to other Bank organizations. The WDR team reported directly to DECVP and had primary responsibility for the Bank assessment of the state of the global economy found in the annual WDR and for selecting an aspect of development to be analyzed in depth for the annual report. The documents in this series reflect the process of information gathering, analysis, and review involved in the preparation of the annual WDR, including briefing of the Bank President. Also documented is the collaboration that took place with other Bank organizations for information and data needed for the report as well as consultation with outside groups including NGOs. Summaries of meetings at which the WDR was discussed are in the series. Michael Bruno was DECVP for most of the period covered by these records.

The series consists of documents sent electronically within RAD, to other parts of DEC, and to other Bank organizations by the Research Administrator and other RAD staff concerning the Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE), The World Bank Economic Review, the annual report of the World Bank Research Program, the World Bank Visiting Research Fellows Program (VRFP), research and conference funding, the Working Papers series, and research and conference proposals.

The series consists of documents sent electronically within the Front Office, to other parts of DEC, and to other Bank organizations by economic and statistical advisors and other staff. A few of the documents were sent by Mark Baird, DECVP [Director, Development Policy]. Included are comments on Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) papers, Initiating Memoranda (IMs) for loans and credits, Initial Executive Project Summaries (IEPS), the Unified Survey, and other papers received for review. Paris Club meetings are the subject of some of the documents.

The series consists of documents sent electronically by Michael Lav within DEC and to other parts of the Bank; a few documents were sent by other DPG staff and a staff member of PRDTP [Trade Policy Division, Policy Research Department]. The documents relate to Lav's responsibilities as Bank Liaison Officer to the Paris Club and to the Berne Union. Several of the e-mails concern transition arrangements for his successor, Ronald P. Brigish, as Bank Liaison Officer to the Paris Club as well as transition arrangements for the Bank Liaison Officer to the Berne Union. Organizational responsibilities for both were shifted to the International Economics Department (IEC) on November 22, 1993. Several of Lav's documents concern preparations for Paris Club and Berne Union meetings in 1993, papers and statistical information being prepared in the Bank for Paris Club meetings, and arrangements for a 30 November 1993 - 1 December 1993 visit to the Bank of a Berne Union President's Group representing some of the major export credit and investment agencies.

The series also includes documents concerning debt swaps and containing comments on Initiating Memoranda (IMs) for an adjustment operation, an adjustment loan, and a Sri Lanka project, and Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) papers. A November 19, 1993 document from a staff member from the Information, Technology and Facilities Department (ITF) to the Director of the Planning and budget Department (PBDDR) reports on the status of the renovation of the Edward R. Murrow Park (Reservation 30) in front of the World Bank Main Complex.

This reading file covers Balassa's work as a consultant for the World Bank from September 1966 to May 1991. Bela Balassa was recruited in 1966 by Irving S. Friedman, The Economic Adviser to the President, as a consultant adviser to the Economics Department of the Bank. Balassa had recently been appointed Professor of Political Economy at The Johns Hopkins University and prior to that was on the faculty of Yale University. Balassa worked closely with Friedman and Andrew Kamarck, the Director of the Economics Department, and later with Hollis B. Chenery after he was appointed Economic Adviser to the Bank President in October 1970.

Through successive Bank reorganizations, Balassa served as a consultant policy adviser and prepared papers at the request of Operations and other Bank units, led Bank missions to developing countries, supervised research performed in Regional offices, and conducted his own research and writing. He served as a consultant in DEC at the time of his death on May 10, 1991.

During theperiod 1966-1970, the series includes Balassa's letters and Back-to-Office Reports for missions to Argentina, Korea, Taiwan, and Israel, letters sent in conjunction with the Development Strategies in Semi-Industrial Countries and Export Promotion in Developing Countries projects, and letters to outside economists invited to attend meetings at the Bank on the Structure of Protection in Developing Countries.

Letters and memoranda for the 1971-1981 period continue to document his duties as Research Adviser to the Economics Department and to the Vice President, Development Policy Hollis Chenery who was appointed the Economic Adviser to the Bank President. Balassa also consulted with Ernest Stern, Senior Adviser, Development Policy and officials of other Bank departments on policy issues and participated in economic or advisory missions. In February 1972 he was transferred to the Development Research Center. Letters and memoranda for the period afterward indicate that Belassa continued to lead or otherwise participate in missions; performed other policy advisory work for Regional Offices, other parts of the Bank, and governments of less developed countries; assisted the Research Committee (later the Research Projects Approval Committee [REPAC]) in panel review of research proposals; provided leadership to the Industrial Development and Trade Steering Group; commented on the quality and distribution of World Bank staff working papers; and conducted his own research and writing

Beginning in 1982, Balassa reported to the Vice President, Development Policy Staff (later Vice President, Economics and Research [ERS]) and to the Director of the Development Research Department. Letters and memoranda indicate his increased involvement in policy advising and operational support both to senior Bank management and Regional Offices and continued participation in missions and in the Research Committee. After the 1987 Reorganization, Balassa reported to the Vice President, Development Economics and Chief Economist (DEC). A copy of an August 4, 1987 report on World Bank Research prepared at the request of the Senior Vice President, Policy, Planning and Research is in the file. A number of letters and reports after that date and continuing through 1991 concern Balassa's review of papers in the Policy, Planning and Research (PPR, later PRE [Policy, Research, and External Affairs]) Working Papers series. Included in the PPR/PRE series were World Development Reports and other papers prepared by organizations within DECVP, IEC [International Economics Department], and CEC [Country Economics Department].

Throughout the series are copies of papers Balassa prepared at the request of the Board and Bank offices, copies of research papers and lectures prepared for Bank-IMF sponsored conferences and for meetings of international organizations, reports prepared after returning to the Bank from outside meetings on economic issues and trade policy, and letters concerning his books and other publications.

The correspondence in this series was maintained as a personal reading file by Mary Shirley during successive assignments at the World Bank from 1980 to 1995 serving as: Economist/Loan Officer, Country Programs Department I (LC1D), Office of the Regional Vice President for Latin America and the Caribbean, 1980 - 1982; Senior Economist, Projects Advisory Staff (PAS), Office of the Vice President, Operations Policy (OPSVP), 1983; Senior Economist and later Public Enterprises Adviser, Public Sector Management Unit (PPDPS), OPSVP, 1983 - 1987; Public Enterprises Adviser, Public Sector Management and Private Sector Development Division (CECPS), Country Economics Department, Office of the Vice President, Development Economics and Chief Economist (DECVP), 1987 - 1990; Chief, CECPS, 1990 - 1993; and Chief, Finance and Private Sector Development (PRDFP), Policy Research Department (PRD), 1993 - 1995.

Incoming correspondence is sometimes filed with copies of letters, memoranda, reports, papers, and informal communications prepared by Shirley. Shirley's earliest correspondence while assigned to LC1D was primarily with Division Chief Francisco Aguirre-Sacasa and government officials. The majority of the correspondence in the reading file centers on her work after leaving LC1D in 1982. The subjects of much of this later correspondence, exchanged primarily with Bank staff, relate to public enterprise issues, particularly in developing countries; private sector development; and privatization. Research and projects in all of these areas are covered in her correspondence.

