Lewis T. Preston became President of the World Bank on 1 September 1991 and resigned on 4 May 1995. Relatively few records from his term exist. One of Preston's first decisions was to suspend the President's Council, and as a result there are no formal records of the interaction of the highest levels of management. Furthermore, Preston was in ill health and retired before finishing his term. He continued to make speeches and undertook some business travel, but the files on those activities are noticeably fuller in the early years of his tenure. No subject files exist, nor do files on his liaison activities with United Nations organizations, non-government institutions, and international banks. The few files on liaison with the U.S. Government are thin, but there is additional information on this relationship in the records of the Counselor to the President, Matthew F. McHugh.

The most complete files are those on Member countries. These include information on Bank projects in the countries, reports of discussions with country representatives, agendas for meetings, and other representational matters. The files on the Annual Meetings have some unusually interesting briefings for Preston's meetings with financial and other institutions.

The important records of the Portfolio Management Task Force (Wapenhans Report) and the follow-up to it are part of the records of the Special Adviser to the President, Visvanathan Rajagopalan.

Note that a small portion of the Chronological File series contains correspondence and executive memoranda records from the period when Ernest Stern served as acting President. These date from February 1 to May 31 of 1995.

This series contains the records of Eugene R. Black as U.S. Executive Director at the World Bank, 1947-1949, and President, 1949-1962. They are arranged in five file categories: general correspondence, congratulatory correspondence, honorary degrees, speeches, and travel.

The general correspondence file contains exchanges with U.S. and foreign government officials (especially U.K. officials), private bankers, lawyers, foundation officials and friends, arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent. Among the notable correspondents are U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, U.S. Senators J.W. Fulbright and Hubert Humphrey, British Prime Minister Harold McMillan, and U.N. Secretary General Dag Hammerskjold. The alphabetical correspondence file is followed by one file marked personal action covering the period from September through December 1960; it contains letters congratulating Black on the publication of his book, The Diplomacy of Economic Development, and wishing him recovery from surgery.

The congratulatory correspondence concerns Black's appointment as Executive Director and subsequent appointment and reappointments as President of the World Bank.

A single file contains correspondence on honorary degrees awarded to Black.

The speech file contains letters of invitation and appreciation and, in some cases, the texts of the speeches. Speeches given include commencement addresses, lectures to professional associations and private organizations, and addresses to the UN Economic and Social Council.

Thetravel file contains correspondence relating to tours Black took as U.S. Executive Director and as Bank President to familiarize himself with present and future member countries' economic and political situations and to meet national leaders. It includes letters of invitation, itineraries, thank you notes, as well as letters and memoranda on the purposes and results of particular trips. Two files contain the records of Black's 1948 trip to Indonesia (then the Netherlands East Indies) shortly before it obtained independence, including background material on Indonesia's economy and recent political developments, newspaper articles, UN documents, photographs, and letters from government officials, business executives and Black evaluating the situation in Indonesia. Other travel files contain information on the Bank's role in the settlement of the Suez Canal dispute (1958-1959).

The records of the Presidency of George D. Woods (January 1963 until April 1968) primarily concern international relations, including both briefings and travel. The correspondence file, while small, has several unusually revealing items, as do the retained copies of outgoing letters and memoranda. The background papers on each country that are found in the annual meeting briefing files provide useful snapshots of the situation of that country at that time.

Robert S. McNamara became World Bank President on April 1, 1968 and served 2 full five year terms and a partial term, leaving on June 30, 1981. The records are a very full account of his long and active presidency. Every part of the world is reflected in these records, as well as virtually every economic issue of the 1970s. Any student of the Bank during the McNamara years will find reading these records an essential first step for research.

When McNamara came to the World Bank, it was lending about $1 billion per year. When he left in 1981, Bank lending stood at about $12 billion a year. In addition to the dramatic increase in volume of loans, he refocused Bank lending beyond infrastructure and projects to basic human needs and poverty reduction. Using the term absolute poverty, his annual meeting speech in Nairobi in 1973 marked a turning point by identifying promoting rural development and alleviating the conditions of life to the poor as crucial development goals. He identified population growth as a major issue for the Bank to address and the Bank began proving support for family planning programs. The Bank also began providing loans for pollution control.

McNamara proposed the formation of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), which makes major contributions to increasing global food production and reducing hunger. He mobilized Bank resources to launch an international onchocercieasis (river blindness) control program. He initiated two international commissions to examine world development: the Pearson Commission in 1968 and the Brandt Commission in 1977. The Joint Ministerial Committee of the Board of Governors of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries, usually known as the Development Committee, was established in 1974 to support international cooperation in development activities and coordination of international efforts in finance development, and to provide advice to the Board of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on all aspects of the transfer of real resources to developing countries. And in 1978 the World Development Report was launched, the Bank's flagship publication on development issues.

Records of all these activities can be found in the records of the McNamara presidency. An unusually large number of records are annotated by McNamara, providing unparalleled insight into the thinking and decision-making processes of the president.

The records also include files form assistants to the President, notably two series from economic adviser Irving S. Friedman that include his correspondence with both President George Woods and President McNamara.

The records of President McCloy consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence between President McCloy, the U.S. Executive Director of the Bank, U.S. political leaders, U.S. public officials, and prominent business leaders. The correspondence address topics of Bank operations and lending.

A. W. Clausen became World Bank President in July 1981 and served a full five year term. Shortly after he became President, Clausen established a Managing Committee to provide overall administrative and programmatic control of the Bank's activities. The records of the Clausen presidency are best approached through the official files of this Managing Committee, which provide comprehensive documentation on virtually all issues before the Bank during those years. Both Clausen's personal records of the Committee as well as the Committee's official records are part of this sub-fonds.

