Shortly after assuming the presidency, Barber Conable discontinued the Managing Committee that, during the Clausen years, had provided overall administrative control of the World Bank Group. In its place, Conable created an advisory body made up of the Bank Group vice presidents who reported directly to the president (some vice presidents reported to other vice presidents; they were excluded). This body was originally known as the Policy Committee, then renamed the President's Council in May 1988. It advised on policy decisions for consideration by the Board of Executive Directors, on strategic objectives, resource mobilization and allocation, workforce strategies, and other managerial and operational policy issues. A staff member in the president's office served as the secretary for the committee/council.

This series contains the official records of the council, from May 1987 to July 1991, grouped in two subseries. The files in the first subseries, amounting to 10 linear feet, are the records of the weekly meetings of the council, including agendas, minutes and other committee minutes, memoranda, talking points, internal working papers and reports (including Board papers), country strategy notes, operational directives, speeches, press releases and clippings, and other documents discussed. The second subseries, 2 linear feet, is the set of papers distributed to the council members for background information; the first seven files (of a total of nine) include a list at the beginning of the file providing the title of each document in the file, the originator, and the date. The files include a few pieces of correspondence and a few annotations and comments from council members.

These records document internal deliberations within the Bank Group during the Conable era, covering a wide spectrum of topics. Discussion topics relate to country strategy papers, lending activities (resumption of lending to countries, loan prepayment fee policy, impact on the Bank Group's net income, lending guidelines for tobacco), experience with adjustment lending,operations strategy in heavily indebted middle income countries, private sector development, a proposed AIDS program for Africa, the preparation of the Annual Portfolio Review, and approaches to budget. Discussions also concern IDA-9 negotiations, IFC capital increase, implications of the Montreal Protocol for the Bank Group and involvement in the Global Environment Facility, development of committees and working groups (private sector development working group, task forces on poverty and technical assistance review), the Bank Group's environmental policy and position including revamping the Tropical Forestry Action Plan, a pilot cooperation program for the Brazilian rainforest, Development Committee work and reports, World Bank Group history project, management of records, information disclosure, information management and technology strategy, relations with the Bank Group's Staff Association, internal audit program, and staffing and compensation matters.

Series contains subject files created and maintained during Qureshi's career in the World Bank Group (WBG). Although the files are most voluminous for the period during which Qureshi was the Bank's Senior Vice President for Operations, 1987 to 1991, the series also includes records accumulated while Qureshi served in his various capacities at the international Finance Corporation (IFC), through his tenure as Senior Vice President of Finance, 1981 to 1987. Subject files also contain some reproductions of earlier publications and documents within the files dating from 1945.

Records include outgoing memoranda, letters, draft loan issuances, minutes, copies of Qureshi's speeches and articles, press releases and clippings, Qureshi's handwritten notes and comments, and occasionally externally-authored papers and reports. Several of the files contain Board papers presented to Executive Directors regarding a given topic.

Subject file topics include: debt; debt reduction; lending programs; Bank capital increases; co-financing; International Development Association (IDA) replenishments; overdue service payments; economic and social sectors; development of operations policy; Operations Evaluation Department (OED) project performance results; technical assistance; relations with China; relations with the Palestinian Liberation Front; currency pooling; special drawing rights; the Persian Gulf crisis; private sector development; women in development; and cooperation with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations (UN). Administrative topics include: budget issues, processes, and guidelines; Operations staffing, budget, and business planning; IT support; and managers' retreats.

This series consists of the memoranda, letters, and other materials sent and received by W. David Hopper during his tenure as Senior Vice President for Policy, Planning and Research (PPRSV) and Wilfried Thalwitz during his tenure as Senior Vice President for Policy, Research and External Affairs (PRESV).

Hopper's correspondence dates from June 1987 to November 1989 and is with both internal and external individuals and organizations. External correspondence is with country officials, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academic and research institutions, bilateral and multilateral development organizations, and others. Internal correspondence is with staff from units overseen by PPRSV as well as other WBG units. Notably, a significant portion of incoming correspondence is addressed to World Bank Group (WBG) President Barber Conable and was subsequently forwarded to PPRSV for response.

Key topics and activities discussed in the correspondence include:

• Poverty and family planning programs, with a focus on women

• The WBG's new environmental initiative, including both appreciation and criticism of its environmental role, especially regarding rain forests and indigenous peoples (notably, this includes discussion and staffing of the new Environment Department [ENV] in the Sector Policy and Research Vice Presidency [PREVP], which reported to PPRSV)

• Agricultural development, including genetic research and the application of developmental agriculture in Africa

• Administrative details relating to PPRSV

• The Bank-wide reorganization of 1987

• Review of work by vice presidencies and departments reporting to PPRSV

• Internal and external information sharing

• The WBG budget process

Records relating to hiring solicitations and conference participation are also included.

The series also contains a small amount of correspondence sent and received by Hopper in his capacity as chairman of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and the Special Program for African Agricultural Research.

The Thalwitz correspondence dates from November 1989 to May 1991; note that correspondence from June 1991 to the end of his tenure as PRESV in November 1991 is not included. The correspondence primarily consists of outgoing correspondence and is with institutions and individuals both external to and within the WBG. Correspondence to non-WBG recipients typically consists of responses to invitations for conferences and meetings organized by other international development organizations and researchinstitutes. Internal memoranda are largely addressed to President Conable, Operations Senior Vice President Moeen Qureshi, and senior managers within the PRE complex.

Subjects covered in Thalwitz's correspondence include: environmental issues with emphasis on tropical forests and the Tropical Forest Action Plan (TFAP); private sector development; preparations for the Soviet Union's membership in the World Bank; gender and development; and the Energy Strategy Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). Records reflect engagement with external groups and organizations including the United Nations, the Uruguay Round, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Community, NGOs, and the Development Committee. Meeting briefs and reviews of PRESV research reports and policy papers are also included. Administrative matters discussed in the correspondence include budget allocations, business plans, work programs, personnel and compensation, and the McNamara Scholarship Fund.

A small amount of correspondence sent and received by Thalwitz as chairman of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is also included.

This series primarily consists of subject files collected and maintained during Wilfried Thalwitz's tenure as Senior Vice President for Policy, Research, and External Affairs (PRESV) from 1990 and 1991. A smaller amount of subject files were created during W. David Hopper's time as Senior Vice President for Policy, Planning and Research (PPRSV) from 1987 to 1989. Additionally, a portion of the records relating to the Soviet Union and the Joint Study of the Soviet Economy (JSSE) were created and maintained by John A. Holsen in his capacity as Joint Study team leader. Records include memoranda, telexes, letters, journal articles, committee records, Board of Director meeting records, budget information, personnel records, and reports.

The series consists of records relating to the PRESV oversight of each of the vice presidencies and departments that comprised the PRESV complex, especially the Development Economics Vice Presidency (DEC) and the External Affairs Department (EXT). These records primarily consistof correspondence with vice presidents and directors reporting to Wilfried Thalwitz as PRESV.

Records also relate to a variety of diverse topics, including: World Bank Group (WBG) support for the creation of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD; includes Ibrahim F. I. Shihata's report The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development: A Comparative Analysis of the Constituent Agreement); private sector development; the International Finance Corporation (IFC); the Gulf crisis; PRESV retreats; the Tropical Forestry Action Plan (TFAP); and the World Development Report (WDR).

Correspondence, reports, and meeting materials relating to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) are included in this series. Records date from November 1990 to November 1991 and relate to the Facility's initial financing agreements, operational policies, and project identification.

The series also includes records dating from October to December 1989 relating to a "fine-tuning" of the 1987 Bank-wide reorganization that was initiated by President Conable in the fall of 1989. The implications of this exercise for PPRSV are discussed extensively, as are changes in other Bank units. Records include correspondence, proposals, drafts, meeting materials, and staff lists.

This series also includes subject files related to Thalwitz's work as chairman of the Budget Process Task Force. The task force was created by President Conable in April 1989 to "enhance the transparency, simplicity, and effectiveness of budget practices in the Bank." Records date from April to November 1989 and include correspondence between Thalwitz and Conable, communication with task force members, meeting materials, draft reports, the final report submitted to Conable, and related materials.

Records relating to the WBG's work with the Soviet Union in 1990 and 1991 are also included in this series. The majority of these records date from the latter half of 1990 and relate to the WBG's contribution to the 1990 Joint Study of the Soviet Economy (JSSE). The JSSE was undertaken in collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The JSSE's final report was published in 1991. Records consist of: chronological files; minutes and notes of meetings with Soviet officials and personal representatives of joint study organizations; mission logistics and administrative documents; draft contributions to reports; reference material; press reports; and the final report. A smaller amount of records relating to the WBG's technical assistance program's engagement with the Soviet Union is also included.

Series contains records created and maintained by the front office of the Transportation Department (TPD), successor offices, and divisions. The records relate to managing transportation research, policy, sector program work, oversight and business planning, and collaboration with external institutions.