Throughout the series are Back-to-Office Reports (BTOs) prepared by Shirley following numerous missions she led to various parts of Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. She also represented the Bank at meetings of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in Paris (1987, 1990) when issues relating to private sector development were discussed. BTOs for these meetings are part of the file. Correspondence concerning Shirley's participation in the Committee on Private Sector Development and other Bank initiatives, along with a small amount of correspondence concerning her work on the World Development Report at the end of her LC1D assignment in 1982, are in the series. Throughout the series are letters of invitation for speaking engagements from academic institutions and professional groups both within the United States and abroad and Shirley's responses.

Irving S. Friedman was appointed economic adviser to Bank President George D. Woods on 1 October 1964 after having served as Director of the Exchange Restrictions Department at the IMF since 1950. Many of the letters and memoranda for the October-December 1964 period concern the structuring of his staff and appointments. Letters and memoranda concerning strengthening of the Economics Department placed under him and appointments of additional economists including Andrew Kamarck who was named director of the department and Bela Belassa who was recruited by Friedman as consultant adviser to the Economics Department are in the file for the early portion of 1965. Other subjects of the 1965 correspondence include the Capital Requirements Study, assistance to countries in debt rescheduling, external debt, and creation of the Economic Committee at the Bank. Friedman's memoranda to President Woods for this period include: proposals for consultative groups; comments on Fund quota increases and the impact of Balance of Payments on an IBRD bond issue in the United States; and his report to Wood on his visits to Brazil, Argentina, and Chile in September 1965.

Friedman's reading file for the 1966-1967 period includes: a 4 February 1966 draft of a speech to be given at the White House by President Woods on his views on the U.S. foreign aid program; outlines of presentations and copies of speeches made by Friedman at Harvard University, the Brookings Institution, the U.N. Trade and Development Board and elsewhere; notes and summaries to the file on various subjects; drafts of papers on various topics and issues including some September 1966 drafts entitled Accomplishment in Economics of the last two years at World Bank. A 14 March 1966 memorandum to Woods on Post War [Viet Nam Conflict] Planning; several memoranda sent to Woods in May 1966 concerning a meeting between Friedman and representatives of the U.S. Defense Department at which India and Pakistan defense expenditures were discussed; and a 12 June 1967 memorandumwritten jointly by Friedman and Kamarck to Woods proposing a New Perspective for the Middle East following the six-day war between Israel and an alliance of Arab states are part of the file.

The blue carbon typewritten copies of letters and memoranda in this series constituted Friedman's personal reading file. They primarily document Friedman's official duties while serving with Woods until the President's retirement on 31 March 1968, but they also include some personal letters of congratulation and condolence, thank you letters for invitations and hospitality extended to him and his wife, and occasional personal letters to professional colleagues outside the Bank.

The series contains records maintained by the Health, Nutrition, and Population team (HDNHE) and previous units to provide quality support services and development effectiveness guidelines to operational task teams managing health, nutrition, and population (HNP) projects. The Bank's Quality Assurance Group (QAG) often, but not always, included an HDNHE representative. The Quality Enhancement Review (QER) panel was first instituted for HNP projects in Fiscal Year 1999 and led by HDNHE senior staff. QER broadly followed the QAG methodology to improve the quality of the project but functioned as an independent group of senior colleagues who conducted the project preparation review with the task teams.

Records in the series were primarily maintained by Chris Walker, senior public health specialist and later lead specialist of the Health, Nutrition, and Population Quality team. Types of records include: hard copy emails; draft and final project documents such as Project Appraisal Documents (PADs) and aide-memoires; background reports for the panel such as internal sector policy and strategy reports; meeting agenda; occasionally draft and final panel review reports; handwritten notes; minutes of project concept review meetings; and QER guidelines. Several records including the project documents and meeting summaries contain Walker's handwritten annotated notes.

There are also records related to HNP Quality of Supervision workshop 1994 - 1998.

Series relates to work Desmond McCarthy undertook as a consultant for the Quality Assurance Group (QAG) in 2004 and 2005.

Series includes records relating to a quality assessment of Non-Lending Technical Assistance (NLTA) conducted by the Quality Assurance Group (QAG) on which McCarthy served as a panelist in 2004. Records relating to assessments of the State Owned Bank Technical Assistance project in Romania and the Services Sector Census project in China are included. Records include background information on each project and QAG guidelines for the assessment process.

Records related to the QAG assessment of the Customs Modernization Handbook are also included in this series. The Handbook was intended to provide guidance to organizations and individuals involved in the preparation and implementation of customs modernization projects. Records include a copy of the handbook itself as well as comments on the Handbook and records related to the release and dissemination of the Handbook.

Series also includes records related to a 2003-2004 QAG review of analytical and advisory activities (AAA) primarily related to Bulgaria, including reviews of: public expenditure issues; rural development sector; Country Procurement Assessment Report (CPAR); and a national energy efficiency study. Records consist of background materials and guidance questionnaires: the latter often contain hand-written notes presumably made by McCarthy.

This series contains records relating to the World Bank's publication function while it was located in or reported to the Bank's External Relations unit or its predecessors. The Bank's earliest publication activities occurred in the Public Relations Department from 1947 to 1955; a division dedicated to the publications of Bank-authored materials was established in 1949. With the termination of the Public Relations Department in 1955, the Bank's publishing function was transferred to the new Information Department (INFO). The publication of Bank-authored and Bank-sponsored materials increased rapidly over the subsequent decade. The publishing function was moved to the new Information and Public Affairs Department (IPA) in 1968 where it remained through 1980. In that year it was removed from IPA and upgraded to a separate department called the Publications Department (PUB); it reported to various iterations of the External Affairs Vice Presidency through 1992. In that year, PUB was downgraded to a division, but continued to report to the External Affairs Department.

The Bank's publications function is responsible for the publication of Bank-authored and, in some cases, Bank-sponsored informational materials for a variety of audiences, including: the broader public (speeches, regional and country booklets, press releases, fact sheets, informational pamphlets, educational materials); members and partners (Annual Report, World Development Report, Policies and Operations, various guidelines and handbooks); development practitioners (sector papers, Country Economic Reports, occasional papers); and the academic community (monographs and articles). Its activities have generally involved: selection of Bank-authored materials for publication; editing and design of publications; supervision of the production process; and promotion, marketing and distribution of Bank publications throughout the world.

Records relating to the publication and distribution of Bank-authored and Bank-sponsored materials include correspondencerelating to the various phases of the publication cycle. Correspondence is between the publishing unit and various stakeholders including: authors, relevant Bank units, external publishers and distributors, and members of the public or organizations. Correspondence relates to: submission of manuscripts; editing of manuscripts; translation of manuscript; solicitation of comments on drafts; determining the design aspects of the publications; budgeting matters; and marketing and distribution of publications. Records relating to editorial activities include drafts of manuscripts and page proofs that were published by the Bank; records relating to manuscripts that were reviewed for publication but ultimately not published by the Bank are also included. Records are primarily grouped into folders based on publication title. A small number of folders from the 1970s are titled by activity (budget, translation, etc.) or publication type (sector papers, country economic reports, etc.). Subject files relating to specific publication topics or authors are also included as are chronological files relating to publishing activities of a number of IPA staff: Donald Pryor (1973-9174); Brian J. Svikhart (1974-1976); and Goddard G. Winterbottom (1974-1976).