Clausen was President during the world debt crisis of the early 1980s, and throughout the files are documents about the issues of debt management and the Bank's programs of sectoral and structural adjustment. Discussions of a multilateral investment insurance program began during the Clausen years, which culminated in the establishment of the Multilateral Investments Guarantee Agency (MIGA) after Clausen left office. Both the Special Assistance Program for countries coping with the global recession and the Special Facility for Africa to provide policy reform assistance in sub-Saharan Africa were launched during Clausen's tenure, and the Clausen years saw a growing emphasis on programs in agricultural and rural development and environmental management, among others. Evidence of Clausen's personal interest in these issues can be found throughout the records, but particularly in the extensive set of alphabetical subject files that show Clausen's involvement with issues and organizations. Clausen's views are also evident in the chronological file of his outgoing correspondence during his entire time in office.

The country files and the itinerary files on official trips are good sources of information on the Bank's relationship with and the economic situation in the member countries. The records include photographs of Clausen's visits to countries and to World Bank projects.

Barber B. Conable's term as President was noted for the major reorganization of the Bank he directed in 1987 and the emphasis on poverty reduction as a central mission of the Bank. He identified environmental protection as an important goal, culminating in the Bank joining with the UN Development Program and the UN Environment Program to establish the Global Environment Facility in 1991. Conable supported an increased role for women in development and he appointed a woman, Marianne Haug, to his senior staff. Broad political changes occurred in Eastern Europe during his tenure, and he maintained extensive liaisons with international organizations including the increasingly influential NGO community. Conable also authorized the project to write a history of the Bank; Brookings Institution was given the contract for the study which resulted in the two volume The World Bank: Its First Half Century. Conable gave the authors access to his Presidential files, and the use of some of the files by the Brookings team is noted in the series descriptions.

The records of President and his staff are extensive. The minutes of his President's Council reveal the mechanisms of Bank management. The usual Annual Meeting files are supplemented by his country files and the records of his travels around the globe. The two series of liaison files show his political skills with varied constituencies.

The records of the Office of the President also include separate series of records of the Executive Counselor to the President, J. William Stanton; the Executive Assistant, Marianne Haug; and the Special Assistant, Anapum Khanna. The file of Conable's Executive Assistant, Jennifer A. Volk, on the lunches between Conable and Michel Camdessus, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, is a separate series, while within the President's files on travel and Annual Meetings are other files that Volk maintained.

Visvanathan Rajagopalan was the Vice President for Sector and Operations Policy when President Preston asked him to join the President's staff as Senior Adviser. Rajagopalan held this post for the year 1993, retiring at the end of December. During his time in the President's office, Rajagopalan had 2 principal tasks: manage the follow-up to the Portfolio Management Task Force report and chair the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. In addition he spent a brief period in the summer of 1993 as the acting head of the Information, Technology and Facilities Department.

The most important records in this subfonds are those of the Portfolio Management Task Force. These records are essential to understanding the work of the task force and the controversy that followed its report.

Marianne Haug served as Executive Assistant to the President and Secretary of the President's Council from May 1987 until May 1990. She was employed by various units in the Bank prior to joining the President's office; some of the records in this sub-fonds predate her service in the Executive Office.

Haug's files cover a mix of administrative and program topics. The series of subject files contains a very broad overview of topics that she handled for the President, as well as topics in which she was especially interested, such as the files of the Bank's Outside Interests Committee, 1981-1987, on which she served. The files on environment, forestry, and MIGA are very full; the series also contains copies of speeches by senior members of the Bank, showing that the President's staff was tracking the public statements. Several files, such as Centrally planned economies and Eastern Europe show the Bank's response to the changing situation in Eastern Europe.

The series on budget policy is useful to understand the internal development of budget packages from the point of view of the President's office. Haug's series on the Bank's 1987 reorganization is the fullest in the President's office, covering both the original reorganization and the fine tuning in 1989. Her extensive chronological file dates from July 1985 through May 1991.

Anapum Khanna was appointed as Special Assistant to the President in July 1989 and stayed through the end of Conable's term and into the first months of the Preston term. He succeeded Marianne Haug as the Secretary to the President's Council, and the primary series of records in this sub-fonds are the working files Khanna accumulated while handling Council business.

Matthew F. McHugh joined the President's office staff in May 1993. His files reflect a strong interest in and responsibility for external affairs, in particular the Bank's relationship with the U.S. Government and the 50th anniversary celebration of the World Bank. These records are useful for insight into the liaison activities of the President's office because similar records do not exist in the President's own files.

McHugh also served as Counselor to the President during James Wolfensohn's first term as President. McHugh continued to use and add items to some of his files from the Preston period, particularly the country files. Those McHugh files are among the records of the Wolfensohn Presidency, and they should be consulted for further information on the Preston years.

When Conable became President, he appointed J. William Stanton to serve as Counselor to the President. Stanton held that post throughout Conable's term.

The records of Stanton's office focus on two of the major administrative issues of Conable's Presidency: the 1987 reorganization of the Bank, and the acquisition and retrofitting of the Bank's Washington buildings. They must be read in conjunction with the President's Administrative files and the files of Special Assistant Marianne Haug; for example, the Haug and Stanton records both have series on the 1987 reorganization, which does not appear in the President's files, but the President's Administrative files have the records of the 1989 fine-tuning of the reorganization. Taken together, the entire picture emerges.

Records relate to Strong's role as senior adviser to President Wolfensohn from 1995 to 2000, although records from 1995 to 1997 predominate. The fonds includes a variety of record types that evidence his communication with and support for the president, including memoranda, notes, letters, and briefing materials. Series also includes chronological files and subject files containing records collected and received that relate to topics of interest for Strong. Correspondence between Strong and other Bank staff, particularly those in the environment and energy sectors, are included as is correspondence with UN officials. Records relating to Strong's attendance at or participation in meetings, retreats, and conferences are included as are a small amount of records that pertain to his involvement in roles and activities external to the WBG.