Types of records comprising the series include: internal memoranda sent or received by Bank transport directors, senior advisers, sector staff, and staff from other Bank units including its superior, Operations Policy Vice Presidency (OSPVP) and regional units; letters with external organizations; internal and external reports; drafts and published articles and working paper; proposals; minutes and meeting notes; Board papers; handwritten notes; newsletters; and external brochures and publications.

The earliest material in the series dating from 1969 and the early 1970s relates to highways, transport regulation, aviation, and railway subsectors. Railway sector information is organized by country including European countries and developing countries.

Many records relate to transport sector projects and sector work. There are memoranda and reports about the transport sector support strategy paper by the Transport and Water Department (TWD) in 1983 and operational reviews of the Bank's transport sector work in the late 1980s. Correspondence and reports relate to urban transport, traffic simulation, transport pricing, construction industry, generalized road roughness index for worldwide use, road roughness measurement and application in Australia, traffic flow theory, and rural road user costs; some of these reports are country-focused. Files related to research include a paper presented by Director Christopher Willoughby on Transport Research in Developing Countries, discussion paper "Transportation Research at the World Bank: Opportunities for Collaboration," and memoranda discussing transport research program, future needs, impact on Bank policies and operation, and TRP strategy objectives.

Other topics covered are project success cases, transport project completion reports (e.g., Nepal Second Highway Project - P010112, Yugoslavia Fifth Railway Project -P009180), project implementation reviews and performance audit reports (PPARs), involuntary resettlement in Bank-financed transportation projects,structural adjustment lending (SAL) operational features paper, comments on Operations Evaluation Department (OED) annual review of PPAR transportation chapter and lessons learned from PPAR review, and other matters. Four volumes of problem project reviews are mostly copies of memoranda between regional vice presidents (RVPs) and senior vice president (SVP), Operations (SVP), or regional unit staff with copy to the transport sector unit director. These volumes pertain to railway projects, inland waterways,and various other sector projects.

There are also correspondence, reports, publications, and other records that relate to the Bank's liaison with external organizations in the transport sector, primarily through Senior Adviser Vincent Hogg. Organizations include the International Maritime Organization, International Road Federation, International Road Transport Union, national research institutions and others. Records pertain to conferences or annual meetings about transport policies, research about transportation systems, and other collaborative activities.

Records in the series also relate to the sector's business plans, work programs, and budgets, and transport sector units' comments and responses to several Bank-wide initiatives including organization manual statement on Bank financing of recurrent costs, SAL, and SAL procedures. Some files contain widely distributed information about Bank sector departments' initiatives and collaboration with other sectors and Bank departments such as environment and Economic Development Institute (EDI). In terms of environment, the records concern drafting environmental guidelines for port and harbor projects, training course, environmental procedures in Bank operations, and comments on key environment papers.

Series consists of records maintained by Bock related to formulating and monitoring unit budgets and work program planning. The records cover the period during which he was director of the following departments: Financial Policy and Analysis (FPADR), Debt Management & Financial Services (DFS), and Operations Staff, Office of the Senior Vice President, Operations (OPNSV).

Records include memoranda between Bock and units reporting to him, and the Bank's budget units. Also included are budget submissions, data tables, and reports including a retrospective review of Fiscal Year 1991. A single file relates to program coordinators meetings.

This series contains subject file records maintained by Bock during his tenure from 1983 to 1991 as director of the following departments: Financial Policy and Analysis (FPADR); Debt Management & Financial Services (DFS) and its successor, the Cofinancing and Financial Advisory Services (CFS); and Operations Staff, Office of the Senior Vice President, Operations (OPNSV).

Records included in the series are memoranda between Bock's subordinate units and several other Bank departments, letters and facsimiles exchanged with representatives of multilateral development institutions and other external organizations, agenda and minutes of meetings, Board papers, internal working papers authored by Bank staff, handwritten notes, speeches, and external reports.

Topics from Bock's financial policy, analysis, and advisory work in the 1980s include: IDA replenishment negotiation, IBRD capital increases, borrowing requirements and prospects, currency swaps, debt-for-nature swaps, financial technical assistance, coordination with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Group affiliates; cofinancing and collaboration with external partners including Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and Group of Ten (G10) and other intergovernmental meetings. Also included are records dated 1983 to 1986 concerning the Future Role of the Bank initiative including a task force chaired by Bock that addressed resource implications and lending prospects.

A large portion of records in the series concern external debt issues including debt reduction efforts to assist developing countries, debt studies, eligibility criteria, allocation approaches and impacts on Bank exposure, Debt Task Force, use of the IDA Special Facility for Debt Reduction, and the Bank's support to the Brady Plan introduced by then-US Secretary of the Treasury Nicholas Brady in March 1989. Bock met with US Treasury Department and commercial bank officials on behalf of the Bank during the Brady Plan's implementation that are reflected in this series.

Many records also relate to the Bank's response to the Persian Gulf War and oil price crisis in the early 1990s. The conflict had significant economic implications for countries in the region, and the files in this series relate to Bank assistance to the affected countries, and cost sharing discussions between development partners. Records include correspondence, briefings, minutes of the Gulf Crisis Financial Coordination Group of bilateral and multilateral members, and collaboration withIMF, particularly in preparation of a paper, "Coordination of Development Assistance in the Middle East Region" requested by the Gulf Crisis Financial Coordination Group.

The series also comprises records documenting Bock's diverse activities in OPNSV such as involvement in the Operations Committee, Lending Allocation Review Group, World Bank Group's private sector development initiatives, technical assistance program and Technical Assistance Review Task Force, environment and environmental impact assessments process, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) development, 1991 Bank reorganization, and seminars and conferences Bock attended or presented at, including the Global Finance Forum.

Series contains chronological correspondence and memoranda created and received by David R. Bock in his position as Director, Operations Staff in the Office of the Senior Vice President, Operations (OPNSV), covering the period from April 1990 to July 1991. Certain correspondence was drafted by Bock to be sent by Senior Vice President, Operations Moeen Qureshi.

Outgoing memoranda is addressed to operations vice presidency and regional staff, Office of the President (EXC), and other Bank departments.

Subjects addressed include country lending operations, operational policy and procedure, analysis of current initiatives, collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other multilateral development partners. Administrative topics include operations budget, staffing, corporate business planning and initiatives, and information technology support.

The series also includes a file dating 1987 to 1991 that contains correspondence and attachments pertaining to Bock's travel logistics, expenses, and claims while in OPNSV and previous units.

Series consists of chronological correspondence created and received by Bock while he served as director of the Cofinancing and Financial Advisory Services Department (CFS).

Records in this series are primarily memoranda between CFS staff and management, regional unit staff, and other Bank departments such as Financial Policy and Risk Management Vice Presidency (FPRM). Topics include Bank financial policy and planning, cofinancing operations, debt issues, and departmental budget monitoring and staffing.

The series consist of records maintained by OSPVP Director David Bock. The records include sector policy papers focused on numerous topics, including privatization, housing policy, family planning, water, power, industry, poverty monitoring, development effectiveness, and other topics. The policy paper records include: copies of policy papers; attached memoranda; and Bock's handwritten annotations related to policy drafts. Bock's records also focus on the creation, management, and budget of OSPVP. This includes: records regarding roles and procedures of OSPVP; cross support budget and mid-year review budget records; and records related to OSPVP retreats.

Series consists of chronological correspondence sent and received by Gautam Kaji while serving as Managing Director of the World Bank. Series broadly consists of three chronologically parallel parts: general correspondence; correspondence authored by Kaji and Managing Director Koch-Weser; and correspondence between Kaji and World Bank President Wolfensohn.

General correspondence records date from December 1994 when Kaji assumed the position of Managing Director and November 1997 when he retired from the Bank. Files are generally divided into two sections. The first section includes internal Bank correspondence. The most common records in this group are those relating to Kaji's role as Chairman of the Loan Committee and its successor, the Operations Committee. These records include reports on potential projects, materials related to regular Operations Committee meetings, and Kaji's comments on draft Country Assistance Strategies. Other topics discussed in the records of this series include: performance monitoring indicators and performance standards; guarantees in private sector investment in IDA countries and the World Bank Guarantee Program; World Debt Tables; the Bank-wide reorganization of 1997; conference attendance; planning and review of Bank program and budget; and operations and business policy development, review, and dissemination. Records include: drafts of Kaji's publications; Kaji's speeches; personal correspondence; meeting notices; memoranda to the Executive Directors; operations review reports; and Quarterly Reports on Pending Tranche Releases of Adjustment Operations. The second and smaller section of records includes correspondence from, and responses to, external parties. Topics of this correspondence are wide ranging but generally discuss East Asia operations and sector research.