Records relating to the editorial decision-making and selection process of the Bank's Publication Committee are also included in this series. The Publication Committee was established in 1957 by President Black to develop and review policies and procedures with respect to the preparation, editing, approval and production of Bank publications. However, the committee's proceedings were, at least initially, devoted almost entirely to the consideration of specific proposals for publication submitted by staff including, especially, the Economic Development Institute. In addition to the director of the Information and Public Affairs Department (IPA), the committee members included vice presidents and department heads from throughout the Bank, including operations, EDI, administration, and the economics (or research) department. Records relating to the Publication Committee date from 1957 to 1978 and include meeting agendas and minutes as well as correspondence supporting the work of the committee.

This series also contains a large amount of material published by the Bank and maintained by publishing units as reference. These include: a copy of each World Bank Annual Report published between 1946 and 2003; copies of Annual Meeting Summary Proceedings from 1950 to 1991; and Development News - Daily Summary/Weekly Supplement from 1994 to 1999. A collection of "Finance and Development" is also included. "Finance and Development" was published quarterly by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from June 1964 until June 1998 when the IMF became the sole publisher. English, Spanish, French and German language issues are included. Also included is a reference collection of "World Bank Loans at Work" for the years 1950 through 1967 except for a few missing issues. The publication was created for an external audience and contain photographs and descriptions of a variety of World Bank projects. Published versions of the World Bank Staff Working Papers series published between 1976 and 1986 are also included.

The series also contains a small amount of educational materials authored by the World Bank Group. The materials, which date from 1984 to 1986, were developed for secondary schools with the title "Toward a Better Tomorrow." Records include textual guides and reference materials as well as five film strips.

Records from a bibliographic project undertaken in 1970 are also included. The project aimed to compile a list of all Bank publications from 1946 to 1973. Records related to the bibliography include publication lists containing publication titles, dates, translations, quantities and distribution numbers for each publication. Other supporting material is also included although a final version of the bibliography is not.

This series contains publications acquired from international agricultural research centers for the CGIAR CD-ROM publication project Compact International Agricultural Research Library - Basic Retrospective Set (CIARL - BRS). A few publications from the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, which provide important support for the centers, also are included. Not all of the publications in this series ultimately were reproduced on the CD-ROM.

The purpose of the CD-ROM publication was to provide a resource on agriculture for developing countries. CGIAR solicited the publications from the research centers, the centers made the first selection on relevance to the purpose of the publication, and the CGIAR project staff made the final determinations.

The publications selected include guidelines, instructional manuals, studies, handbook, directories, monographs, annual reports, and proceedings of internal symposia and workshops, among others. Duplicate copies of some of these publications are found in the CGIAR Central Files, particularly in file categories G and H. The publications reflect the state-of-the art of agricultural research at the time they were published. Taken together with the Central Files, they illuminate the research emphases of the centers, showing changing attitudes toward, for example, environmental issues, small farmers, and various species of plants and animals. The series as a whole provides a worldwide overview of agricultural research.

The terms of reference for the Office of the Historian included the responsibility to develop and maintain an authoritative record of events . . and maintain a running narrative of them, prepare background papers and ad hoc histories, and select and prepare records for publication. This series contains the files of the publications - whether final or draft, articles or books, published or unpublished - that Office staff or contractors developed. Some files contain only the final publication, while others include background documents and occasional correspondence.

This series consists of numbered publications by the Development Committee on development issues such as environment, assistance to developing countries, trade and development, concessional flows, poverty, market prospects, and structural adjustment.

This series contains documentation regarding the drafting and publication of booklets aimed at explaining the evaluation function in the World Bank to non-Bank audiences. The early editions of this booklet were titled Operation Evaluation: World Bank Standards and Procedures. By 1993, the title had changed to Assessing Development Effectiveness: Evaluation in the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation.

The sub-series contains records documenting the drafting and publication of the booklets. Included are: intra-OED correspondence; multiple drafts of the booklets; comments on the drafts; and agenda, minutes, and summaries of meetings of the Joint Audit Committee and of the Board of Executive Directors at which drafts were discussed. The sub-series also contains draft and/or published copies (in English and French) of various booklet editions (1976, 1979, 1984 [draft only], 1993).

The series includes reprints of approximately 200 papers and essays authored by Bella Balassa on a wide spectrum of economic and trade issues including development strategy, adjustment policies, tariff policy and taxation, exchange rates and balance of payments, protectionism, and export policy and performance. Most of the papers and essays were initially presented by Balassa at symposia, conferences, institutes, and seminars held in the United States and abroad while he served as consultant to the Bank and as a faculty member at The Johns Hopkins University. A series of papers published between 1963 and 1966 were written while he was on the faculty of Yale University. Also found in the series is a copy of a Le Monde article of 26 April 1990 announcing the award of an honorary doctorate to Balassa by the l'universite de Paris, a copy of a letter Belassa sent to friends concerning the Sorbonne ceremony and other honors, and a copy of an article on Balassa that appeared in the March 1990 issue of The Bank's World.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records created or received in Lamb's capacity as Public Sector Management Adviser for the Public Management Unit (PPDPS). The records include correspondence and memoranda primarily between Lamb, PPDPS Chief Arturo Israel, PPDPS staff, and staff from Bank regional departments. The correspondence and memoranda concern PPDPS planning and reporting of country missions, policy papers, country strategies, structural adjustment loan (SALs) projects, technical assistance (TA) projects, and workshops and seminars. Public sector management related topics are addressed in the memoranda and correspondence, including civil service reform, public expenditure, and institutional reform. Incoming and outgoing correspondence sent and received by Lamb from individuals and organizations external to the Bank are also included. The records also consist of Lamb's travel request records, leave request records, back-to-office reports (BTOs), aide-memoires, expense reports, and timesheets.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records created or received by Geoffrey Lamb while serving as Unit Chief in the Public Sector Management (EMTPM) unit of the shared regional ECA/MENA Technical Department of the Europe and Central Asia Vice Presidency (ECA). The records include memoranda and correspondence primarily between Lamb, ECA Vice President Wilfred Thalwitz, EMTPM staff, ECA Region staff, and Middle East and North Africa Region (MNA) staff. The correspondence and memoranda cover the following topics: ECA and MNA Regional Actions Plans for Technical Assistance (TA); EMTPM organized seminars, workshops, and training sessions; economic sector work (ESW) and Institutional Development Fund (IDF) lending for public sector management projects in the ECA Region; Dutch Trust Fund resources for ECA countries; and EMTPM planning priorities and consultant recruitment. Back-to-office (BTOs) mission reports and Terms of Reference (TORs) are interfiled among correspondence and memoranda. Incoming and outgoing correspondence sent and received by Lamb from individuals and organizations external to the Bank are also included. The chronological correspondence files also consists of sub-files containing: copies of faxes, telex messages, and cables sent to Lamb; travel request records; leave request records; expense reports; timesheets; and performance review records.

