Series consists of a set of country files which combines communications from the secretariats of the Staff Economic Committee (SEC) and its successor Economic Committee (EC) and reports circulated to committee members for review during a meeting of the committee, for written comment, or for information. Records relate exclusively to the review of country-related reports as opposed to general sector or Bank policy reports.

Records in this series include the full range of correspondence, memoranda, and reports circulated as part of the committee's activities between 1965 and 1972; there are a very small number of records dating from 1962 to 1964. Records relating to committee communications include: memoranda proposing meetings by committee members; conclusions and recommendations on papers; notes of meetings; memoranda submitted by committee members who could not attend meetings containing their comments on reports; attendance lists; informal notes for discussion for upcoming meetings; memoranda on the meeting of an EC subcommittee that previously reviewed the report; and meetings minutes.

Reports circulated by the committee secretariat for review and other materials circulated for information and background are also included in this series. Records include: press releases; briefing papers; portions of president's reports and recommendations on projects submitted to the Executive Directors; mission Terms of Reference; Country Economic Briefs, Country Program Notes, and Country Program Papers; and International Development Association (IDA) operations briefs on specific countries.

Note that in some report folders, only a secretariat's cover letter is included, indicating the title of a draft report that was previously attached and the date when either comments are requested or when a meeting will be held to discuss the report. In these cases, the actual report is not included and the folder title indicates "no report attached".

Series contains communications primarily circulated by the Staff Economic Committee (SEC, 1952-1965) and Economic Committee (EC, 1965-1972) secretariats to the members of the committee. In rare cases, records included in this series were circulated by the committee's chairperson. Beginning in July 1965 with the reconstitution of SEC as the EC, communications include an "Economic Committee" cover stencil and are classified according to what kind of document it is; in the case of the records in this series, EC/A (notice of meeting) and EC/M (notice of meeting, conclusions and recommendations, and minutes) are used.

Generally, only a single document is included in each folder; a single document may, however, include attachments in the form of reports or other documents that will be reviewed by the committee or used as reference. Communications include: minutes from the meeting (dated either the same day as the meeting or within two weeks) which usually document the highlights of a meeting listed in chronological order; notes from the meeting, which are more formal in that they have topical subsections often including a "conclusions and recommendations" section; and standalone "Conclusions and Recommendations". In small amounts, "Notice of Meeting" memoranda relating to upcoming meetings are included. These can include meeting agendas and logistical information. Notice of Meeting memoranda can also include attachments such as reports to be reviewed or supporting documentation to be considered.

A relatively small number of records relating to the communications of EC subcommittees dating from 1965 to 1967 are also included in this series. As part of the 1965 reconstitution of SEC into the new EC, subcommittees were created and given the responsibility to review drafts of country- and region-related reports for quality review prior to consideration by the full EC. The majority of the reports reviewed by the subcommittees are "Current Economic Position and Prospects" for individual countries. Records include the notes of the subcommittee meetings and a list of those in attendance. Most subcommittee records are classified as EC/F.

This series also contains three folders dating from 1970 to 1972 that include distribution lists of committee members, procedures on how to write and distribute committee materials, schedules of meetings, and memoranda discussing administrative matters of the secretariat.

Series contains draft reports and related materials circulated by the Economic Committee (EC) secretariat to committee members for review during a meeting of the committee, for written comment, or for information. In rare cases, the report is circulated by the committee chairperson. Most of the files included in this series use the classification system imposed following the reconstitution, in 1965, of the Staff Economic Committee (SEC) as the Economic Committee. Those files that include classification in their titles are classified as EC/O, or reports distributed to committee members, most but not all under review by the committee.

Note that in some report folders, only a secretariat's cover letter is included, indicating the title of a draft report that was previously attached and the date when either comments are requested, or a meeting will be held to discuss the report. In these cases, the actual report is not included, and the folder title indicates "no report attached".

The majority of the EC's time was given to review of reports focused on the economies and development prospects of individual countries. As such, most of the draft reports included in this series are Country Program Papers (CPPs, October 1969 to October 1972), Country Program Notes, Recent Economic Developments, or other general country economic reports. A small number of more focused country reports relating to the review of a specific aspect of that country's economy are included; these are generally focused on economic sectors suchas transportation, agriculture, energy, etc.