The second part of the series includes correspondence authored jointly by Kaji and Managing Director Caio K. Koch-Weser from December 1995 to November 1997. Together, Kaji and Koch-Weser were responsible for Bank operations. Records discuss a variety of topics related to operations, including an increasingly results-driven approach to project implementation and evaluation as well as the need for simplification of operational procedures and reporting. Correspondence, which is most often between Kaji and Koch-Weser and regional Vice Presidents, discuss portfolio management, disbursements, completion reports, Country Assistance Strategies, and economic and sector work. Staffing related to the 1997 reorganization and the launch of the Bank's new network organization are also discussed.

The third part of the series includes correspondence with attachments between Kaji and Bank President James Wolfensohn from March 1995 to November 1997. Correspondence consists of copies of correspondence and attachments authored by Kaji and sent to Wolfensohn as well as Wolfensohn's incoming and outgoing correspondence from others which was then forwarded to Kaji. Correspondence serves a variety of purposes: information dissemination; briefing for Wolfensohn's meetings; answering Wolfensohn's requests for information; authoring correspondence for Wolfensohn; and submitting reports, announcement, and correspondence for Wolfensohn's approval.

This series contains copies of incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, and emails from the office of Managing Director Caio Koch-Weser. In addition to correspondence directly to or from Koch-Weser, the series includes copies of correspondence to World Bank Group President James D. Wolfensohn forwarded to Koch-Weser for action or reference; notes from Wolfensohn to vice presidents with annotations by Koch-Weser; memoranda jointly authored by Koch-Weser and Managing Director Sven Sandstrom to World Bank vice presidents and managers; and meeting notes. The series includes communications with both internal and external correspondents.

The bulk of the materials are in English. Some items in German include an attached English-language translation or summary.

This series consists of subject files maintained by Caio Koch-Weser during his tenure as managing director, operations. Many files concern individual countries within the Bank regional vice presidencies for which Koch-Weser was responsible: Europe and Central Asia (ECA), the Middle East and North Africa (MNA), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and South Asia (SAR). These country files include items such as briefing materials and meeting minutes with country officials; Country Assistance Strategies; and correspondence and other documents on particular Bank-funded projects.

Other topics in this series include social development, sustainable development, a 1995 "Reform Working Group" about change management within the World Bank Group, and the implementation of the Comprehensive Development Framework in 1999. Also included is one file of chronological notes and memoranda from Koch-Weser's executive assistant, Vorapaktra "Lek" Yongpradit.

This series consists of subject files and briefing books from when Jessica P. Einhorn served as Managing Director, Finance and Resource Mobilization (MDFMD), from January 1996 to August 1998. The series includes files started before Einhorn's transition to MDFMD, such as a current events briefing book of financial reports (1992-1996), files on meetings of senior finance managers (1992-1998), and a collection of Einhorn's speeches (1982-1998).

Subject files in this series relate to topics such as: financial accounting issues; reports by the Internal Auditing Department (IAD); letters of representation for financial audits of the Bank; the eleventh replenishment of the International Development Association (IDA11); membership and financing for Bosnia and Herzegovina; and a "glass ceiling panel" about the gender imbalance in senior business leadership, including at the Bank. Briefing books cover issues such as allocation of net income and review of single-currency loans (SCL) and currency pool loans.

"Foundation files" relating to the World Bank Group's efforts to build partnerships with charitable foundations and foundation-like organizations (FLOs) contain briefing books, memoranda, discussion papers, and quarterly reports. Organizations referenced include the Rockefeller Foundation, Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation), Ford Foundation, Carnegie Corporation, MacArthur Foundation, and Getty Trust.

This series includes subject and activity files collected by Jessica P. Einhorn while serving in the Office of the Vice President and Treasurer (TREVP, 1981-1986, 1991-1995) and the Financial Operations Department (FOD, 1987-1991). Included are some files likely created by Einhorn's TREVP colleagues and predecessors, notably Vice President and Treasurer Eugene H. Rotberg.

Topics discussed in subject files from the 1970s and 1980s include: a proposal for a "World Bank's Bank" to increase IBRD lending and raise funds from commercial banks; the Financial Policy and Analysis Department (FPA); asset management; debt prepayment; special drawing rights; U.S. Treasury policy; and innovative financial transactions. Subject files from Einhorn's tenure as Vice President and Treasurer (1991-1995) cover topics such as: policy issues in international bond market access and liability management; proposed borrowing transactions; the Government Borrowers Forum; and monitoring reports on audits.

This series consists of chronological correspondence from when Jessica P. Einhorn served as Managing Director, Finance and Resource Mobilization (MDFMD), from January 1996 to August 1998. The records include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, notes, and emails. The bulk of the records are communications to or from internal World Bank units and staff. Subjects covered include financial administration, operations, risks, and strategy.

Some correspondence is between Einhorn and other senior World Bank officials, including President James D. Wolfensohn, fellow Managing Directors such as Sven Sandstrom and Caio Koch-Weser, and Executive Directors of the Bank. Included is one folder of personalized notes and annotated documents for Einhorn from President Wolfensohn, dating from 1995 to 1997, and from Managing Director Ernest Stern, dating from 1992 to 1994.

The series consists of records created and received by Stern while serving as Managing Director from December 1991 until his retirement in 1995. The majority of the records are chronological files containing outgoing memoranda, letters, reports, and handwritten notes addressed to his fellow Managing Directors Atilla Karaosmanoglu and Sven Sandstrom, President Lewis Preston, Regional Vice Presidents, and other senior managers. The files cover issues including: Loan Committee proceedings for which Stern served as Chairman; Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) food security, staffing, and other matters; initiation and status of country loans; country debt; planning and review of Bank program and budget; recruitment; and comments contributing to internal papers and strategy discussions. Other external correspondents include senior government officials, academic institutions, and private sector executives. Series also contains a small portion of files relating to lending operations and portfolio management, Lending Allocation Review (LAR) guidelines, Policy Review Committee guidelines, and Country Strategy Assistance Program guidelines.

This series consists of two files related to academic seminars, professional conferences, and World Bank corporate training events that Frank participated in. For most of the seminars, Frank delivered a presentation himself as a guest speaker or contributed written material for discussion. Seminar topics include agribusiness, international food delivery, and Bank operations. Several agribusiness seminars were part of the Harvard Business School executive education program. The file of speeches contains Frank's prepared remarks for an international capital markets seminar on International Finance Corporation risk management, notes for a presentation at Nikko Securities in Tokyo about investment in emerging markets, and remarks to a conference of bankers in Colombia about Colombian financiers (financieras).

This series contains subject files created and maintained during Frank's career in the World Bank Group. Most of the files come from the period during which Frank was a managing director of the Bank, 1995 to 1997. The series also includes records assembled while Frank served in his various capacities at the International Finance Corporation (IFC), 1979 to 1995, including his work with the Planning, Budget, and Analysis Department (PBA), and as IFC Vice President, Finance and Planning (CFPVP). One file contains a photocopy of a thesis originally published in 1965.

File date ranges indicate when the original materials were created, not necessarily the dates of duplication or use. In many cases, particularly while serving as managing director, Frank retained or acquired older documents for reference on a subject.

File titles reflect original groupings of records. Liaison files relate to Frank's work as chairman of the Private Sector Development (PSD) Group to foster cooperation across the World Bank Group on PSD issues. Files labeled "significant issues" contain records about specific topics central to Frank's work. Many individual "informational files" contain materials on multiple unrelated topics.

Subject file topics include: private sector development (PSD); the Multilateral Guarantee Investment Agency (MIGA); IFC market borrowing; guarantees; individual corporations such as Corporacion Financiera del Valle, Enron, Freeport, and the Institute of International Finance; multilateral development banks; the Bank Group's Strategic Compact; and various conferences and meetings that Frank attended. Materials include memoranda, internal and external correspondence, minutes, notes, discussion papers, draft and final reports, and presentation documents.

This series consists of chronological correspondence, memoranda, emails, and attachments from when Frank served as managing director and chairman, Private Sector Development (PSD) Group, 1995 to 1997, plus one folder of congratulatory messages to Frank beginning in November 1994 upon the news of his appointment.

Topics in this series include the overall PSD strategy across the Bank Group, in coordination with the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); PSD policy coordination within the Bank Group; Country Assistance Strategies that include Private Sector Strategies; support for "multi-institutional" projects that involve the World Bank, IFC, and MIGA; and lending to large countries and state-owned enterprises.

Among the Bank Group correspondents are senior officials such as President James D. Wolfensohn; MIGA Executive Director Akira Iida; IFC Executive Director Jannik Lindbaek; the Bank's executive directors; and Frank's fellow managing directors, particularly Gautam Kaji and Sven Sandstrom. External recipients include leaders of international businesses, business groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and development banks.

The series consists of two overlapping sets of correspondence. The chronological files contain mostly copies of Frank's outgoing general correspondence to internal and external recipients. Copies of correspondence to the President's Office are included in the chronological files and duplicated in a separate group of files in this series labeled "correspondence to the President's Office or signed by the President's Office." Similarly, one file of correspondence with Frank's fellow managing directors contains copies of items that may be duplicated in the chronological files.