Series consists of a variety of records created and used by External Relations units and its predecessors over time to monitor press coverage of World Bank Group news and events and, if necessary, to formulate responses to that press coverage.

A large portion of the records are press clippings or photocopies of clippings dating from 1949 to 1998, however, there is a gap in the clippings from 1962 to 1972 and 1980 to 1993. Press clippings were primarily collected from American newspaper outlets including the Washington Post, Washington Star, New York Times and others, as well as foreign print media such as the London Financial Times. The clippings cover Bank activities and developments, global economic and development events, Annual Meetings and Annual Reports, statements, speeches and trips of the Bank Presidents beginning with President Eugene Black, IDA, Bank personnel, and World Bank anniversaries beginning with its tenth anniversary. There are weekly press reports containing clippings beginning fromNovember 1976 to 1979. The earlier press clippings dating from 1949 were created by the Public Relations Department led by Director Harold N. Graves who served from November 1950 to 1967. Another set of photocopied press clippings relating to Bank activities and its major meetings and conferences were maintained by the News Bureau of the EXT Media Division. These files predominantly date from 1994 to 1998, however, there are two files with information on IDA from 1962 to 1996, and World Bank project summaries from 1977 to 1979. Press clipping files also include a scrapbook on various Bank issues in India in 1957, and press reports, also referred to as news bureau dissemination reports, dating from 1994 to 1998, that provide summaries of news articles, editorials or letters to the editor about the Bank and its activities. Many of the dissemination reports include an attached memo from the Media Division (EXTME) to the External Relations Vice Presidency (EXTVP) that reports on preparation, major EXT activities, media coverage, and lessons learned. The dissemination reports also contain all press releases, briefings, talking points, and letters to the editor, all related to the event, as well as an analysis of media coverage for internal use by EXT to provide a brief overview of media perception and to examine stories for accuracy and thoroughness. Press clipping files also occasionally contain typed translations of foreign news articles and World Bank news releases.

The series also contains compiled reference material including country articles, financial statements, and case books used for internal or public information, created by the Information and Public Affairs Unit (IPA) in the 1960s and 1970s. Country Article files, dating from 1967 to 1972 (predominantly 1970-1972), contain summaries or information reports appended with financial data about developed and developing countries, basic country data and background on its economy, history of Bank operations in the developing country, and figures on Bank loans and IDA credits. For developed countries, the report includes a summary of the country's history of its relationship with the World Bank Group, Bank's borrowings in the country, disbursements, and the country's goods/services contributed to Bank-funded projects and Bank loans.

Other reference files contain: financial statements for World Bank, IDA and IFC, 1966-1967; policy documents including Board papers 1973-1976; a file titled "Irreverent Inquiries" that provides responses to common Bank queriesand criticisms; and an IDA Briefing Book prepared in 1977 that explains Bank policies on a variety of topics. The IDA Case Books from 1961 to 1974 created by IPA include information on a variety of topics, including: IDA replenishment; health and nutrition; and IDA's relationship with the United States government. There is also a list of IDA publication credits from 1961 to 1969. The series also contains Annual Meeting files, 1966 to 1977, compiled for the Special Guests Office including lists of external and press attendees, as well as administrative correspondence on press attendees' attendance and accommodations.

Also included in the series are Public Relations general files, dating from 1947 to 1968, mostly containing correspondence of the Public Relations Department. Records include copies of memoranda and letters, meeting minutes and summaries, handwritten notes, and working documents relating to: the Bank's public relations-related activities such as articles and speeches given by the Bank President and senior staff; leaks in the press; marketing; film and radio production; the first meeting of the Committee on Information, February 20 1947, which examined the Bank's communications and relationship with the press, as well as the Ad Hoc Committee on Internal Information from 1951. There are also yearly reports outlining all publications, press releases, and speeches by Bank staff. A small volume of files relate to the production of Bank posters, Annual Meeting exhibits, and the Bank's participation at International Exhibitions (Expo) as part of the UN family pavilion. The exhibit files contain original invitations to the exhibition, copies of minutes of the UN Expo Committee meetings, copies of outgoing letters and cables to government organization officials and United Nations headquarters, and printed materials from external organizers. There are also two files relating to the Bank's participation in the Washington World Conference on World Peace Through Law held in Washington, DC in September 1965.

This series contains the records related to the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Program, a multi-donor partnership consisting of the World Bank, the European Commission, the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). PEFA consists of steering committee comprised of members from each of these organizations. A PEFA Secretariat was also located in the World Bank to administer the program. PEFA served as a trust fund program and helped fund much of the activities of the Public Sector Governance Department (PRMPS) of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network (PREM). The records in this series are related to PEFA trust fund proposals, planning, and budgeting for public expenditure and public finance management (PFM) projects with PRMPS.

The trust fund records include correspondence and memorandabetween PEFA steering committee members, the PEFA Secretariat Nicola Smithers, and staff of PRMPS, including past Directors Cheryl Gray and Sanjay Pradhan. The records also consist of PEFA steering committee meeting and minutes. Records for proposed public expenditure and PFM projects for PRMPS include assessments specific to a country. The country assessment records include the following specific types of reports, action plans, and application documents: Public Expenditure Review and Rationalization (PERR) report; PEFA Trust Fund Application; Public Expenditure Management Country Assessment and Action Plan; Application of PFM Performance Measurement Framework report; and Financial and Accountability Review and Action Plan (FARAP).

PEFA budget and audit records are also included for PRMPS public expenditure projects and PFM projects. Records are also included for PEFA and PRMPS organized workshops, conferences, and training sessions, which include training manuals, agenda, and participant lists. The seriesalso contain records related to fund disbursement and project agreement, including: initiating brief for trusts fund records, grant letters signed by PEFA donor partners, and grant agreements from the World Bank Development Grant Facility (DGF). Recruitment records consisting of curriculum vitae and terms of reference for consultants and temporary employees are also included.

This series consists of the subject and activity files of Poverty and Social Policy Department (PSP) and Poverty, Gender, and Public Sector Management Department (PGP) Director Ishrat Husain. The records in this series were used as reference for Husain as well as support for the activities of PSP and PGP sector teams and groups. Records include: memoranda; correspondence; agenda; meeting minutes; working papers; and policy paper drafts for numerous working groups, task forces, and policy development committees focused on a particular topic or project.

The series additionally consists of PSP budget records consisting of: correspondence; memoranda; Draft Discussion Notes from Human Capital Development and Operations Policy Vice Presidency (HCO); and PSP business work plans for fiscal years 1997 to 1999. Additional records include correspondence and memoranda related to the mapping of PSP/PGP Groups into the HDN, ESSD, and PREM Networks. Other planning records include: PSP Week correspondence from May 1996; "Next Step Action Program" correspondence and memoranda from fiscal years 1996 to 1999; and correspondence, memoranda, reports, and handbooks related to designing performance and poverty monitoring indicators for PSP and World Bank operations poverty reduction monitoring efforts from 1993 to 1996.