Draft reports relating to non-country-specific topics that were circulated to committee members are also included in this series. Reports date from 1965 to 1970. Some folders include the report as well as "correspondence" which generally refers to memoranda or other documents distributed in support of the review of the report under consideration.

Also contained in this series are draft versions of country economic profiles in the form of "Country Economic Briefs" prepared in 1968 by the Economic and Area Departments with contributions by the EC. These profiles were created, as described in the collection's preface, "to be a ready reference on the economies of World Bank Group members and of the World Bank Group's economic policy attitude towards them." The intention was to upgrade and update the material when more information became available. The briefs may include: a brief discussion of the country's economic situation and development challenges, authored by Area Departments; conclusions and recommendations prepared by the EC; a data brief, compiled by the Economic and Area Departments; and the latest economic map available highlighting topics such as land use, manufacturing centers, resource areas, etc.

A set of Five-Year Program Papers from 1968-69 are also included in this series. These economic profiles duplicate much of what is included in the Country Economic Briefs. The primary addition, which is not included for every folder, is memoranda summarizing the current development outlook for the country. This includes discussion of key problems and issues, creditworthiness, Bank actions, and tables documenting Bank project lending.

The series includes a small collection of monthly reports on Bank lending operations dating from 1969 and 1970. It is unclear if these tables were circulated to committee members or if they served as reference material for the committee's secretariat. The reports each focus on active or potential Bank-funded projects and consist oftwo types: reports on appraisal and negotiations of a project; and preparation and identification of a project. The former charts the progress of the appraisal and negotiations through 12 steps, from "decision to send appraisal mission" to "loan or credit signed." Each step includes an original forecast date, the previous month's forecast, and the current forecast or actual date. Reports on the preparation and identification of projects list the latest step completed as well as pre-investment studies required. Both types of reports include the option for notes and are signed by the Loan Officer.

Monthly reports describing expected economic missions by Area Departments and the staffing needs related to that mission travel are also included. Reports, beginning in January 1969, initially included expected mission travel and staff required for the following six months. Beginning in September 1969, reports began providing this information for the twelve months. While it is likely that all of these reports were circulated to committee members, beginning in September 1969 each report includes a cover letter indicating that the report was sent to committee members by the committee's secretariat. The final report provides planned mission travel for April 1970 to June 1971.

The records in this series contain the reports, correspondence, and studies compiled by the Directors of OED (OEDDR). The Director is selected by the Director-General, Operations Evaluation (DGO), and is responsible for the overall management of the OED. Principal functions include:

• assisting the Director-General in making periodic assessments of the adequacy and effectiveness of the operations evaluation system in light of the institutional objectives of the World Bank;

• carrying out reviews of the Bank's completion reports and other self-evaluations, performance audits on selected completed projects, impact evaluations, and evaluation studies focusing on operational programs, policies, strategies, and processes;

• assisting member countries to develop their own operations evaluation capacities; and

• disseminating evaluation findings both within the Bank and to the wider development community.

The series contains the records of Christopher R. Willoughby, who was the first Director of OED. Primarily consisting of memoranda, these records document the early development of the operations evaluation function and of the Operations Evaluation Department in the 1970s. Also contained in this file are records of subsequent OED Directors from the 1980s and 1990s. These records relate to a variety of topics.

Series consists of records related to Wood's work in the China Division of the East Asia and Pacific Regional Vice Presidency (EAPVP) in which he worked from 1980 to 1985. Records primarily consist of hand-written notes taken by Wood during three separate trips to China.

Records relate to Wood's travel to China undertaken between October and December 1980 in support of the preparation of the World Bank publication China: Socialist Economic Development (1981). The nine-volume report was the Bank's first report on the Chinese economy. Wood served as the publication's principal economist. Records include notes Woods created during his attendance at two rounds of meetings in Beijing, and field notes from travel to Gansu province and Sichuan province. Meeting and field notes are divided into three sections reflecting these engagements. Photos related to the mission are also included, as are lists ofofficials met with by Wood's mission team and correspondence from 1991 between Wood and Zhu Fu Lin, a contact he made during the 1980 mission.