Included in the series is one file of "Minutes of President's Meetings," which contains information about meetings in 1995 involving managing directors and regional and central vice presidents. Some are records of meetings held between February and May 1995, while President Lewis T. Preston was on leave and the Bank's managing directors took turns in the role of president-designate. Other minutes in this file relate to meetings led by President Wolfensohn from June to August 1995.

The series consists of chronological correspondence, memoranda, and attachments that Frank created or received during his various positions at the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The bulk of the files relate to Frank's work as vice president, IFC Finance and Planning, a position he held from 1987 to 1995. Topics include IFC budgets, accounting, treasury operations, financial planning, and corporate planning.

Series contains Qureshi's correspondence with Bank Presidents Robert S. McNamara, Alden W. Clausen, and Barber Conable beginning when Qureshi was both Executive Vice President of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Vice President Finance, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) in 1979 to his retirement in 1991 as Senior Vice President for Operations.

Although Qureshi maintained this correspondence in a single chronological series, the nature of the files changes somewhatwith each president. Records from the McNamara era, 1979-1981, include: copies of notes and memoranda sent by or through Qureshi to McNamara; copies of letters forwarded by Qureshi to McNamara for his signature; letters forwarded to McNamara by others and copied to Qureshi; copies of letters and memoranda McNamara sent to others and copied to Qureshi; and memoranda "to the files" summarizing important meetings that McNamara held with others and that Qureshi attended as an observer and/or recorder. Many of Quresh's memoranda to McNamara were returned with extensive handwritten comments and/or replies from McNamara. In many cases, a typed version of McNamara's handwritten comments is also attached to the incoming correspondence.

Records from the Clausen era, 1981-1986, primarily consist of: copies of letters Clausen sent to others and copied to Qureshi; copies of memoranda and notes sent by or through Qureshi to Clausen; and copies of letters Qureshi and his staff prepared for Clausen's signature.

Topics covered in the files during the McNamara and Conable presidencies include (but are not limited to): draft Board papers; Bank borrowing operations; World Bank capital increases; International Development Association (IDA) replenishments; currency management; fiscal projections and monthly financial reports; work program and budget; and staffing requirements and personnel matters.

Records from the Conable era, 1986-1991, include: copies of letters Conable sent to others and copied to Qureshi; copies of memoranda and notes sent by or through Qureshi to Conable; and copies of correspondence Qureshi and his staff prepared for Conable's signature. None of Qureshi's correspondence to Conable were returned with the President's comments. Memoranda and notes that Conable sent directly to Qureshi are filed in Qureshi's subject files.

Most of the correspondence from Conable's era was sent when Qureshi was Senior Vice President for Operations (SVPOP) beginning in 1987. Correspondence covers subjects including: debt; Special Action Program for African countries; International Development Association (IDA) allocations; country lending and emergency situations; and adjustment lending and operations.

The series also contains an index of all of Qureshi's correspondence, 1979-1991, indicating the date, subject, and occasionally, the type of correspondence.

Series contains copies of of World Bank/International Finance Corporation/International Development Association (IBRD/IFC/IDA) Administrative Circulars from 1973 to 1985 and For Your Information (FYI) announcements from 1986 to 1991 collected by Moeen Qureshi. The collection was added to from a complementary set in the Archives up to 1993. Administrative Circulars were circulated Bank-wide, and provided announcements of senior staff appointments, organizational and procedural changes, and Bank-wide initiatives. As of 1986, the circulars were renamed For Your Information. The frequency of the announcements varied from week to week.

Series consists of Moeen Qureshi's set of Country Strategy Papers (CSP) and Country Strategy Notes (CSN), and their predecessor, Country Program Papers (CPP). While Qureshi was both Executive Vice President of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development's (IBRD) Vice President of Finance from 1979 to 1980 through his tenure as Senior Vice President, Finance (SVPFI, 1981-1987), the papers were copied to him for his information. The CPPs and CSPs map out the Bank's assistance strategy for a country and were submitted by the Regional Vice Presidencies (RVPs) to the Operations Committee (OC) or the Operations Policy Committee (OPC) for review and approval. Most of Qureshi's files contain copies of the postscripts, which summarize the action taken by the OC, the OPC, or the OPNSV, together with the CPP or CSP, and copies of memoranda to the Senior Vice President for Operations (SVPOP). In a few instances, the country papers maintained when Qureshi was Vice President then Senior Vice President of Finance include attached typewritten notes. The notes were addressed to Qureshi from IBRD/IFC senior staff or were prepared by Qureshi, to provide additional economic information or insight on the country. Some of the files created when Qureshi was SVPOP beginning in 1987 also contain original memos and both review drafts and final versions of CSPs. The few earliest files, from 1974 to 1977, were maintained by Qureshi's IFC predecessor, Ladislaus Von Hoffman.

This series contains records from the Urban Unit of the Finance, Economics and Urban Department (FEUUR) and its predecessors, relating to economic and sector work, as well as projects managed by regional vice presidencies. Record formats include, but are not limited to, internal research working papers, discussion papers, general operational reviews and annual urban sector portfolio review reports, manuals and handbooks, copies of articles, Terms of Reference, agenda and list of participants, briefing notes and correspondence for senior management signature, presentation slide hard copies, publication lists.

The topics covered in these records are both general and country-specific and include urban and housing policy, public investment and expenditures, monitoring and evaluating urban development programs, land use, urban property taxation, rent control, shelter and housing, infrastructure services, financing urban services, industrial location policies, urban development and the environment, urban transportation, and local government.

Records were primarily maintained by Knowledge Management Analyst Laura Lewis de Brular as well as Principal Urban Planner George Gattoni and, to a lesser extent, Sector Manager Abha Joshi-Ghani. The records originally identified as "project files" contain a combination of project support, sectoral studies, and conferences and other knowledge and learning event records. Records relate to the sector staff participation and attendance at various international conferences, seminars, workshops, and similar events. The records also reflect the units' role in planning and organizing certain events. The series contains audio and video recordings of the Urban Forum proceedings (2006), Urban Research Symposium (2003), Urban Development and Poverty Reduction (2002), and the jointly organized Infrastructure Forum on Municipal Finance (2001). Textual records accompany most of the recordings.

Other activities include the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), municipal development sector review, annual sector portfolio review, quality assurance, urban policy paper, external website, and performance indicators for the urban sector.

The series contains numerous working papers of the Urban Management Programme (UMP), the joint United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/UN-Habitat/World Bank global technical assistance program that develops and disseminates policies and tools. Series also consists of reports authored by urban sector staff, consultants, other Bankstaff, or external authors created between 1992 and 2001. Reports were prepared for internal dissemination, presentations at conferences or seminars, or issued as publications.

The series also contains correspondence between the urban units' director, task manager, Controller's Vice Presidency, and donors regarding trust fund proposals, agreements, amendments, and use of consultants. Projects reflected include Strategic Municipal Solid Waste Planning, Bosnia and Herzegovina Emergency Public Works and Employment Project, and Prague Forum 2000 Foundation Cities of Change Initiative.

Series consists of records concerning the establishment and management of the Cities Alliance global partnership, a coalition of cities and development partners launched in 1999 by the World Bank and the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS, also known as UN-Habitat). Prior to the creation of the Cities Alliance unit within the Infrastructure and Urban Development Department (INFCA) in 2000, records were maintained by the Urban Development Division (TWURD) and the Global Urban Unit (TWUGL) ofthe Transportation, Water and Urban Development Department.

Record formats represented in this series include: printed email correspondence between the alliance secretariat, manager, partners, and Bank regional staff; mission back-to-office reports (BTORs) and aide-memoires; Terms of Reference (TORs); Initiating Concept Notes (ICN); Initiating Briefs for Trust Funds (IBTF); grant progress reports; audit and financial reports; Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs); technical and consultant reports; partnershipand trust fund agreements; presentation slide hard copies; and background internal and external reports and studies.

Cities Alliance establishment and governance

The alliance secretariat, first led by Manager Mark Hildebrand (1999 - 2006), was responsible for developing the governance structure and charter, administering funds from donors, and promoting global support for the multi-donor partnership. The earliest records date from 1995 and detail the initiative's formation, negotiations, and partnership between the Bank and Habitat.

Records also relate to the Cities Alliance launching ceremony and speaking engagement of World Bank Group President James D. Wolfensohn, Cities Alliance and Consultative Group (CG) inaugural meetings in December 1999 and subsequent CG meetings, annual alliance meetings, proceedings of the Steering Committee to provide guidance to the secretariat and successor Executive Committee, Policy Board Adviser meetings, Bank/UNCHS support teams meetings, and Cities Alliance annual reports beginning from 2001.