The series also includes records related to PSP's predecessor Education and Social Policy Department (ESP) inherited by PSP/PGP Director Ishrat Husain. This includes correspondence and memoranda related to ESP's planning and compliance to poverty reduction policies outlined in IDA 9 and IDA 10 Agreements dated 1992 and 1993. Additional correspondence and memoranda address the following topics: performance indicators; subnational indicators; and social funds. It also includes records related to the "Program of Targeted Interventions (PTI)" pursued by ESP in 1993. Records detailing procedures of ESP and Human Resources Development and Operations Policy Vice Presidency (HRO) are also included for the years 1992 to 1995, but some PSP correspondences are interfiled after 1996. A speech transcript file consisting of speeches given by ESP and PSP staff, the HROVP, other World Bank unit staff and officials, and Ishrat Husain are also included for the years 1992 to 1996.

This series consists of records from conferences, seminars, symposiums, workshops, and meetings organized or participated in by the Poverty and Social Policy Department (PSP). Some seminars, workshops, and meetings are organized by the specific teams or groups of PSP. Other events are organized in collaboration with NGOs, outside agencies, or other World Bank units. The records include: memoranda; correspondence; agenda and minutes; itineraries; printouts of presentation slides; speech transcripts; articles; programs; brochures; PSP produced reports; external reports; and post event follow-up reports. The events organized solely by PSP or one of its teams or groups contain planning records, such as proposed events, speakers, content, and budget information.

This series includes letters prepared by PSP staff for signature or briefing for the Human Capital Development (HCD) Vice President Armeane M. Choski from May 1996 to October 1996, and letters prepared for World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn from June 1995 to September 1996. The letters are related to the functions and activities of the Poverty and Social Policy Department (PSP).

The series includes business plans, work programs, and budget monitoring records for the PSDVP. PSDVP business plans for fiscal years 2004 to 2006 are included, and consist of budget summary tables and departmental budget proposals. The fonds also consists of work programs that outline the functions and activities of PSDVP and its subordinate departments for the fiscal year 2004. The work program records include: organizational structure compact records that detail the objectives and activities of PSDVP and its units; budget distribution reports; compact deliverables for economic sector work (ESW) for PSDVP units; work program progress tables; and staffing information. The series also consists of numerous types of budget monitoring records, including: monthly monitoring tables for fiscal year 2004; reposting, budget transfer, and reimbursable income reports for fiscal year 2004; cross support budget records; quality assurance budget reports for fiscal years 2005 and 2006; trust fund budget reports; discretionary budget reports; and budget records related to the Investment Climate Survey and Assessment (ICA) program for fiscal year 2004.

The series consists of budget and work program records related to the multiple units and groups of the Private Sector Development Department (PSD) of the Finance, Private Sector Development, and Infrastructure Network (FPSI). Correspondence, memoranda, anchor function reports, cross support reports, business plans, and thematic budget reports are among work program and budget records for the PSD for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Separate budget reports are related to trust fund support for PSD related projects for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Records related to the PSD Consultative Mechanisms Study from 1997 to 1999 are also included, and contain consultant budget records, CVs, and background information on numerous consultants hired by PSD.

The series includes budget monitoring, business plan, and work programs records for: the Private Sector Development Department (PSD); its numerous units; and its successor, the Private Sector Advisory Services (PSAS) in PSIVP. The PSD units were mapped and merged into PSAS in late 1999, which came after the establishment of PSIVP in February 1999. Much of the PSD related records consists of correspondence and memoranda that details the carryover of funding for PSD projects to PSAS, and reorganization and merging of PSD units with other Bank and IFC units. Budget monitoring records for PSD and PSAS include: monthly monitoring tables for fiscal years 2000 to 2003; year-end projections reports; overrun cost reports; quarterly and mid-year review reports; reposting and dispute budget reports; chargeback reports; reimbursable income reports; cross support funding reports; staff budget reports; and discretionary budget reports. European Union trust fund reports and economic sector work (ESW) budget records for PSDrelated projects are also included, and discuss carryover and extension of projects to PSAS of PSIVP. Business plan and work program records for PSD and PSAS are included for fiscal years 2000 to 2003. The business plans and work programs include: staff and consultant information; thematic group activities reports; sector board compacts; Time Reporting System Adjustments and Cross Support Ratio budget reports; PSAS set-up information; and correspondence and memoranda regarding restructuring and reorganization of PSD.

Series contains the chronological files created by Rischard during his time as a project officer in the Industrial Projects Department (NDP/IPD/IND) from 1976 to 1982. The records in this series relate to the various activities of sectoral project officers. Regarding involvement with lending operations, records evidence Rischard's role in multiple projects and countries. Common project types include funding of chemical industries, fertilizer production, and industrial energy conservation and diversification. Specific projects include: P008691 - Tecuci Fertilizer Project (Romania) P006289 - Copesul Petrochemical Project (Brazil) P008710 - Craiova Chemical Project (Romania) P009665 - Gorakhpur Fertilizer Expansion Project (India) P009369 - Ashuganj Fertilizer Project (Bangladesh) and P008639 - Industrial Energy Conservation and Diversification Project (Portugal) Records related to travel logistics and expenses and the exchange of information within the World Bank and with external organizations are also included.

Records primarily consist of correspondence between Rischard and other World Bank staff (in the form of office memoranda and telexes) and official correspondence between Rischard and external individuals, including country representatives. In addition to correspondence, back-to-office reports, Terms of Reference, and reports and studies on industrial sector topics are included.

This series contains files for the earliest projects approved under the World Bank's research program. These particular files are primarily those that were maintained by the managers responsible for directing the projects. Most were directed by staff from departments under the Development Policy Staff (the Development Research Center, the Development Economics Department, the Economic Analysis and Projections Department) and under the Economics and Research Staff (the Economics and Analysis and Projection Department and the Development Research Department), but others were conducted by staff from the sectors or the Regions. The files are in two sections: those that were completed and for which completion reports and evaluations had been filed and those for which the final reports and evaluations had not been filed.

A project file typically contains draft research proposals with comments on the drafts, the formal research proposal submitted on a standardized form, memoranda establishing a review panel to vet the proposal and to convey the decision of the review panel, minutes of the Research Committee meeting at which the proposal was discussed, the Research Committee's decision on the proposal, correspondence with consultants who worked on the project, Back-to-Office reports from missions connected with the project, requests for computer support, requests for additional funding and/or an extension of the research schedule and the Research Committee's decisions regarding those requests, intra-office correspondence of the unit directing the project, a summary of the project results for inclusion in Research News, and possibly a project completion report on a standard form. For most projects, there is a separate folder containing quarterly status reports and possibly also the project completion report. The files in the completed projects section of the series also include evaluation reports. Most of the files for projects under the 672 and 673 series contain only completion reports.

Project files Numbered 671-93 to 671-98 were used for documentation relating to the General Research Advisory Panel (GRAP) and five of the Special Research Advisory Panels. For the official GRAP files, see (add link to series 4031).

