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Records of the Water Sector
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Records of the Water Sector

  • WB IBRD/IDA WAT
  • Fonds
  • 1973 - 2008

This fonds contains records created between 1973 and 2008 that reflect the various iterations of the water sector in the World Bank (Bank) and their activities. In particular, it includes records relating to the Bank's partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (UNDP-World Bank WSP), a cooperative program created in 1978. It also contains records about the Bank's and UNDP's contributions during the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD).

Records in this fonds document the research, operational support, governance, quality control, and trust fund management for global program projects managed and/or supported by various Bank water sector departments. Topics include but are not limited to handpump development and testing, sewerage, landfill design, sanitation, solid waste private options, demonstration projects, and participatory development and management--initiatives involving users, particularly women (i.e., PROWWESS-Promotion of the Role of Women in Water and Environmental Sanitation Services) , and communities in all stages of the water development process.

Materials in this fonds include but are not limited to internal and external correspondence (including letters, memoranda, and telexes), project files (including reports, Country Monitoring Evaluations-CMEs, agreements, Terms of References-TORs, progress reports, budgets, personnel management files, country information, research materials, and liaison records with external agencies), training material, research files, conference and workshop materials, departmental publications, and finance and accounting records.

Water Development Sector

Research projects

This series primarily contains records documenting the findings and results of the World Bank's (Bank) two-year research project in 1976 - 1978 on "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Developing Countries." This project guided the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Bank to address the importance of low-cost water and sanitation systems in achieving inclusive access to clean water and adequate sanitation for everyone, especially in developing economies. It includesa series of publications in various record types: manuals, guides, reports, working documents, technical papers, summaries, case studies, and questionnaires.

This research project stemmed from years of informal and formal arrangements in the 1960s and 1970s between the Bank and the international development community (e.g., World Health Organization-WHO) to address ongoing water and waste management issues, particularly in Bank member countries' rural and urban communities. During this time, the Bank was also expanding and redirecting its investments to urbanization projects, particularly in water supply and sewerage initiatives, as emphasized by President Robert McNamara in his address to the Board of Governors in October 1976.

The research project focused on obtaining the perspectives of community members with the following factors and/or activities in mind: evaluation of varying constraints (e.g., environmental, public health, demand, institutional, cultural, social, and financial); sanitation, reclamation, composting technologies; low-cost and/or alternative technological solutions for water and sanitation development; resource availability; and project beneficiaries. The geographical area of focus was concentrated in Latin America, Africa, and the Caribbean.

The project resulted in a series of publications entitled "World Bank Studies in Water Supply and Sanitation" and related monographs, entitled "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation (ATWSS)," published between the early to mid-1980s. They aimed to guide and provide recommendations to project engineers, scientists, technicians, and field workers involved with water-related projects. Key authors include but are not limited to John M. Kalbermatten, David C. Jones, DeAnne S. Julius, Charles G. Gunnerson, and D. Duncan Mara.

Partnerships and program collaboration

This series contains records related to the partnerships and collaboration activities of the World Bank (Bank), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and other international agencies in support of the UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (UNDP-World Bank WSP) and the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). It also contains records documenting the trust fund management that supported the UNDP-World Bank WSP projects relating to low-cost development solutions for water and sanitation in low-income countries (i.e., funding contributions came from UNDP and Bank and trust fund resources derived from various international donors).

Partnerships and collaboration records

Records relating to partnerships and collaboration contain the following topics: missions in various countries (e.g., India, Philippines, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Morocco, Yemen, etc.); low-cost water sanitation techniques; field trials (e.g., VLOM-Village Level Operated and Maintained handpumps and Canadian Monarch handpumps); related initiatives; advisory panel meetings to discuss staffing, and ongoing and future field trials in regions such as East Africa and Southeast Asia; project implementations and timelines; loan and grant conditions applied by the External Support Agencies (ESAs); recommendations on aid-giving procedures; and meetings with the Collaborative Council of ESAs in the water sector in 1989 (held in Sophia Antipolis, France) and the Steering Committee for Cooperative Action in 1981-1985 (held at the World Bank in Washington, DC); the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-UNESCO; the United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF; and the Food and Agriculture Organization-FAO).

Types of partnership and collaboration records in this series include but are not limited to mission reports and communications, job descriptions, project proposals (including work plans, project justifications, budget outlines, schedules, etc.), progress and status reports, and meeting files (e.g., agenda, minutes, progress reports, memos, etc.). Examples of other institutions collaborating with the Bank in this activity are the Science and Technology Fund of the UNDP, Kumasi City Council, University of Science and Technology in Ghana, Banque Ouest Africaine de Developpment-BOAD, ARLAB (a subsidiary of Mines ParisTech5), Georgia Institute of Technology, and others.

The earliest projects related to the Bank's global partnership and collaboration with other organizations associated with water resources and management are:

  • Low-Cost Water and Sanitation Techniques (GLO/78/006);

  • Testing and Demonstration of Small-Scale Solar Powered Pumping Systems (GLO/78/004);

  • Research and Development in Integrated Resource Recovery (GLO/80/004);

  • Project Laboratory Testing, Field Trials, and Technological Development of Rural Water Supply Handpumps (INT/81/026); and

  • Information and Training Program (INT/82/002).

Trust fund management records

Records relating to trust fund management contain topics such as: trust fund agreements and amendments to agreements; cost-sharing; executing trust fund activities; funds received and transferred; country reports; financial management assessments or financial compliance reviews; policy exceptions; project phases (i.e., information gathering and testing; and development and implementation); audit review findings; proposals of project descriptions; Global Water Partnership Interim Committee; financial support for the Participatory Learning and Action Initiative; opportunity to initiate a core-funding relationship with various countries (e.g., Finland, France, Ireland, etc.); and collaborations with bilateral agencies (e.g., UK's Department for International Development-DFID, German Technical Cooperation Agency-GTZ, etc.). They also document communications about trust fund management between the Bank (including the Technical Advisory Group) and other institutions (e.g., UNDP, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency-SIDA,the Danish International Development Agency-DANIDA, the Swiss Development Corporation-SDC, Norway's Ministry of Development Cooperation, AusAID Trust Fund, World Health Organization-WHO, United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF, etc.).

Types of trust fund management records in this series include but are not limited to master budget files, contribution and disbursement statements, project delivery reports (PDR), audit files (e.g., Terms of Reference), reports, waivers, original contracts, legal agreements,payment records, cost-sharing files, Bank internal clearances, Initiating Brief for Trust Funds (IBTF), funding proposals, project files (e.g., evaluations progress reports), recommendations, and donor correspondence.

This series also contains sixteen volumes, entitled Preliminary Study: The Large Aqueducts System, 1969 - 1971. These are bound volumes of pre-feasibility study reports by Gilbert Associates, Inc. (Reading, PA) for the Obras Sanitarias de la Nacion Argentina-OSN (now Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos-AySA), a utility company based in Argentina. These reports are associated with the loan agreement signed on June 3, 1963, between the Argentine Government and the USA through the US Agency for International Development (USAID). These volumes may have been used as reference files.

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