Program and trust fund management

The series also contains records related to management of Cities Alliance activities under Manager Mark Hildebrand from 1999 to 2006 and Manager (later Director) William Cobbett from 2006 to 2015. Records reflect the secretariat and manager's missions to partner cities, attendance and participation at meetings, global conferences, and other events, work program planning, evaluations and proposals, and development and implementation of key Cities Alliances and World Bank initiatives. The initiatives represented in the records include the Cities Without Slums (CMS) Action Plan, City Development Strategy (CDS) guidelines, Local Economic Development Initiative, and the Bank/International Monetary Fund Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF). Specific meetings and conferences include annual Urban Forums, Mayors Summits, partner collaboration meetings, and various seminars and workshops.

There are also records related to collaboration with the Bank's urban development units, the Africa Regional Vice Presidency technical units, division and management retreats, and a set of chronological files (2000 - 2006).

Records in the series also document relations with Cities Alliance partners (1998 - 2014) including UN-Habitat and other UN agencies, multinational development banks, bilateral and multilateral donors, recipients, associations of local authorities, and financial contributions from partners and donors including the Bank's Development Grant Facility (DGF). Records also relate to the alliance's support to the UN Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) implementation and the Urban Management Program (UMP), a technical assistance program co-sponsored by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UN-Habitat, and the Bank.

A large volume of records relate to the Cities Alliance unit's administration of trust funds (1999 - 2015) that provided grants for city development strategies, slum upgrading, and national urban development policies. Notable alliance projects include City Development Strategies for Montego Bay (Jamaica), Hyderabad (India), cities in Africa, Yemen, and Cities without Slums projects for Peshawar (Pakistan), Brazil, Morocco, Yemen, and many others. The partnership's secretariat and trustee functions shifted to the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) at the end of 2013 and, according to the Cities Alliance annual report, Bank-administered legacy grants were largely completed by 2015, which accounts for a few filesdated to that year.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and attachments that Frank created or received during his position as division chief, Agriculture Division III, in the Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Region Projects Department (EMPA3). Topics include departmental budget monitoring and the appraisal, finance, and progress of agricultural projects in the EMENA region.

This series consists of chronological correspondence from when Jessica P. Einhorn served as Vice President and Treasurer. The records include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, notes, and emails. The bulk of the records are communications to or from internal World Bank Group units and staff about financial administration. Correspondents include Managing Director Ernest Stern, Managing Director Attila Karaosmanoglu, and Financial Operations Department (FOD) Director Kenneth Lay. Some correspondence is to or from commercial banking firms and national government treasuries. A small portion of the file labeled Confidential dates from December 1995 to January 1996, when Einhorn was transitioning to the role of managing director.

This series consists of chronological correspondence from when Jessica P. Einhorn served as Director of the Finance Operations Department (FOD). The records include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, notes, faxes, telexes, and emails. The bulk of the records are communications to or from internal World Bank units and staff, including Vice President and Treasurer (TREVP) Donald C. Roth, Senior Vice President of Finance (FINSV) Ernest Stern, and the Tokyo Office. Also included is external correspondence with commercial banking firms and national banks.

The chronological correspondence relates primarily to the functions of the Financial Operations Department, which borrowed funds required to meet the World Bank's debt obligations, loan disbursements, and operating expenses. One folder of miscellaneous incoming correspondence includes external and sometimes personal correspondence, a portion of which was received prior to Einhorn's appointment in FOD.

Series consists of a set of country files which combines communications from the secretariats of the Staff Economic Committee (SEC) and its successor Economic Committee (EC) and reports circulated to committee members for review during a meeting of the committee, for written comment, or for information. Records relate exclusively to the review of country-related reports as opposed to general sector or Bank policy reports.

Records in this series include the full range of correspondence, memoranda, and reports circulated as part of the committee's activities between 1965 and 1972; there are a very small number of records dating from 1962 to 1964. Records relating to committee communications include: memoranda proposing meetings by committee members; conclusions and recommendations on papers; notes of meetings; memoranda submitted by committee members who could not attend meetings containing their comments on reports; attendance lists; informal notes for discussion for upcoming meetings; memoranda on the meeting of an EC subcommittee that previously reviewed the report; and meetings minutes.

Reports circulated by the committee secretariat for review and other materials circulated for information and background are also included in this series. Records include: press releases; briefing papers; portions of president's reports and recommendations on projects submitted to the Executive Directors; mission Terms of Reference; Country Economic Briefs, Country Program Notes, and Country Program Papers; and International Development Association (IDA) operations briefs on specific countries.

Note that in some report folders, only a secretariat's cover letter is included, indicating the title of a draft report that was previously attached and the date when either comments are requested or when a meeting will be held to discuss the report. In these cases, the actual report is not included and the folder title indicates "no report attached".

Series contains communications primarily circulated by the Staff Economic Committee (SEC, 1952-1965) and Economic Committee (EC, 1965-1972) secretariats to the members of the committee. In rare cases, records included in this series were circulated by the committee's chairperson. Beginning in July 1965 with the reconstitution of SEC as the EC, communications include an "Economic Committee" cover stencil and are classified according to what kind of document it is; in the case of the records in this series, EC/A (notice of meeting) and EC/M (notice of meeting, conclusions and recommendations, and minutes) are used.

Generally, only a single document is included in each folder; a single document may, however, include attachments in the form of reports or other documents that will be reviewed by the committee or used as reference. Communications include: minutes from the meeting (dated either the same day as the meeting or within two weeks) which usually document the highlights of a meeting listed in chronological order; notes from the meeting, which are more formal in that they have topical subsections often including a "conclusions and recommendations" section; and standalone "Conclusions and Recommendations". In small amounts, "Notice of Meeting" memoranda relating to upcoming meetings are included. These can include meeting agendas and logistical information. Notice of Meeting memoranda can also include attachments such as reports to be reviewed or supporting documentation to be considered.

A relatively small number of records relating to the communications of EC subcommittees dating from 1965 to 1967 are also included in this series. As part of the 1965 reconstitution of SEC into the new EC, subcommittees were created and given the responsibility to review drafts of country- and region-related reports for quality review prior to consideration by the full EC. The majority of the reports reviewed by the subcommittees are "Current Economic Position and Prospects" for individual countries. Records include the notes of the subcommittee meetings and a list of those in attendance. Most subcommittee records are classified as EC/F.

This series also contains three folders dating from 1970 to 1972 that include distribution lists of committee members, procedures on how to write and distribute committee materials, schedules of meetings, and memoranda discussing administrative matters of the secretariat.

Series contains draft reports and related materials circulated by the Economic Committee (EC) secretariat to committee members for review during a meeting of the committee, for written comment, or for information. In rare cases, the report is circulated by the committee chairperson. Most of the files included in this series use the classification system imposed following the reconstitution, in 1965, of the Staff Economic Committee (SEC) as the Economic Committee. Those files that include classification in their titles are classified as EC/O, or reports distributed to committee members, most but not all under review by the committee.

Note that in some report folders, only a secretariat's cover letter is included, indicating the title of a draft report that was previously attached and the date when either comments are requested, or a meeting will be held to discuss the report. In these cases, the actual report is not included, and the folder title indicates "no report attached".

The majority of the EC's time was given to review of reports focused on the economies and development prospects of individual countries. As such, most of the draft reports included in this series are Country Program Papers (CPPs, October 1969 to October 1972), Country Program Notes, Recent Economic Developments, or other general country economic reports. A small number of more focused country reports relating to the review of a specific aspect of that country's economy are included; these are generally focused on economic sectors suchas transportation, agriculture, energy, etc.

Draft reports relating to non-country-specific topics that were circulated to committee members are also included in this series. Reports date from 1965 to 1970. Some folders include the report as well as "correspondence" which generally refers to memoranda or other documents distributed in support of the review of the report under consideration.

Also contained in this series are draft versions of country economic profiles in the form of "Country Economic Briefs" prepared in 1968 by the Economic and Area Departments with contributions by the EC. These profiles were created, as described in the collection's preface, "to be a ready reference on the economies of World Bank Group members and of the World Bank Group's economic policy attitude towards them." The intention was to upgrade and update the material when more information became available. The briefs may include: a brief discussion of the country's economic situation and development challenges, authored by Area Departments; conclusions and recommendations prepared by the EC; a data brief, compiled by the Economic and Area Departments; and the latest economic map available highlighting topics such as land use, manufacturing centers, resource areas, etc.

A set of Five-Year Program Papers from 1968-69 are also included in this series. These economic profiles duplicate much of what is included in the Country Economic Briefs. The primary addition, which is not included for every folder, is memoranda summarizing the current development outlook for the country. This includes discussion of key problems and issues, creditworthiness, Bank actions, and tables documenting Bank project lending.

The series includes a small collection of monthly reports on Bank lending operations dating from 1969 and 1970. It is unclear if these tables were circulated to committee members or if they served as reference material for the committee's secretariat. The reports each focus on active or potential Bank-funded projects and consist oftwo types: reports on appraisal and negotiations of a project; and preparation and identification of a project. The former charts the progress of the appraisal and negotiations through 12 steps, from "decision to send appraisal mission" to "loan or credit signed." Each step includes an original forecast date, the previous month's forecast, and the current forecast or actual date. Reports on the preparation and identification of projects list the latest step completed as well as pre-investment studies required. Both types of reports include the option for notes and are signed by the Loan Officer.