Series primarily relates to the work of the Japan-WBG Working Group led by Yoshimura. The working group researched and reported on the status of the WBG's relationship with Japan. Records include presentation slides, interview materials, and the final report. Other materials in this series relate to Yoshimura's reports to President Wolfensohn on Japan.

This series contains individual files on Rajagopalan's trips as Special Adviser to the President during 1993. The files include correspondence, agendas and background papers for meetings he attended during these journeys.

This series consists of copies of the outgoing letters and memoranda of George D. Woods and correspondence handled for President Woods by his personal assistants George C. Wishart and Rainer B. Steckhan. It includes correspondence sent on substantive issues of development assistance, memoranda to files, internal memoranda of the Bank and social and public relations messages.

Letters to foreign heads of state, government officials, banks, development institutions and academics regarding particular loans and projects, missions, technical assistance, bond issues and other sources of financing, and development policy issues are found in the series. Memoranda to files, usually written by Wishart, make a record of Woods' meetings with high-level government and business executives, focusing on important remarks and outcomes. Occasional Bank-internal memoranda, usually addressed to Vice Presidents and other high-level managers, concern such issues as staffing of the Economic Development Institute (EDI), defining the competencies of the technical operations and regional departments of the Bank with regard to project preparation, and procedures for establishing consultative groups.

The social and public relations letters express appreciation for invitations, hospitality, and for letters, publications and gifts received; express regret regarding invitations; offer congratulations; discuss arrangements for meetings and itineraries for travel; and provide letters of introduction.

The majority of this series consists President George D. Woods' briefing papers for the annual meetings of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Boards of Governors. The briefing papers for each annual meeting are organized by geographical region and thereunder by individual countries. The country sections contain background information on each country's economic and political situation (including occasional economic reports), the country's relations with the Bank, and lists of each member country's delegates at the annual meeting and the topics they are likely to raise. In the case of Africa and Latin America, there are also memoranda concerning the caucuses held by the countries in these regions and texts of remarks the President intended to deliver to them.

Also part of the series is a briefing file on the 57th session of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in July 1965. Two small files contain briefs for visits to Argentina and Brazil.

The travel files are for foreign trips exclusively. They include both trips undertaken for specific operational purposes, such as raising funds for IDA and promoting bond issues in Part I countries and encouraging the establishment of development funds, banks and agencies, and trips undertaken for ceremonial activities, such as the groundbreaking ceremony of an Aluminum Smelter in Ghana. Individual trips files may include handwritten notes President Woods took during meetings with heads of state and other dignitaries, speeches, and frequently memoranda to files summarizing the purposes and highlights of important meetings, as well as invitations, acceptance and thank you letters, background or formal briefing papers on the politico-economic situation of the countries visited, itineraries, agendas, programs, flight schedules, information on lodgings and tourist attractions, maps, and newspaper clippings.

This series consists of copies of President Clausen's outgoing correspondence during his entire Presidency. Correspondents include government heads and officials, heads of the United Nations, international agencies, banks, development banks and other corporations, U.S. government officials, the Governors of the Bank, the Bank's Executive Directors, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, and Bank staff members.

The files document the views of the President on the economic situation, theproblems faced by the Bank and the IDA in securing resources, debt management, Bank-Fund collaboration, the Bank's poverty oriented lending programs, the energy program, and other specific Bank operations. A number of circular letters are included on topics such as subscriptions to the General Capital Increase of the Bank, requests for IDA contributions, the establishment of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ( MIGA ) and the establishment of a special facility for Sub-Saharan Africa. The correspondence also contains more routine letters, invitations, congratulations and condolences. The thank-you letters include correspondence following official trips and thanks for aid, particularly for contributions to IDA replenishment. Invitations include invitations to Annual Meetings, to special panels, to senior staff retreats and meetings, and to luncheons.

Letters to staff regarding personnel matters, including welcomes to new positions and farewells on retirement, and general administrative matters such as the implementation of the Performance Planning and Review (PPR) Program, are also in the file.

This series consists of the official files of the Senior Management Council maintained by its secretary. In 1982 the Senior Management Council replaced the President's Council, which had been created in 1965 by George Woods. Occasionally the Senior Management Council and the Managing Committee met jointly, and some records of the joint meetings are included.

The official records contain agendas, minutes, memoranda to the Senior Management Council, reports and studies for review, and some correspondence. Also included are materials concerning the annual dinner gatherings and retreats of the Executive Directors and members of the Senior Management Council, including drafts of the President's remarks at the dinners. A photograph of the Senior Management Council members in 1984 is included.

This series contains a fragment of President George D. Woods' correspondence, both private and official. Notable among the official correspondence is a letter to Hector Prud'homme, University of Hartford, Connecticut, on education projects; an exchange of letters with the President of Pakistan, Marshall Ayub Khan, on the political situation for Pakistan in July 1965; a letter to Antonio Montero, a banker from the Bahamas, on external financing of local currency components of public projects; and a report from World Bank Vice President J. Burke Knapp on his talks with the President of Zambia, Kenneth Kaunda, on the situation in Rhodesia in December 1965.

This series consists of the records of meetings of the President's Council that were maintained by Anapum Khanna, Special Assistant to the President. The files contain agendas and minutes of the meetings, Khanna's handwritten notes taken during meetings, talking points for the President, and papers for discussion by the Council. The series is not a complete record of all President's Council meetings for the period covered, and not all records of meetings contain an agenda or minutes.

This series is a useful supplement to the official records of the Council in WB IBRD/IDA EXC-11-32S. Not all of the official records include minutes, and Khanna's handwritten notes may fill in gaps in the official files. Furthermore, this series includes talking points for the President, all of which may not be included in the official files.