Series consists of records created by the industry units carrying out operational work including project lending, technical assistance, economic and sector work, and support to the Regional Vice Presidency units in the manufacturing and mining sectors. Prior to the Bank-wide 1987 reorganization and creation of the Industry and Energy Department (IEN), predecessors including the Industrial Projects Department (NDP, later IPD) formed in the 1972 reorganization operated as a central operating project department (COPD). The Bank's five COPD departments, including IPD, reported to the Central Projects Staff Vice Presidency. These units, which were too small to decentralize, had full responsibility for managing operational activities. This involved providing planning, direction, supervision, and personnel to the Region, as if it were a regional projects division. IPD and its successor, Industry Department (IND, 1982 - 1987) were specifically responsible for identifying, preparing, appraising, and supervising projects involving direct loans or credits to large-scale industrial enterprises. This function is reflected in the volume of Bank project lending records created in this earlier period from the 1960s to the mid-1980s.

Types of records in this series include: internal memoranda and incoming and outgoing letters, cables, telexes and hard copies of electronic messages between industry units, regional staff and other Bank units, government officials, and other external organizations; Terms of Reference (TORs) of studies, missions, and consultants; aide-memoires; back-to-office reports; project cycle documents such as staff appraisal reports, agreement drafts and copies, and President's Reports; consultants' reports; feasibility study reports; project financial statements and projections; balance sheets; minutes of meetings; data tables and statistics on industrial and mining operations or commodities (refinery revenues and costs, production costs, crude prices, consumption, forecast and actual production); handwritten notes; technical specifications documents; Bank and external newsletters; and other externally-authored reference material on countries in support of projects, sector studies, and reviews. Reference materials created and compiled by staff and consultants also consist of manuals and publications or working papers, United Nations reports, and annual reports including many of member country public enterprises. Lastly, there are an undetermined number of geologic and topographic maps (minerals prospect plans or drilling plans), technical drawings (engineering, construction), flow diagrams (plant extraction, production models) and, less commonly, photograph albums or photocopies of images depicting project sites.

Project lending and Economic and Sector Work (ESW)

Records in the series reflect NDP/IPD and successor IND's project identification, preparation, and supervision of investment, structural adjustment, and other development projects that were financed or cofinanced by Bank loans and credits beginning from the late 1960s. The earliest records are government or other externally produced documents and reports that were kept as reference for projects, including a copy of a private sector company incorporation certificate (1949) and a geological survey regarding lignite mining in Sierra Leone (1951). The series includes records relating to completed and dropped projects.

Among the most common projects reflected in the records are manufacturing of iron and steel, wood processing (pulp and paper), fertilizer, cement, and mining of non-fuel minerals (nickel, iron ore, bauxite or aluminum, phosphate) and fuel minerals such as coal and lignite. Project records also relate to exploration and engineering as prerequisites for mining activities and mining safety. Some of the projects containing the largest volume of records in this series include: Industrial Research Development and Engineering Project - Spain (P032983) (1978 - 1982); Nickel Exploration Engineering Project - Burundi (P000182) (1964 - 1985); Oil Shale Engineering Project - Morocco (P005402) (1975 - 1981 and National Mineral Exploration Fund Project - Bolivia (P006134), (1979 - 1989).

Other lending projects represented in the series in lesser volume, relate to chemicals and petrochemicals, refineries, copper, gold, diamond, alcohol, tin, potash, small scale mining, pharmaceuticals, industrial energy conservation, and trade (export diversification).

Related sectors such as energy, transport, and environment are occasionally represented in the project records, as components of a particular project, or through collaboration and information sharing. One such project that generated a large volume of files is the Bukit Asam Mining and Transport Project - Indonesia (P003811) (1970 - 1985). A small volume of records relate to IND's involvement in petroleum exploration in collaboration with the energy sector units that operated alongside IND under the Energy and Industry Vice Presidency (EIS, 1982 - 1987).

Series also contains a small volume of records (1978 - 1993) created and compiled by industry units to produce the ESW analytical reports that helped direct development programs and project lending. These records mostly relate to the mining sector in African countries and include sector studies and review, privatization technical assistance, mining sector rehabilitation, exploration and promotion of mines and metals, and an industrial restructuring strategy review for Hungary (1985 - 1990).

Operational support

The series also contains project-related material created by the Industry and Mining Division (IENIM) and successor units while advising and reviewing development projects and providing technical assistance. Operational support records cover the period from approximately 1987 to 2007. The bulk of the projects were managed in the regional units supported by IENIM. The files contain standard project documents, as well as correspondence and reports generated by IENIM as part of their review function. Numerous files relate to the [Mining Sector Development and Environment Project, Ghana (P000966) (1990 - 2002), Economic Recovery and Investment Promotion Technical Assistance Project - Zambia (P040642) (1982 - 2001), and Mineral Sector Development Technical Assistance Project - Tanzania (P002812) (1985 - 2003). Other projects supported by industry units relate to coal sector adjustment loans, coal and mining sector rehabilitation, mining sector legal and regulatory reform, environmental management capacity building, steel industry restructuring, privatization and private sector development, cement industry modernization, and industry pharmaceuticals. Records also reflect industry and trade policy, and financial, economic and market analysis for industrial products.

A set of records originally identified as "own financed work" contain a combination of project support and sectoral studies (1988 - 2001). The papers and studies were sometimes conducted in conjunction with external agencies and/or consultants and topics include Latin America Mining Study, Hebei China Gas Study, steel industry restructuring, fertilizer sector study, and others.

This series contains the project files for Phase I, 1987-1991 (Project INT/86/033/A/01/42) and part of Phase II, 1991 - 1994 (Project INT/90/036/A/0142) of the joint UNDP/World Bank Trade Expansion Programme (TEP) to provide technical and policy advice to countries that intended to reform their trade regimes. These files were maintained successively by the Trade and Adjustment Policy Division (CPDTA) of the Country Policy Department, the Trade Policy Division (CECTP) of the Country Economics Department, the Trade Policy Division (PRDTP) of the Policy Research Department, and the International Trade Division (IECIT) of the International Economics Department. Jaime de Melo (CECTP) was the original project co-director with Thomas Cox (and later Timothy S. Rothermel) of the Division for Global and Interegional Projects, UNDP. Most of the files concern Phase I of the project and include copies of the formal signed Project Documents for Phase I and Phase II; CECTP staff (Jaime de Melo, Maria Lozos, Vinod Thomas, Oli Havrylshyn, and John Nash) correspondence with Cox, Regional Bank staff, project consultants, and officials in the countries involved in the project; Terms of Reference for project consultants; Back-to-Office reports from CECTP staff and consultants who completed missions in connection with the project; and a copy of the brochure for the project. Documents spanning both Phase I and Phase II include: copies of the 11 Occasional Papers about trade expansion issues written in conjunction with the project; copies of Country Reports chronicling the TEP experience in 16 countries; and summary Country Reports for Morocco, Poland, and Uruguay.