Monthly reports describing expected economic missions by Area Departments and the staffing needs related to that mission travel are also included. Reports, beginning in January 1969, initially included expected mission travel and staff required for the following six months. Beginning in September 1969, reports began providing this information for the twelve months. While it is likely that all of these reports were circulated to committee members, beginning in September 1969 each report includes a cover letter indicating that the report was sent to committee members by the committee's secretariat. The final report provides planned mission travel for April 1970 to June 1971.

The records in this series contain the reports, correspondence, and studies compiled by the Directors of OED (OEDDR). The Director is selected by the Director-General, Operations Evaluation (DGO), and is responsible for the overall management of the OED. Principal functions include:

• assisting the Director-General in making periodic assessments of the adequacy and effectiveness of the operations evaluation system in light of the institutional objectives of the World Bank;

• carrying out reviews of the Bank's completion reports and other self-evaluations, performance audits on selected completed projects, impact evaluations, and evaluation studies focusing on operational programs, policies, strategies, and processes;

• assisting member countries to develop their own operations evaluation capacities; and

• disseminating evaluation findings both within the Bank and to the wider development community.

The series contains the records of Christopher R. Willoughby, who was the first Director of OED. Primarily consisting of memoranda, these records document the early development of the operations evaluation function and of the Operations Evaluation Department in the 1970s. Also contained in this file are records of subsequent OED Directors from the 1980s and 1990s. These records relate to a variety of topics.

Series consists of records related to Wood's work in the China Division of the East Asia and Pacific Regional Vice Presidency (EAPVP) in which he worked from 1980 to 1985. Records primarily consist of hand-written notes taken by Wood during three separate trips to China.

Records relate to Wood's travel to China undertaken between October and December 1980 in support of the preparation of the World Bank publication China: Socialist Economic Development (1981). The nine-volume report was the Bank's first report on the Chinese economy. Wood served as the publication's principal economist. Records include notes Woods created during his attendance at two rounds of meetings in Beijing, and field notes from travel to Gansu province and Sichuan province. Meeting and field notes are divided into three sections reflecting these engagements. Photos related to the mission are also included, as are lists ofofficials met with by Wood's mission team and correspondence from 1991 between Wood and Zhu Fu Lin, a contact he made during the 1980 mission.

Records relating to Wood's mission to China in July 1982 to participate in the Moganshan conference on economic reform in China are included. The conference was organized by the World Bank and China's Price Research Centre, whose aim was dialogue between East European and Chinese economists. The entire engagement consisted of: a meeting of World Bank and East European participants on July 5, 1982 at Wolfson College, Oxford, England; an introductory meeting on July 9, 1982 with Chinese counterparts in Beijing; the conference at a resort on Mo Gan mountain in Zhejiang province from July 11-16, 1982; visits to Chinese cities (Wood and his team visited Shanghai and Chongqing between July 18-26, 1982); and final plenary meetings in Beijing on July 27-29, 1982. Records relating to the conference consist of: Terms of Reference; handwritten meeting and field notes; and photos.

Also included are records relating to Wood's travel to China in 1983, 1984, and 1985 for preparation of the World Bank report China: Long-Term Issues and Options (1985), for which Wood served as deputy mission chief and coordinator of the main report. Records are divided into six parts: a report planning note, authored by Wood, dated February 16, 1983; notes from meetings held in Beijing from September 13-19, 1983, to discuss planning of the report; notes on system reform from February and April-May 1984 missions; notes from February 13-23, 1984 mission to Beijing and Wuhan; notes from April-May 1984 mission to Beijing, Jiangsu, and Gansu; and notes from March 1985 mission during which a draft version of the report was discussed and high-level meetings with Chinese officials were held. Supplementary folders contain photos from the mission and documents related to the 1985 report, consisting of contact lists and a memo on income distribution data given to the economic mission.

Records in this series also relate to World Bank support for China's investment decisions, project planning, and shadow pricing. Records dating from 1981 to 1984 include: Bank memoranda on these topics; handwritten notes from relevant meetings and missions; notes relating to the preparation of a project appraisal manual for the China Investment Bank (CIB) and the finalized CIB appraisal manual titled "Appraisal Manual for Industrial Credit Projects" dated March 1983; and two papers titled "Economic Evaluation of Investment Projects: Possibilities and Problems of Applying Western Methods in China" (authored by Wood) and "Economic Analysis of Aluminum Milling in Shanghai" (authored by Wood and Shinji Ichishima). A photo from November 1981 from a Beijing meeting with the CIB manual team is also included.

Records in this series relate to activities in which Adrian Wood participated following his departure from the World Bank in 1985 and which relate to his ongoing work on China. This work took the form of consultancies for the World Bank, participation in conferences, presentations, and writing. Records relate to the following activities: participation in the Bashan Lun ("boat") conference (1985); various seminars and lectures on China (1985-1992); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) consultancy on system reform in Vietnam and China (1989-90); World Bank consultancy in support of China's Country Economic Memorandum (1989, report published in 1990); and research and writing on joint stock companies, enterprise reform, public ownership, and market economy transition. Records consist of conference programs, lists of conference participants, conference invitations, presentation notes and slides, field notes, journey reports, papers, and unpublished materials. Photos related to many of the activities listed above are also included in this series.

This series also consists of materials related to retrospective writings and presentations on China by Wood. Included are: an article that accompanied the reprinting of the 1985 report "China: Long-Term Development Issues and Options"; notes and slides from a 2017 presentation in Beijing on practical lessons from China's low-to-middle income transition; notes and slides from a 2017 presentation at the University of Oxford called "The Evolving Influence of Socialism on China?s Economic Development"; and notes and slides for the final version of a lecture Wood gave numerous times between 2005 and 2015 titled "Trade, Development and China: Applying Heckscher-Ohlin Theory".

Note that a number of the papers and presentation materials in this series are available in both paper and electronic format.

The series consists of records relating to the preparation of the annual World Development Report (WDR), including correspondence sent electronically within the WDR team (DECWD), to other parts of DEC, and to other World Bank Group organizations. The WDR team reported directly to DECVP. The team had primary responsibility for the Bank assessment of the state of the global economy found in the annual WDR and for selecting an aspect of development to be analyzed in depth for the annual report. The series also contains reference materials, including internal research and discussion reports and external publications. Records in this series reflect the process of information gathering, analysis, and review involved in the preparation of the annual WDR, including briefing of the Bank president. Also documented is the collaboration that took place with other Bank Group organizations for information and data needed for the report as well as consultation with outside groups including NGOs. Summaries of meetings at which the WDR was discussed are in the series.

This series contains photographs documenting internal and external meetings, speaking engagements, appearances, mission travel, and other events participated in by President Wolfensohn or otherwise related to the activities of the Office of the President (EXC). Most photographs are taken by World Bank Group (WBG) photographers, although some were apparently taken by country offices hosting the president or by host countries or organizations who similarly documented the event and shared the photographs withthe EXC. In the case of photos shared by other parties, a letter or note that accompanied the photos is sometimes included.

Materials in this series are almost all photograph prints; a very small number of slides, negatives, and contact sheets are also included. Photographic prints range in dimension. The majority are color but black and white photos are also included.

Most photographs are in file folders, while some are in envelopes or, in even lesser number, scrapbooks. The number of photos in folders and envelopes generally range from one to ten photos, although there are instances where a folder can contain more than fifty photos, particularly those related to mission travel. A very small number of the photos are housed in frames, likely as the result of being given to President Wolfensohn as a gift.

Photos from President Wolfensohn's mission travel are the most numerable and cover a wide variety of activities, from meeting with country heads of state, government ministers, civic leaders, and private citizens, to touring cultural sites and WBG project. Mission travel includes both visits to country members who receive World Bank Group loans as well as travel to countries that fund and donate WBG operations. A number of travel-related photographs are of Elaine Wolfensohn, President Wolfensohn's wife, who accompanied him on much of his mission travel and would often tour project and cultural sites and meet with local people independently. A small number of photograph albums sent from country governments and/or representatives that had hosted President Wolfensohn are also included in this series.

Photos related to non-mission travel activities, primarily internal to the WBG or at events in the Washington, D.C. area, are also included. These include photos from the WBG / International Monetary Fund (IMF) Board of Governors Spring and Annual Meetings as well as internal events participated in or attended by President Wolfensohn, such as loan signings, social events, and staff recognition events. Photos with senior World Bank Group staff are also included.

A small number of photos not directly related to President Wolfensohn or EXC are also included in this series. These photos presumably were used for publications or communications originating in EXC. They include photos of senior staff, loan signings, World Bank Articles of Agreement signing, and country photos. Some of these photos date from prior to President Wolfensohn's tenure or are undated.