The files in this fragmentary series contain primarily memoranda and reports on a few administrative topics. Some of the items in the files had been accumulated by Khann's predecessor as Special Assistant, Josue Tanaka. Some files are useful because they continue a subject found elsewhere; for example, the environment file in this series complements and extends the environment file found in the Haug subject files. The private sector development file postdates the Conable Presidency.

This series provides an unusually good overview of the scope of issues handled by staff assistants in the Office of the President. Unlike the Stanton files in WB IBRD/IDA 03 EXC-11-02 which are focused on reorganization and space needs, the Haug files cover a very wide range of administrative matters and program topics. The Bank's increasing emphasis on environmental and social issues is reflected here, in such files as environment, forestry, population, and women in development. The monitoring of program operations can be traced in such files as annual sector reviews and strategy papers from Bank entities. Haug also had special interests in staff issues, reflected in files on outside interests and activities, the staff association, the staff retirement plan and staff compensation.

Haug brought some files with her to the President's office, including those on the Joint Committee on Staff Compensation and the Outside Interests Committee, from which she resigned when she joined the President's staff. In addition, a few documents from 1991 in the U.S. estate tax file post-date her tenure and presumably were filed by the President's office staff into Haug's subject file after she departed.

This series contains records of President Conable's meetings with Michel Camdessus, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, between June 1989 and July 1991. The records consist of meeting agendas, briefing notes, talking points, and minutes of the meetings. The topics include Bank and Fund collaboration and operations involving debt reduction, country matters, environmental issues, and preparations for Annual Meetings issues, among others.

The file was maintained by Jennifer Volk, an Executive Assistant to the President. The official file on the lunches is missing from the Liaison files - Non-governmental and international agencies; consequently the working file provides the existing information on the meetings of these two executives.

Shortly after assuming the Presidency, Barber Conable discontinued the Managing Committee that, during the Clausen years, had provided overall administrative control of the Bank. In its place Conable created an advisory body made up of the Bank Vice Presidents who reported directly to the President (some vice presidents reported to other vice presidents; they were excluded). This body was originally known as the Policy Committee, then renamed the President's Council in May 1988. It advised on policy decisions for consideration by the Executive Directors, on strategic objectives, resource mobilization and allocation, manpower strategies, and other managerial issues. A staff member in the President's office served as the secretary for the Committee/Council.

This series contains the official records of the Council, from May 1987 to July 1991, grouped in two subseries. The files in the first subseries, amounting to 10 linear feet, are the records of the weekly meetings of the Council, including agendas, minutes, reports, and documents discussed. The second subseries, 2 linear feet, is the set of papers distributed to the Council members for background information; the first seven files (of a total of nine) include a list at the beginning of the file providing the title of each document in the file, the originator, and the date. The files include a few pieces of correspondence and a few annotations and comments from Council members.

These records are an essential source for a researcher who wishes to understand the internal discussions in the Bank during the Conable years.

This series consists of four photograph albums of President and Mrs. McNamara's visits to Niger (March 5-6, 1972), Bolivia (March 7-9, 1976), Bangladesh (November 3-6, 1976), and Sri Lanka (November 20, 1978). The photographs arein black and white.

This series contains the minutes of the informal Executive Committee that started meeting weekly with the President on February 9, 1981. It was composed of the Senior Vice-Presidents, the Secretary and the General Counsel. Mattersdiscussed by the short-lived committee include the 1982-1986 lending program, the IBRD general capital increase, the IDA Sixth replenishment, the energy program, the PLO observers issue and staff compensation.

This series contains the records of President Preston's interaction with both Congressional and Executive branches of the U.S. Government. The files include information on legislation affecting the Bank or its staff, briefing notes and minutes of the meetings with the Members of Congress and senior officials in the Executive Branch, and correspondence with the White House. The file on the White House contains mostly records from the Conable Presidency.

This series consists of President Preston's files for the Annual Meetings and the records of the logistical arrangements made by his office staff. The general organization of the Annual Meeting is the responsibility of the Corporate Secretary, so the records in this series are those of the President himself and the arrangements made by and for his immediate office.

The records consist of agendas, background material, briefings, speeches, correspondence, and related records regarding the Annual Meetings. The 1993 and 1994 files include briefings on commercial banks and financial institutions and the 1993 files include a Reference book. Market that has briefings on the Bank's FY94 funding plan, official borrowings, and country briefs. The briefings provided to the President for these meetings give a useful snapshot of the state of the particular country or institution as of the date of the meeting.

This series contains both draft and final copies of Mr. Preston's speechesm, opening remarks, and addresses given to the Board of Governors and at Annual Meetings, United Nations' conferences, official luncheons, and farewells. The series is incomplete.

The files in this series contain Mr. Preston's travel itinerary; briefing books that include background on the country's economy, the Bank's lending program, projects under execution, country profile and map of the country; schedules; meetings with Heads of States and representatives of member countries; minutes of meetings; arrival and departure statements; press statements; and outgoing letters to the government subjects.

The series contains both the files that the President used on the trip and the administrative files created by the President's office, most often by Gisu Mohadjer, an Executive Assistant to Preston, during the preparation for the trips. In some cases, there are Gisu Mohadjer files for a trip as well as files that appear to be the President's copy for use during the trip. Often the Mohadjer file will contain some briefing materials as well as logistical information.

The records include photographs from Mr. Preston's trips to Tanzania, Venezuela, Morocco, and India.

This series contains President Preston's outgoing correspondence, principally letters, between December 1990 and May 1995, as well as some incoming correspondence addressed to Preston, and other correspondence originating in the Office of the President. The first file predates Preston's tenure at the Bank. As the series covers the entirety of Preston's term, records created during his leave of absence by acting President Stern and other Office staff are included.