This series includes PREM Poverty Division (PRMPO) and its successor the PREM Poverty Reduction Group (PRMPR) records related to projects supported by trust funds. The series consists of records related to proposed projects funded by numerous trust fund donors, including: the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA); the Bank of Netherlands Partnership Programme (BNPP or Dutch Trust Fund); the World Bank's President Contingency Fund; the Korea Consultant Trust Fund (CTF); and other smaller donors. Records are maintained for SIDA funded projects planned for the fiscal years 2005 to 2009. SIDA records include administration agreement records and set-up documents. BNPP trust fund project records are maintained for the years 1998-2001. Additional proposed project records include records for Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) projects for the years 1998 to 2003. PRSP records include: correspondence between the donors and recipients; Letter of Representation (LOR); reports; records related to the closing and end of date extensions; expense records; and records of hired consultants. Records related to proposed study projects for the Moving Out of Poverty: Understanding Growth, Well-being, and Freedom from the Bottom-up initiative from 2005 to 2007 are also included. The records for these projects consist of: award notification and trust fund set-up documents; amendment documents; request for funds proposals; original project proposals; proposals for overflow funds; reporting records; request for transfer money to trust fund; and BNPP donor correspondence.

The President's Council was established by President Woods in March 1965. Originally composed of the Vice-Presidents, the Economic Adviser to the President, the General Counsel and the Directors of the Information, Administration, and Development Services Departments, the size of the President's Council increased to more than twenty members after the McNamara reorganization of 1972, including the Senior Vice-Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and Department Directors. For discussion of special topics, additional persons attended on an as needed basis.

This series consists of the minutes of the President's Council meetings prepared by the Personal Assistant to the President. It contains occasional notes, drafts and annotations by President McNamara. Minutes of the Council record President McNamara's reports on official trips, meetings or interviews, recommendations, and special assignments, and members' reports on the activities of their sector or department. Issues discussed at the weekly meeting included relations with the Board of Directors, the Annual Meeting, lending and borrowing programs, the IBRD and IFC capital increases, the IDA replenishments, the Third Window, and the work of the Pearson and Brandt Commissions. The organization of the Bank, personnel issues, the status of particular projects, and studies on population control, rural development, urban poverty, health, women or energy were also major topics on the Council's agenda.

Shortly after assuming the Presidency, Barber Conable discontinued the Managing Committee that, during the Clausen years, had provided overall administrative control of the Bank. In its place Conable created an advisory body made up of the Bank Vice Presidents who reported directly to the President (some vice presidents reported to other vice presidents; they were excluded). This body was originally known as the Policy Committee, then renamed the President's Council in May 1988. It advised on policy decisions for consideration by the Executive Directors, on strategic objectives, resource mobilization and allocation, manpower strategies, and other managerial issues. A staff member in the President's office served as the secretary for the Committee/Council.

This series contains the official records of the Council, from May 1987 to July 1991, grouped in two subseries. The files in the first subseries, amounting to 10 linear feet, are the records of the weekly meetings of the Council, including agendas, minutes, reports, and documents discussed. The second subseries, 2 linear feet, is the set of papers distributed to the Council members for background information; the first seven files (of a total of nine) include a list at the beginning of the file providing the title of each document in the file, the originator, and the date. The files include a few pieces of correspondence and a few annotations and comments from Council members.

These records are an essential source for a researcher who wishes to understand the internal discussions in the Bank during the Conable years.

This series consists of the records of meetings of the President's Council that were maintained by Anapum Khanna, Special Assistant to the President. The files contain agendas and minutes of the meetings, Khanna's handwritten notes taken during meetings, talking points for the President, and papers for discussion by the Council. The series is not a complete record of all President's Council meetings for the period covered, and not all records of meetings contain an agenda or minutes.

This series is a useful supplement to the official records of the Council in WB IBRD/IDA EXC-11-32S. Not all of the official records include minutes, and Khanna's handwritten notes may fill in gaps in the official files. Furthermore, this series includes talking points for the President, all of which may not be included in the official files.

Shortly after assuming the Presidency, A. W. Clausen established a Managing Committee to provide overall control of the Bank's administration. This Committee played a central role in the Clausen years and was the principal vehicle through which the President administered the Bank.

Clausen inherited a President's Council that had been created by George Woods in 1965, a larger body than the Managing Committee. The President's Council, renamed the Senior Management Council in 1982, continued to exist, although it met less frequently than it had in the past. A staff member in the President's office served as the secretary for both the Committee and the Council.

This series consists of Clausen's personal files on the Managing Committee and the Senior Management Council. The records include material on organization and procedures of the Committee, its agendas, minutes of the meetings of both the Committee and the Council, and indexes to topics discussed in the Managing Committee. The minutes of the ManagingCommittee cover only 1981-1982 and 1985 through July 1987 when Clausen's term ended; complete copies of the minutes are found in the official records of the Committee. Many items have Clausen's initials and the agendas have his annotations.

Irving Friedman served as the Economic Adviser to the President from 1964 until he left the Bank in 1970. Reporting directly to the President, he commented on virtually all the significant economic issues that confronted the Bank. The series, which Friedman called his Presidential chron files consists principally of Friedman's correspondence with Bank President Robert McNamara, but it also includes some correspondence with other Bank managers and one file on a memorandum from Friedman to President George Woods.

Friedman's 1964 memorandum to Woods is a commentary on an analysis by John C. Bullitt, U.S. Executive Director, of the impact on other funders of an accelerated development assistance effort by the United States Government. The files from 1968-1970 cover topics including the Grand Assize and the Pearson Commission, which were convened to help formulate a new development strategy; population planning; the second IDA replenishment negotiations; supplementary finance and debt rescheduling, among others. Also included are analyses of economic news; some reports of the Economic Committee, which Friedman chaired; reports from program studies units in the Bank; and status reports and briefs on Bank economic activities. The file on McNamara's interview consists of background information assembled for him and suggested answer to questions, particularly on financing for the Bank, borrower indebtedness and the Bank as a development institution. In addition there is one file on a commodity study and one file of minutes and matters outstanding from meetings of the Economics Group Directors, chaired by Friedman, between September 1969 and August 1970.

This series primarily contains briefing memoranda prepared by staff in the Policy Analysis and Review Division (SPRPA) of the Strategic Planning and Review Department. SPRPA was the predecessor to the Review and Analysis Division (PRDRA). The memoranda, which analyze documents to be discussed at an Operations Committee (OC) meeting and propose a position to be taken by the Chief Economist (DECVP), were forwarded to the Chief Economist and, in some cases, also to the Vice President for Sector Policy and Research (PREVP). Most of the items discussed in the briefings are Country Strategy Papers and adjustment loan/credit documents. Included in the series are several agenda for OC meetings and some post-Operations Committee meeting memoranda summarizing the discussion at an OC meeting.

This series includes policy papers prepared by Lamb for conferences and seminars when he served as a research Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex from 1977 to 1979. The papers pre-date his appointment to the World Bank in 1980. The following draft papers are included: Distributive Politics in Tanzania; The Politics of Growth and Distribution: Is a Policy-relevant Analysis Possible?; and Organising for Technology Appropriation: An approach to appropriate technology implementation.