A small amount of textual materials accompany photos.These are primarily Document Log sheets generated by EXC and contain a description and date of the photo. Receipts generated by the internal printing unit are also included in a small number of folders. Records dating from 2004-05 that relate to the management and digitization of photos in this series are also included. Other textual materials sometimes found in folders alongside photos include agendas and itineraries from meetings and mission travel documented in the photos.

A small number of publications have been included in this series. These are generally travel or tourist publications that were either collected by WBG staff during President Wolfensohn's mission travel or gifted to President Wolfensohn during mission travel. Of these publications only one, a photo album commemorating the 1997 Annual Meetings in Hong Kong, relates directly to the World Bank Group.

Series consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence on a variety of topics. Correspondence takes the form of faxes, letters, and memoranda.

External correspondents include: staff members and diplomats at the United Nations; representatives of energy and environment-related organizations; leaders in the financial sector; government officials from various countries; academic institutions; and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

Series includes internal memos to President Wolfensohn. These are generally brief and relate to information sharing, mission and meeting briefing, planning and logistics, brief advisory submissions, and reports on Strong's activities. Other memos are to World Bank Group (WBG) senior management including managing directors and vice presidents. Topics are wide-ranging.

Faxes from Strong's office at the WBG to Strong's assistant are included. These generally include information for upcoming meetings and logistical information provided to Strong when he was away from Washington, DC

A small amount of correspondence relate to Strong's separate roles as chairman of the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Earth Council.

This series mainly contains records that were created and/or maintained by John M. Kalbermatten between the 1970s and 1980 while working as an adviser and then a consultant in both urban and rural water supply initiatives in various iterations of the water sector departments (i.e., Public Utilities Department-PBP; Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Department Office of the Director-EWTDR; Transportation, Water, and Telecommunications Water and Wastes Advisory Staff-TWTWW).

Kalbermatten contributed to World Bank policies and training on water supply and rural development, as well as research on appropriate water supply and sanitation technology. This series also contains records authored by other individuals, primarily by Yves Rovani (1972 - 1980: director, Public Utilities Projects Department-PBP; director, Energy, Water & Telecommunications Department-EWT) and Richard Middleton (1972 - 1978: sanitary engineer, Public Utilities Division-WAPPB; sanitary engineer, Public Utilities Division Office of theDirector-PBPDR; senior sanitary engineer, Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Office of the Director-EWTDR).

Records contain information relating to a panel on Measuring the Health Benefits of Investments in Water Supply; PBP project monitoring; 1970s work programs; annual staff training course on water supply; research on appropriate technology for water supply and waste disposal in low-income countries; case study reports on residential demand for water and sewerage service in countries in Africa; cooperation with external organizations (e.g., WHO and UNDP); and many more.

Record types include but are not limited to office memoranda, correspondence, articles and discussion papers, journals, training course documents, programs, questionnaires, and case study reports.

This series contains records relating to two projects that were part of the UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (UNDP-World Bank WSP) that supported the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). The two projects are the Information and Training Program in Low-Cost Water Supply and Sanitation (INT/82/002) and the International Training Network (ITN) for Water and Waste Management (INT/86/027). These projects were responsible for developing and delivering training modules geared toward water sector personnel and non-water professionals on topics concerning low-cost alternative technologies, sanitation (e.g., ventilated pit latrines), economic appraisal of projects, user participation, health aspects of water supply and sanitation, sanitation technology solutions, wells and handpumps, water distribution network, water and waste treatment, hygiene education, gravity-flow water supply, rainwater roof catchment systems, institutional and financial aspects, and many more. The goals of these training projects were to promote and deliver training on technical aspects, management, administration, finance, community development, and project support communications.

The training projects produced three major training packages for three primary stakeholders: the Decision Package for policy and senior government leaders; the Technical Package for students and sector professionals; and the Community (User) Participation Package for community workers and project staff.

UNDP financed the projects in cooperation with international agencies, while the World Bank (Bank) was responsible for project execution through the Technology Advisory Group (TAG) for technical assistance. The Bank's responsibilities included but were not limited to coordinating the recruitment process, agreements, feasibility studies, in-country training, project description drafts, course curricula design, etc.

Some of the key individuals mentioned in this series include but are not limited to Letitia Obeng, Saul Arlosoroff, Richard N. Middleton, and Mary Elmendorf (anthropologist/consultant, 1975-1996).

Materials include but are not limited to foundational records to prepare and produce the training modules; translations; progress and review reports; correspondence and memoranda; administrative files; conference and workshop files; photographic prints; and audiovisual items (e.g., magnetic cards, flexible disks, 35 mm color slides, and cassette tapes).

This series also contains records related to other initiatives: Research and Development in Integrated Resource Recovery (GLO/80/004) and TAG's collaboration with the UNDP's Women and the Decade Project (INT/83/003). It contains information about the promotion and support for women's participation in the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) and the development of low-cost sanitation projects and training modules created by the Bank's EconomicDevelopment Institute (EDI).

This series contains records related to the partnerships and collaboration activities of the World Bank (Bank), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and other international agencies in support of the UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (UNDP-World Bank WSP) and the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). It also contains records documenting the trust fund management that supported the UNDP-World Bank WSP projects relating to low-cost development solutions for water and sanitation in low-income countries (i.e., funding contributions came from UNDP and Bank and trust fund resources derived from various international donors).

Partnerships and collaboration records

Records relating to partnerships and collaboration contain the following topics: missions in various countries (e.g., India, Philippines, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Morocco, Yemen, etc.); low-cost water sanitation techniques; field trials (e.g., VLOM-Village Level Operated and Maintained handpumps and Canadian Monarch handpumps); related initiatives; advisory panel meetings to discuss staffing, and ongoing and future field trials in regions such as East Africa and Southeast Asia; project implementations and timelines; loan and grant conditions applied by the External Support Agencies (ESAs); recommendations on aid-giving procedures; and meetings with the Collaborative Council of ESAs in the water sector in 1989 (held in Sophia Antipolis, France) and the Steering Committee for Cooperative Action in 1981-1985 (held at the World Bank in Washington, DC); the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-UNESCO; the United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF; and the Food and Agriculture Organization-FAO).

Types of partnership and collaboration records in this series include but are not limited to mission reports and communications, job descriptions, project proposals (including work plans, project justifications, budget outlines, schedules, etc.), progress and status reports, and meeting files (e.g., agenda, minutes, progress reports, memos, etc.). Examples of other institutions collaborating with the Bank in this activity are the Science and Technology Fund of the UNDP, Kumasi City Council, University of Science and Technology in Ghana, Banque Ouest Africaine de Developpment-BOAD, ARLAB (a subsidiary of Mines ParisTech5), Georgia Institute of Technology, and others.

The earliest projects related to the Bank's global partnership and collaboration with other organizations associated with water resources and management are:

• Low-Cost Water and Sanitation Techniques (GLO/78/006);

• Testing and Demonstration of Small-Scale Solar Powered Pumping Systems (GLO/78/004);

• Research and Development in Integrated Resource Recovery (GLO/80/004);

• Project Laboratory Testing, Field Trials, and Technological Development of Rural Water Supply Handpumps (INT/81/026); and

• Information and Training Program (INT/82/002).

Trust fund management records

Records relating to trust fund management contain topics such as: trust fund agreements and amendments to agreements; cost-sharing; executing trust fund activities; funds received and transferred; country reports; financial management assessments or financial compliance reviews; policy exceptions; project phases (i.e., information gathering and testing; and development and implementation); audit review findings; proposals of project descriptions; Global Water Partnership Interim Committee; financial support for the Participatory Learning and Action Initiative; opportunity to initiate a core-funding relationship with various countries (e.g., Finland, France, Ireland, etc.); and collaborations with bilateral agencies (e.g., UK's Department for International Development-DFID, German Technical Cooperation Agency-GTZ, etc.). They also document communications about trust fund management between the Bank (including the Technical Advisory Group) and other institutions (e.g., UNDP, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency-SIDA,the Danish International Development Agency-DANIDA, the Swiss Development Corporation-SDC, Norway's Ministry of Development Cooperation, AusAID Trust Fund, World Health Organization-WHO, United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF, etc.).

Types of trust fund management records in this series include but are not limited to master budget files, contribution and disbursement statements, project delivery reports (PDR), audit files (e.g., Terms of Reference), reports, waivers, original contracts, legal agreements,payment records, cost-sharing files, Bank internal clearances, Initiating Brief for Trust Funds (IBTF), funding proposals, project files (e.g., evaluations progress reports), recommendations, and donor correspondence.

This series also contains sixteen volumes, entitled Preliminary Study: The Large Aqueducts System, 1969 - 1971. These are bound volumes of pre-feasibility study reports by Gilbert Associates, Inc. (Reading, PA) for the Obras Sanitarias de la Nacion Argentina-OSN (now Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos-AySA), a utility company based in Argentina. These reports are associated with the loan agreement signed on June 3, 1963, between the Argentine Government and the USA through the US Agency for International Development (USAID). These volumes may have been used as reference files.