Because the Preston records are scant, this series of formal outgoing letters provides an important overview of the external liaison activities in which the President engaged.

In February 1992, Lewis Preston ordered a study of the Bank's basic portfolio management and evaluation process for loans and credits. Headed by Willi Wapenhans, who was assigned to the President's office for the study, the Portfolio Management Task Force produced a report in September 1992 that is one of the most famous in the Bank's history. It argued that the Bank did not pay enough attention to the implementation and supervision of loans and that sustainable development impact is the true measure of success. The Wapenhans Report, as it came to be known, was presented to the Board of Executive Directors in November 1992. In January 1993 Preston assigned Visvanathan Rajagopalan, who as a vice president who had been a member of the advisory council to the Task Force, to coordinate discussions regarding the implementation of the recommendations in the Task Force report.

The files are in 2 parts. The first part is the files of Wapenhans as the chair of the Task Force. These files were inherited by Rajagopalan as he worked on the implementation of the report during 1993. The second are the files of Rajagopalan, both a file regarding the work of the Task Force that he had maintained while he was the Vice President, Sector and Operations Policy, and files that he created during the follow-up period.

This series is the central source for information on the work of the Task Force. It includes the record of the discussion of the Executive Directors at the time the Task Force was formed and the background documents for the meeting of the Executive Directors after the report was issued, the minutes of the meetings of the Task Force from March through June and the audio tapes and the transcripts of a 2 day meeting with partner organizations (cofinancers), and feeder studies on topics ranging from the Bank's internal culture to the use of information technology.

This series contains records compiled by Visvanathan Rajagopalan in his capacity as Chairman of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The records include his correspondence, agendas and travel plans for meetings, copies of papers presented at meetings or circulated prior to meetings, copies of his introductory remarks delivered at meetings, his briefing books for International Centers Week (the annual meeting of the international agricultural research centers that form the CGIAR network), and scattered reports of the CGIAR Oversight Committee and its Technical Advisory Committee. Correspondence covers meeting arrangements; appointments, salaries, and other personnel matters affecting staff; and resource allocations. The series includes a small amount of the correspondence of Wilfried Thalwitz, Rajagopalan's predecessor as chair of CGIAR.

This series contains transcripts of speeches and remarks Visvanathan Rajagopalan delivered as Chairman of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and as Vice President and Special Adviser to PresidentPreston. Most of the speeches concern CGIAR, but other topics range from the engineer's role in sustainable development to safe motherhood; food security; the Bank's activities in environment and infrastructure; integrating women's issues in project, sector, and economic work; the World Conference on Education for All; and malaria control. The series includes Rajagopalan's remarks at his retirement party.

Visvanathan Rajagopalan maintained a series of subject files during his period as Vice President, Operations, and as Special Adviser to the President. Some of the files contain information spanning both periods, while others contain information from only one. Some files are purely topical (environment, for example) while others are on a specific meeting (for example, the file on Bellagio III) or a particular type of meeting (Bank senior staff retreats from 1987 through 1992).

Rajagopalan's files on development effectiveness provide useful background to the Wapenhans report controversy. Finally, during his tenure as Special Adviser Rajagopalan served briefly as the manager of the Information, Technology and Facilities Department, and a number of files deal with ITF management issues.

The series concerns the expansion, retrofit and reconstruction options for buildings occupied by the Bank in Washington, DC (known as Buildings A, B, C, D, E, F and I). It is the most complete set of records in the President's office on space issues facing the Bank.

More than half of the files are reports submitted to the Bank by architects, real estate appraisers, and real estate developers. The internal memoranda and external correspondence cover such topics as the space needs of the Bank, real estate values, and the acquisition and sale of properties, in particular the agreement between the Bank and the IFC regarding the transfer of the responsibility for the IFC building. The International Monetary Fund's expansion is the subject of one file.

The series consists of FY88 budget appeals and the effect of reorganization on the budget, budget policy and discussions, planning and budget guidelines; a budget framework paper; records of midyear budget reviews, the FY89 work program, and budgets for regional offices. The records also include the initial budget guidelines provided to the senior management group by President Conable.

This chronological file consists of copies of the outgoing letters and memoranda, both those handled for President Conable by Marianne Haug and Haug's own correspondence. The records begin in July 1985 when Haug was the Assistant Director of the Industry Department, continue through her service as Assistant Director, West Africa Projects, and conclude in May 1990 at the end of her stay in the President's office. A few incoming letters are included. The files for the periods mid-October 1985 through March 1986, October through December 1986, and mid-March through June 1989 are missing.

The files are useful both for their window onto the issues handled in the president's office and also for the glimpse they give of Haug's work as the first woman to serve as an Executive Assistant to the President of the Bank.

This series consists of the records maintained by J. William Stanton concerning Bank's 1987 reorganization. They include internal Bank correspondence, presentations, and follow-up reports describing the successes and weaknesses of the 1987 reorganization efforts. The files also include correspondence and reports from management consultants in connection with the 1987 reorganization, memos of Stanton's discussions with President Conable, and reorganization reports of the Steering Committee and the Support Units Task Force.

This series of consists of correspondence and copies of curricula vitae from people interested in employment with the Bank. The records also include thank you letters and letters of recommendation from applicants.

This series contains fragments of John J. McCloy's correspondence with political leaders and prominent businessmen during his time as President of the World Bank from March 1947 to May 1949. The most substantial bodies of correspondence are with Emilio G. Collado, U.S. Executive Director of the World Bank, 1946-1947; Russell C. Leffingwell, Chairman of the Executive Committee of J.P. Morgan and Co. Inc.; and Bernard H. Baruch, American financier and stock investor.