This series includes records related to work programs and working groups Geoffrey Lamb participated in or helped develop as the Adviser for the Policy Development Unit (PRDPD) of the Policy and Review Department (PRD). This includes records related to development and implementation of a work program related to economic policy reform in post-apartheid South Africa from 1990 to 1991. The development and implementation of the work program was done in close collaboration with PRDPD, the Public Sector Management and Private Sector Development Division (CECPS) of the Country Economics Department (CEC) within the Development Economics Vice Presidency (DEC), and the Country Operations Division (AF6CO) of the Africa Regional Vice Presidency (AFR). The records include correspondence and memoranda between Lamb, the Africa Region Vice President (AFRVP) Edward Jaycox, AFC60 staff, and CECPS staff. The records also include: back-to-office reports (BTOs) regarding economic missions in South Africa; extensive academic papers, reports, and newspaper articles produced outside the Bank related to South Africa and its economy; CECPS produced economic policy papers and reports; and meeting minutes and summaries regarding meetings with members of the African National Congress (ANC), and meetings between World Bank President Barber Conable and South African Government Ministers.

The series also includes records related to the Working Group on Military Expenditure in which Lamb participated in 1991. The Working Group was a response to the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) paper Military Expenditure and the Role of the Fund. The Working Group was given the responsibility to assess areas of Bank operations that address issues related to military expenditure, and create a report for the Bank President in preparation for the Joint Annual Meeting of the IMF and World Bank. The working group records include: correspondence and memoranda between the working group members; lists of working group board members; summaries of Fund Board meetings regarding the IMF Military Expenditure paper; summary reports on Bank work related to military expenditure; back-to-office reports (BTOs); meeting minutes of the Executive Director's Board regarding military expenditure; additional background papers and reports related to military expenditure; and letters prepared by Bank President Barber Conable, Senior Vice President of Operations (OPNSV) Moeen Qureshi, and IMF Managing Director Michel Camdessus regarding military expenditure.

This series includes records related to the subject of institutional reform maintained by Geoffrey Lamb when he served as Public Sector Management Adviser for the Public Management Unit (PPDPS) of the Projects Policy Department (PPD). The records include numerous policy papers and reports related to institutional reform, which were produced by PPDPS. Some of the papers and reports are authored by Lamb, including Managing Economic Policy Change: Institutional Dimension published in 1987. Background PPDPS reports on structural adjustment lending and the PPD Tenth Annual Report on Project Implementation and Supervision (1985) are also included.

This series consists of chronological files with incoming and outgoing correspondence from when Masood Ahmed served as the Vice President of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network (PREM). The records are arranged into different types of correspondence files, including: incoming emails from July 1997 to March 1998; outgoing emails from July 1997 to January 1998; chronological files from June 1997 to December 1997; general correspondence from June 1997 to January 1998; and general correspondence-external from February 1998 to December 1998. The chronological files consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence and memoranda with attached reports and handwritten notes related to the activities and communications within PREM, and with other units of the Bank. The general correspondence records are similar to the chronological files, but appear to be duplications and photo static copies of original correspondence. The general external correspondence includes incoming and outgoing correspondence between Ahmed and outside agencies, including communications with other multilateral institutions, NGOs, and private sector institutions. External reports and articles are also included.

This series contains memoranda prepared by staff in the Review and Analysis Division (PRDRA) of the Policy and Review Department and its predecessor, the Policy Analysis and Review Division (SPRPA) of the Strategic Planning and Review Department. The memoranda summarize discussions in meetings of the Operations Committee (OC) that were of interest to the Policy, Research and External Affairs (PRE) staff. The memoranda were written to the files and copies were sent to the Chief Economist and to the headsof other Policy, Research and External Affairs units. Most of the memoranda are post-meeting memos that summarize the OC's discussion on a particular topic, but scattered throughout the series are several pre-meeting briefing memoranda that analyze the document that is to be the topic of discussion at the next OC meeting. One such pre-meeting memorandum, dated April 11, 1990, was sent to Ajay Chhibber in preparation for his briefing for the Chief Economist.

Series consists of chronological files created during Chernick's time as Division Chief, Senior Advisor, and Acting Director of the Policy, Planning and Program Review Department (PPPRD) between 1972 and 1982. Chronological files contain correspondence in different formats; carbon copies of correspondence sent by Chernick are the most common, while paper copies and telexes are also included. The amount of outgoing correspondence, authored by Chernick, is far more substantial than correspondence received byChernick. While much of the correspondence refers to attachments (reports, country program papers [CPPs], meeting minutes, etc.), very few are included in the files.

Records related to Chernick's role as Division Chief of PPPRD's Program Review Division (PPRPR) from 1973 to 1976 are numerous. The Division's primary roles were to provide guidelines for economic analysis in economic reports and country programs and review CPPs before their submission to the President in order to ensure quality and consistency with the Bank's development objectives. CPPs are confidential reports authored by the regional departments, usually on an annual basis. They include a discussion of a given country's political and economic situation and a history of the Bank's loans and external financing and on that basis propose a five-year lending program for the country. Other, special studies (usually discussing a specific sector within a country or a general development issue) and economic reports were also reviewed by the PPPRD. Chernick's role was to manage his Division's review of CPPs and to arrange Regional Vice Presidents (RVP) meetings and Management Review meetings. As such, correspondence includes: assignment of reviews; schedule of review meetings; discussion of reviews; and policy development and explanation.

Series also consists of correspondence relating to the development and revision of Operational Manual Statements (OMSs). Assignment of tasks related to OMSs is included as are a small amount of OMS drafts and comments on drafts.

Records related to a Working Group on Bank/Fund Collaboration are found in this series. This includes Bank President McNamara's initial request for a report. Chernick's role in the research and writing of this report is unclear; he is copied on related correspondence and drafts were sent to him for review.

Chernick played a significant role in the Development Committee between 1980 and 1982. Created in 1974, the Committee was designed to provide a focal point at a high political level in the structure of economic cooperation for the formation of a comprehensive overview of international activities in the development area, for efficient and prompt consideration of development issues and for coordination of international efforts to deal with problems of financing development. Drafts of Committee meeting agendas are included; in some cases, these drafts are sent from Chernick, as Acting Director of PPPRD, to Bank President McNamara. Correspondence related to scheduling and Committee reviews and projects is also included.

Records in this series relate to a variety of other topics and activities, including: staff hiring and reviews; staff meetings; mission planning; work programs; conference participation and planning; and policy development related to Structural Adjustment Loans (SALs). Also included are: regular summaries of Board meetings authored by Chernick for Hollis Chenery, Vice President of Development Policy (DPS); ad hoc reports and reviews created by Chernick or his staff for superiors within the Development Policy Vice Presidency (DPS) and externally; comments on reports; and a small amount of correspondence related to the research and publication of Chernick's book The Commonwealth Caribbean: The Integration Experience (1978).

These Policy Review Committee (PRC) records were maintained by the Senior Adviser whose title became in April 1974 Director, Development Policy, positions held by Ernest Stern from 1971 to September 1975; by Attila Karaosmanoglu from October 1975 to June 1979; and by E. Bevin Waide from July 1979 to 1982. A file typically contains a copy of a policy document or issues paper; minutes of the PRC staff review meeting and/or the PRC meeting at which the paper was discussed; and often background materials documenting the development of a policy paper before it reached the PRC including: comments on the draft paper from Development Policy staff and staff throughout the Bank, copies of memoranda between the Director, Development Policy and President McNamara and VPD Chenery, intra Development Policy Staff correspondence, and copies of Back-to-Office Reports forwarded to Stern or Karaosmanoglu.