This series primarily contains records documenting the findings and results of the World Bank's (Bank) two-year research project in 1976 - 1978 on "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Developing Countries." This project guided the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Bank to address the importance of low-cost water and sanitation systems in achieving inclusive access to clean water and adequate sanitation for everyone, especially in developing economies. It includesa series of publications in various record types: manuals, guides, reports, working documents, technical papers, summaries, case studies, and questionnaires.

This research project stemmed from years of informal and formal arrangements in the 1960s and 1970s between the Bank and the international development community (e.g., World Health Organization-WHO) to address ongoing water and waste management issues, particularly in Bank member countries' rural and urban communities. During this time, the Bank was also expanding and redirecting its investments to urbanization projects, particularly in water supply and sewerage initiatives, as emphasized by President Robert McNamara in his address to the Board of Governors in October 1976.

The research project focused on obtaining the perspectives of community members with the following factors and/or activities in mind: evaluation of varying constraints (e.g., environmental, public health, demand, institutional, cultural, social, and financial); sanitation, reclamation, composting technologies; low-cost and/or alternative technological solutions for water and sanitation development; resource availability; and project beneficiaries. The geographical area of focus was concentrated in Latin America, Africa, and the Caribbean.

The project resulted in a series of publications entitled "World Bank Studies in Water Supply and Sanitation" and related monographs, entitled "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation (ATWSS)," published between the early to mid-1980s. They aimed to guide and provide recommendations to project engineers, scientists, technicians, and field workers involved with water-related projects. Key authors include but are not limited to John M. Kalbermatten, David C. Jones, DeAnne S. Julius, Charles G. Gunnerson, and D. Duncan Mara.

Series includes Jennings' chronological files relating to his time as director of the Loan and Trust Funds Department (LOA) in the Office of the Vice President and Controller (VPCTR). Records include memoranda relating to comments on drafts, the Joint Audit Committee, LOA staffing, LOA?s "Action Research Program (ARP)", and departmental budget planning.

Records also relate to a study on the recommendation to decentralize the disbursement function to the controller, accounting, and management information functions. These records include; memoranda; a draft report; and an updated Operational Manual Statement (OMS 3.30) on disbursement.

Series consists of records relating to a report that Jennings led focusing on the financial analyst function in the World Bank entitled "A Study of the Financial Analyst Function in the Bank". The report was undertaken in response to a recommendation in the November 1974 Staff Development Report. Staff from sector departments in the Bank's regional vice presidencies participated in the study. Records include: a draft of the final report; comments on the draft report from various Bank staff; Terms of Reference (TOR) for the report and Jennings' participation; the questionnaire used in the writing of the report; questionnaire distribution list; and memoranda.

Series also includes records relating to the authoring of a report entitled "The Purpose and Form of Financial Covenants in Public Utility Loans and Credits" which Jennings participated in. Included are two draft versions of the report dated February and June 1976, respectively. Memoranda discussing the topic and the report are also included.

Series is comprised of Leonard B. Rist's collection of reference material on the Bretton Woods Conference and the events leading up to it. Document types include official copies of proposals, agreements and amendments relating to the Bretton Woods institutions, IBRD and IMF, as well as reports and commentary from U.S. government agencies (Treasury, Federal Reserve, State Department), research institutions, and the press (Foreign Affairs, Finance, Foreign Commerce Weekly). Also included are President Roosevelt's address to Congress recommending passage of the Bretton Woods agreements, 1963 amendment to the Bretton Woods agreement, and several unpublished papers.

Series contains records maintained by Leonard B. Rist from the early period of IBRD history primarily when he first served as Director of the Research Department, later Economics Department between 1946 and 1960. Records are varied and include correspondence and speeches that Rist drafted for President Eugene Black during the period 1947-1953 and an information packet prepared for Black's 1952 trip on which Rist and other senior staff accompanied him to Pakistan, India, Ceylon, Thailand, and Australia. Also included is a file of Rist's speeches to the information conferences (1949-1959), two or three-day sessions at the Bank where groups of individuals in the finance profession would be introduced the Bank and its operations (1949-1951), a file on establishing the Research Department in 1946, and files on loan policy, 1946-1967. Records from the 1950s relate to the European Investment Bank and French oil exploration, and UK credit conditions covering 1945-1957. In 1963 and 1964 while he was Special Adviser to the President, Rist chaired the Committee on Loan Charges, and these files include correspondence on the Committee's Memorandum on Loan Charges (1964). Other files (1960-1968) relate to terms of Bank loans, market loans, IBRD reserves and 9% subscriptions, and Bank and IDA financial policy.

Series consists of records primarily created during Bernard R. Bell's tenure as Director, Resident Staff Indonesia from 1968 to 1972. The series contains a draft paper on the historical development of the oil sector in Indonesia, including notes on Indonesian oil companies. Correspondence and notes concerning Bank economic missions reviewing the oil sector are included, as well as notes of interviews with Indonesian government officials and oil company personnel. The series contains copies of articles on Indonesian oil, copies contracts dating from 1963, copies of Indonesian laws regulating the oil sector, and statistics on the financial status of P. N. Pertamina, the Indonesian National Oil and Natural Gas Mining State Enterprise.

The records in this series primarily relate to the World Bank's involvement in the transition from planned to market economies in Russia immediately following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Records specifically relate to missions made by Bank officials, including John Nellis, to the then Soviet Union in September and October 1990 and to Russia in November 1991 and August and September 1992. Series primarily consists of handwritten notes written by Nellis during these missions.

The 1990 mission to the Soviet Union was the World Bank's first and was undertaken with staff from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The mission resulted in the publication of the joint authored 'The Economy of the USSR: Summary and Recommendations'. During the trip, John Nellis's role was to examine the prospects for enterprise reform and privatization primarily through interviews with Soviet ministries (including Ministry of Justice and various sector and union ministries), other government officials, companies, financial authorities, and academics.

Notes taken by Nellis during these interviews are included in this series. The handwritten notes are heavily annotated in Nellis's hand. A transcription of the notes is also included as is a brief summary of the trip authored by Nellis and submitted to a select number of Bank staff. Further, notes authored by Nellis for a presentation to Bank President Barber Conable are included. The presentation, dated November 10, 1990, is titled, "Soviet Economic Study: Enterprise Reform and Privatization Component" and summarizes what the mission to the Soviet Union learned about potential enterprise reform and suggests avenues for the Bank's involvement in the reform process. In addition, a World Bank Discussion Paper authored by Nellis entitled "Improving the Performance of Soviet Enterprises" is included. The paper is based on interviews undertaken by Nellis during the 1990 mission and was published in 1991.

Records relating to a second trip to Moscow by Bank officials in November 1991 are also included. The purpose of the trip was to gain knowledge about the state and its economy and advance the process of enterprise reform and privatization. Notes are, again, handwritten and heavily annotated by Nellis. The World Bank team also stopped in Hungary and notes from Nellis's meetings in Budapest are also included. A mission summary authored by Nellis entitled "Privatization in the Republic of Russia" is also included.

Records relating to a third trip to Moscow in August and September of 1992 are also included in this series. Nellis was charged with researching corporate governance and property funds. Again, records include handwritten notes made by Nellis during interviews with Russian government officials and other interested parties, both Russian and international. Topics include: economic and political developments in Russia; privatization efforts; voucher program; corporate governance; finance sector; energy sector; foreign investment; and inflation.

The series also contains a small amount of notes made by Nellis during a series of talks and meetings between May 18, 1992 and May 27, 1992. The notes appear to have come from the same notebook as the Soviet Union/Russia notes. These events include a number of Bank staff and external parties speaking on privatization in Russia and EasternEurope. A separate set of notes on a talk by World Bank staff member Qimiao Fan in April 1995 on restructuring of Russian enterprise is also included.

The series contains internal memoranda to the World Bank Group President, the Regional Vice Presidents, other senior managers, and the Executive Directors for the period in which Stern was Vice President and Senior Vice President, Operations.

Issues covered relate to: the formulation and review of regional and country assistance strategies and lending programs and of structural adjustment loans and selected individual projects; operational policy and procedure; World Bank-International Monetary Fund collaboration; budgeting; and analyses of current initiatives, such as the China program, the Brandt Commission, energy development, and International Development Association (IDA) replenishments.

While Stern served as Senior Vice President from 1980 to May 1987, there is a gap in the chronological records for 1987; the series contains only seven items dating from 1987.

This series contains Stern's records relating to the organization and functioning of the Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to developing countries, known as the Development Committee. The series includes Stern's correspondence regarding the Development Committee and the Draft Resolution establishing it, its initial work program, administrative arrangements, membership lists, and budget. Included in the administrative files are April and September 1974 reports from the Technical Group on the Transfer of Real Resources, the Committee of Twenty, as well as the September 1974 suggestions for the work program of the Development Committee. The bulk of the series are Stern's files on meetings of the Committee from its inaugural meeting in October 1974 through September 1981. The series also includes files on two working groups and a task force established by the Committee.