The correspondence with Emilio Collado consists of letters and memoranda to McCloy regarding World Bank activities, including excerpts from memoranda Collado prepared for U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson and a document entitled "Note Relating to a Debt Limit" dated May 1947. McCloy's correspondence with Russell C. Leffingwell includes substantive comments on topics related to the Bank and its operations, such as money stabilization, sterling devaluation, the Bank's lending philosophy, and the prospects for European recovery under the MarshallPlan. Letters to and from Bernard H. Baruch include: a letter related to an Export Import Bank loan to England; a letter sent by Baruch to John Snyder, U.S. Treasury Secretary, on how to stimulate production in the world; and a copy of McCloy's memoranda to Snyder on lending.

Also included are McCloy's answers to questions from U.S. House of Representatives member Howard Buffet and U.S. Senator Leverett Saltonstall. Finally, a letter from Secretary of the Treasury John Snyder forwarding an August 1947 memoranda by U.S. President Harry Truman is also included. It concerns U.S. Ambassador to Chile Claude Bowers' complaint about Wall Street control over the operations of the Bank.

Contains records related to the daily scheduling of President Wolfensohn's activities. Schedules cover activities related to both his roles as World Bank Group president as well as a private citizen, although in the case of the latter less detail is included. World Bank Group business and personal activities often overlap.

Records include daily schedules for President Wolfensohn and indicate travel, meetings, meeting participants, and other activities. Daily schedules are available for nearly every day of President Wolfensohn's presidency. In some cases when President Wolfensohn was on extended travel, a separate schedule bundle was created in place of, or in addition to, regular daily schedules and these are included as well. In a small number of cases, briefing material accompanies the travel schedule.

Other materials include long-term monthly calendars printed off monthly or bimonthly for the following six months.

Series contains video and audio recordings of internal and external speeches, appearances, interviews, and other events participated in by President Wolfensohn or otherwise related to the activities of the Office of the President (EXC). Documentation of these events was usually undertaken by the Bank's general services staff at the request of the Office of the President or was done externally after which physical copies of the recording were shared with the World Bank Group (WBG).

The materials in this series document a variety of appearances made by President Wolfensohn during his tenure as WBG president. These can include President Wolfensohn's participation at both meetings and events organized by the WBG and those organized externally. Internal events range from Spring and Annual Meeting addresses to town halls and internal meetings with senior managers, country directors, individual units (i.e. Operations Evaluation Department [OED], Middle East and North Africa Vice Presidency [MNAVP]), internal events (CEO Day, the unveiling of the river blindness statue), and so on.

External events include those held at various forums, events, colleges and universities, conferences, etc. Addresses are documented from various forums, events, and conferences held around the world.

Media appearances and interviews with members of the media are also included. These are generally with television news networks and shows. Examples include interviews with Nova Mova (a Ukrainian television program), the Korean BroadcastingSystem (KBS), and Pamela Wallin Live, a Canadian journalist. News coverage of President Wolfensohn's visits to other countries is also included as are recordings of press conferences participated in by President Wolfensohn.

Footage from President Wolfensohn's mission travel is also included, including materials from travel to Vietnam, Indonesia, Rwanda, Tajikistan, Korea, and many more.

Note that some items in this series are accompanied by print outs of record filing logs which indicate the existence of accompanying briefing materials for the event or appearance documented in the audio-visual item. See the "Related units of description" for the location of these related materials.

A small number of externally produced television programs with which the World Bank Group and/or President Wolfensohn participated or had a connection are also included, such as We Are the Future (2004) and Dobri Duh Starog Mosta (2004).

This series consists of records created and received by the Office of the President's (EXC) Middle Office. The Middle Office was responsible for managing the president's activities, including mission travel, meetings, and appearances; this included confirming trip dates, planning trips, and planning briefing books and pre-trip briefings. The office also supported the president's participation in speaking engagements and press conferences, including speechwriting. It also received and managed photographs, press clippings, and other memorabilia. The president's chief of staff, who headed the Middle Office, played an advisory role to the president.

Series consists of chronological files of Rachel Lomax who served in the role of President Wolfensohn's chief of staff from September 1995 to August 1996. Records primarily date from September and October 1995. A small number of materials date from July 1995. Lomax's chronological files primarily consist of incoming correspondence addressed directly to Lomax or received by her as courtesy or for her information. Lomax organized her chronological folders according to recipient and/or broad groupings of WBG organizational entities such as vice presidents, executive directors, Office of External Relations (EXT), and Office of the President (EXC). Topics contained in each of these groupings often overlap. They include: 1995 Board of Governors Annual Meeting planning; planning for other meetings involving President Wolfensohn, including the Development Committee and meetings and retreats with executive directors; planning for President Wolfensohn's mission travel; responses to correspondence and invitations received by the president; drafting speeches for President Wolfensohn; division of responsibilities in EXC; debt and debt relief; WBG operations, specifically potentially controversial projects; organizational restructuring or reorganization; and various other topics. Records relating to EXT and EXT Vice President Mark Malloch Brown primarily consist of press clippings forwarded to Lomax by EXT, but also include records relating to various activities of President Wolfensohn, including meetings, speeches, and press availability.

A small amount of correspondence between Lomax and external individuals is also included. This correspondence primarily relates to information sharing and invitations to events, although some relates to various topics involving President Wolfensohn and the Office of the President.

A chronological file relating to Josie Bassinette, assistant in the Office of the President, is also included. Records relate to topics in her purview and primarily take the form of internal and external correspondence. Bassinette's areas of responsibility included vice presidential unit (VPU) meetings, Board of Governors Annual Meetings, Board of Executive Directors and Secretary's Department, Controllers, personnel, legal, and WBG operations. Correspondence dates from January 1996 to October 1996. A small amount of memoranda and notes to President Wolfensohn are also included.

Also included in this series are subject files stored in the Middle Office classified as "strictly confidential". It is likely that most of these records were created or received by Xavier Coll, who served as President Wolfensohn's chief of staff from December 2001 to October 2004.

Subject file records date from 1999 to 2005 (predominant April 2001 to December 2004) and cover a number of topics in various forms, including: a draft work program for the faith and ethics agenda; correspondence andupdates from the WBG Office of Ethics and Business Conduct, Department of Institutional Integrity (INT), and Conflict Resolution System; briefing materials for President Wolfensohn's meetings with executive directors, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) staff and from meetings on the WBG anti-corruption strategy. Records related to performance evaluation of WBG vice presidents and EXC staff, including managing directors, are also included as are records related to the hiring of the MIGA Executive Vice President in 2003. A Memorandum for the Record authored by WBG Managing Director Mamphela Ramphele is included and consists

of a survey of her contributions to the WBG and a selection of speeches and articles authored by Ramphele. Other topics discussed in the subject files include: correspondence unit activities, presidential succession, presidential security, EXC budget, and 2002 and 2004 WBG staff surveys.

This series contains internal correspondence sent and received by President Wolfensohn from the beginning of his tenure in 1995 to the end of 1999. Beginning in 2000, internal and external correspondence was filed together physically and managed together in a single sequence in the document management database. Internal and external correspondence from this period have not been separated, resulting in internal correspondence from 2000 to 2005 being arranged together with external correspondence elsewhere in this subfonds.

The majority of the internal correspondence in this series is initiated by incoming correspondence. Most of the correspondence is with the World Bank Group's (WBG) senior management, including managing directors and vice presidents, although correspondence involving other upper-level WBG staff is also included. Correspondence takes the form of memoranda and printed-off emails and can sometimes include accompanying information in the form of reports and informal notes.

A small amount of communication in this series was initiated by President Wolfensohn or the Office of the President (EXC). The purpose of most correspondence initiated by the president or EXC was to seek information, updates, or opinion from Bank Group staff.

Upon receiving or initiating a piece of correspondence, the item was logged by EXC's correspondence unit in the document management system, EnCorr, and given a reference number. With just a few exceptions from the beginning of President Wolfensohn's tenure in 1995, a profile for each internal correspondence was not created as it was for external correspondence. Instead, the database reference number was handwritten on the first page of the correspondence. Instructions on how to handle or proceed with correspondence, if included, are provided in the form of handwritten notes added to the first page of the correspondence package or provided in additional email or memoranda that is stapled to the correspondence. In some cases, correspondence in the form of memoranda or printed-off emails reach President Wolfensohn who then made handwritten responses directly on the initial correspondence; his notes are then included in an email response to the original sender.

The topics covered in the correspondence are varied and include: updates on WBG projects; geopolitical and country economic updates; submission of draft reports for review; discussion of staffing, appointments, and other matters related to personnel management; summaries or minutes from meetings with WBG departments; and media engagement (in the form of sharing media clippings or preparation for media engagement). Correspondence with the Board of Executive Directors and with individual executive directors is also included.

This series consists of external correspondence received by President Wolfensohn during his tenure as World Bank Group president. It also includes internal correspondence received by the president from 2000 to the end of his tenure in 2005. Internal and external correspondence was, from the beginning of Wolfensohn's tenure in 1995 to the end of 1999, managed separately and in separate sequences in the Office of the President's (EXC) document management database. Internal correspondence from this period is arranged elsewhere in this subfonds. Beginning in 2000, external and internal correspondence were combined and have not been separated, resulting in the inclusion of internal correspondence from 2000 to 2005 in this series.

The majority of external correspondence files are initiated by incoming correspondence. These take the form of letters, faxes, and emails and can sometimes include accompanying information in the form of brochures, fact sheets, reports, and similar. A small amount of external communication is initiated by the Office of the President (EXC). The purpose of this type of correspondence can include expressions of congratulations or gratitude, requests for participation in programs or conferences, or requests for donations.

Upon receiving or initiating a correspondence, the letter was logged in the correspondence management database and given a reference number. A profile for each piece of correspondence was completed and, in almost all cases, this information was added to the physical file in the form of an "External Correspondence Profile". The profile includes a description of the correspondence (name, organization, addressee at the WBG, date, and topic) and the WBG office and individual designated for action. In most cases, the "action" is to draft a response either for the president's signature or by a member of WBG senior management in the president's place; in these cases, instructions and a due date are provided. In addition to the profile, each external correspondence package may consist of internal memoranda or emails discussing the response (including related past communications and other materials to provide background information) and the response itself. In some cases, responses to correspondence were made by telephone and this is noted in the internal correspondence or on the correspondence profile. In others, it is determined that no response is necessary and this is noted in the instructions in the correspondence profile. Generally, all materials relating to a single correspondence are stapled together. Some of the incoming correspondence is in a language other than English; in these cases, an English translation is usually provided either by the correspondent or by the Bank.

The types of external correspondents included in this series are wide-ranging. They include: country leaders, government officials, and diplomats; international organizations; non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other members of civil society; foundations; academic and research institutions; public figures; and private citizens.

Note that the correspondence unit also received and logged personal correspondence received by President Wolfensohn. Following its registration, personal correspondence was managed separately and is not included in this series. However, as the personal correspondence was logged, it did receive a reference number and this explains the missing items in the reference numbering sequence. In later years, beginning in 2002, a paper was inserted into the physical correspondence that read "JDW Personal Mail (No File Copy)".

The topics covered in the correspondence are varied. They include: requests for financial support or information; expressions of gratitude and congratulations; invitations for the president to visit a country or organization, to participate in conferences, to speak at events, or to contribute an article; invitations for the president to attend social events; knowledge and information sharing; and networking and making connections.

As noted, this series includes internal correspondence received and sent by President Wolfensohn from 2000 to the end of his tenure in 2005. Internal correspondence makes up a very small percentage of the records during this time. Correspondents generally include members of the WBG's senior management and relate to information sharing, responses to President Wolfensohn's requests for information, discussion of personnel decisions, updates on projects, and courtesy copies of correspondence between other WBG staff.

This series consists of records relating to preparation for President Wolfensohn's participation in meetings and other engagements with the World Bank Group's (WBG) Board of Executive Directors. The Board plays a role in deciding on proposals made by the WBG president relating to loans, credits, and guarantees, new policies, and administrative budget. The WBG president serves as chairman of the Board, meeting regularly with the Board of Executive Directors, both formally and informally. Records in this series relate to both formal meetings between President Wolfensohn, WBG leadership, and the Board as well as informal meetings on specific topics often consisting of individual or small groups of executive directors and the president.

Records in this series primarily take the form of briefing materials created for President Wolfensohn. Briefing materials for formal meetings of the Board are primarily compiled by Office of the President (EXC) staff and WBG senior leadership, including managing directors and vice presidents. Generally, these briefing materials are not as organized or consistent as other briefing materials created for the president; they usually lack cover sheets and indexes and internal correspondence and correspondence with executive directors is often included along with other material.

Briefing materials for most formal Board meetings include a "Document Log" sheet at the beginning or end of the records that is generated by EXC's document management system. The log usually contains information about: the meeting (agenda, participants, etc.); nature of President Wolfensohn's participation; and the roles and support provided by WBG staff.

Other briefing materials include Bank reports, minutes from past Board and non-Board meetings, talking points, and summaries of comments submitted to the president on specific topics. Also note that, while the WBG president chairs meetings with the Board of Directors, WBG leadership and staff are often responsible for presenting proposed projects, policies, or other topics. As such, briefing material includes presentation materials, either in the form of notes or presentation slides, authored and disseminated by WBG staff.

Briefing materials for informal meetings can include a covers sheet describing the origin and purpose of the meeting, background materials on topics to be discussed, biographies of meeting counterparts, and internal correspondence relating to the planning and preparation for the meeting. Briefing materials for ad hoc events involving executive directors, such as seminars, dinners, or field trips, contain records similar to above as well as logistical information.

This series consists of records relating to preparation for President Wolfensohn's participation in the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG) Board of Governors and the Spring Meetings of the IMF and WBG Board of Governors. These records primarily take the form of briefing materials containing logistical information, talking points, and background information on countries and topics to be discussed at individual meetings.

The IMF and WBG Board of Governors Annual Meetings take place annually in the fall and alternate between the WBG's headquarters in Washington, D.C. and, every third year, in a member country. The Spring Meetings take place annually in the spring in Washington, D.C. During Annual Meetings, the WBG and IMF Boards of Governors meet in plenary sessions where broader policy discussions related to the two institutions is discussed. Meetings of the WBG-IMF Development Committee and the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) take place at both the Annual and Spring Meetings, as do other meetings and events where representatives of civil society organizations, journalists, private sector executives, academics, WBG and IMF staff, and representatives of other international organizations also participate.

During both Annual and Spring Meetings, the WBG president participates in many of the aforementioned meetings as well as bilateral meetings with member country leaders and senior officials, representatives of civil society including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), business leaders, and others. He also delivers an opening address and participates in media availabilities and social events.

Records in this series primarily take the form of briefing materials prepared in advance of meetings and other events participated in by President Wolfensohn during Annual and Spring Meetings. A smaller amount of briefing materials included in this series relate to preparatory meetings involving President Wolfensohn held prior to the Annual and Spring Meetings. Thematic briefing materials which are prepared not for specific meetings but for the president's general briefing on specific topics are also included.

Briefing materials vary in size and types of information. Most folders include a "Document Log" sheet that is generated by EXC's document management system. The log contains a field for information related to the meeting or event; information may include meeting name, participants list, contacts' information, venue, and other notes. Logs for thematic briefing materials often contain an index.

Note that handwritten notes, presumably by President Wolfensohn as well as others, are sometimes found on the records in this series.

The most common type of briefing materials are those created in support of the president's bilateral meetings with country delegations. These records can include: a list of participants; biographies of meeting participants; key issues for discussion; issues to be raised by meeting counterparts (often shared by the counterpart prior to the meeting); notes on the country's engagement with the WBG (i.e. loans, IDA contributions, procurement, trust funds, etc.); notes from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); minutes from past meetings; recent relevant correspondence with representatives of the country; and recent internal memoranda in which the country was discussed.

Briefing materials for the president's participation in Development Committee and IMFC meetings are included in this series. Records can include a seating chart, constituency list, list of observers, agenda, steering brief from the committee's executive secretary, Development Committee communique, background on topics to be discussed, and talking points for President Wolfensohn's participation.

Briefing materials for the president's meetings with civil society and NGOs and regional governors (group meetings including the WBG president and multiple governors of individual regions) are also included in this series and consist of similar materials as described above. President Wolfensohn also participated in meetings and townhalls during Annual and Spring Meetings in which he made speeches; materials related to these activities are also included in this series.

Briefing materials created in preparation for engagements with the media are also included in this series. These engagements can include interviews and press conferences with media from around the world during which various topics are discussed. Materials can consist of a suggested main message or talking points, background resources, and question and answer documents containing suggested answers to specific questions. Transcripts of media engagements, including press conferences, are sometimes included. Also included are folders of press coverage which generally consist of newspaper clippings, journal articles, or printed out online articles that relate to Annual or Spring.

Thematic briefing binders relate to a variety of operational and administrative topics and are created as needed for general use but especially for media appearances. A thematic briefing binder can contain between 20-30 topics such as debt and debt sustainability, IDA, budget and compensation, trade, education, human rights, the environment, etc. Briefing materials can consist of notes created specifically for the briefing, reports or portions of reports, internal correspondence or memoranda, etc.