Records relating to Wood's mission to China in July 1982 to participate in the Moganshan conference on economic reform in China are included. The conference was organized by the World Bank and China's Price Research Centre, whose aim was dialogue between East European and Chinese economists. The entire engagement consisted of: a meeting of World Bank and East European participants on July 5, 1982 at Wolfson College, Oxford, England; an introductory meeting on July 9, 1982 with Chinese counterparts in Beijing; the conference at a resort on Mo Gan mountain in Zhejiang province from July 11-16, 1982; visits to Chinese cities (Wood and his team visited Shanghai and Chongqing between July 18-26, 1982); and final plenary meetings in Beijing on July 27-29, 1982. Records relating to the conference consist of: Terms of Reference; handwritten meeting and field notes; and photos.

Also included are records relating to Wood's travel to China in 1983, 1984, and 1985 for preparation of the World Bank report China: Long-Term Issues and Options (1985), for which Wood served as deputy mission chief and coordinator of the main report. Records are divided into six parts: a report planning note, authored by Wood, dated February 16, 1983; notes from meetings held in Beijing from September 13-19, 1983, to discuss planning of the report; notes on system reform from February and April-May 1984 missions; notes from February 13-23, 1984 mission to Beijing and Wuhan; notes from April-May 1984 mission to Beijing, Jiangsu, and Gansu; and notes from March 1985 mission during which a draft version of the report was discussed and high-level meetings with Chinese officials were held. Supplementary folders contain photos from the mission and documents related to the 1985 report, consisting of contact lists and a memo on income distribution data given to the economic mission.

Records in this series also relate to World Bank support for China's investment decisions, project planning, and shadow pricing. Records dating from 1981 to 1984 include: Bank memoranda on these topics; handwritten notes from relevant meetings and missions; notes relating to the preparation of a project appraisal manual for the China Investment Bank (CIB) and the finalized CIB appraisal manual titled "Appraisal Manual for Industrial Credit Projects" dated March 1983; and two papers titled "Economic Evaluation of Investment Projects: Possibilities and Problems of Applying Western Methods in China" (authored by Wood) and "Economic Analysis of Aluminum Milling in Shanghai" (authored by Wood and Shinji Ichishima). A photo from November 1981 from a Beijing meeting with the CIB manual team is also included.

Records in this series relate to activities in which Adrian Wood participated following his departure from the World Bank in 1985 and which relate to his ongoing work on China. This work took the form of consultancies for the World Bank, participation in conferences, presentations, and writing. Records relate to the following activities: participation in the Bashan Lun ("boat") conference (1985); various seminars and lectures on China (1985-1992); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) consultancy on system reform in Vietnam and China (1989-90); World Bank consultancy in support of China's Country Economic Memorandum (1989, report published in 1990); and research and writing on joint stock companies, enterprise reform, public ownership, and market economy transition. Records consist of conference programs, lists of conference participants, conference invitations, presentation notes and slides, field notes, journey reports, papers, and unpublished materials. Photos related to many of the activities listed above are also included in this series.

This series also consists of materials related to retrospective writings and presentations on China by Wood. Included are: an article that accompanied the reprinting of the 1985 report "China: Long-Term Development Issues and Options"; notes and slides from a 2017 presentation in Beijing on practical lessons from China's low-to-middle income transition; notes and slides from a 2017 presentation at the University of Oxford called "The Evolving Influence of Socialism on China?s Economic Development"; and notes and slides for the final version of a lecture Wood gave numerous times between 2005 and 2015 titled "Trade, Development and China: Applying Heckscher-Ohlin Theory".

Note that a number of the papers and presentation materials in this series are available in both paper and electronic format.

The series consists of records relating to the preparation of the annual World Development Report (WDR), including correspondence sent electronically within the WDR team (DECWD), to other parts of DEC, and to other World Bank Group organizations. The WDR team reported directly to DECVP. The team had primary responsibility for the Bank assessment of the state of the global economy found in the annual WDR and for selecting an aspect of development to be analyzed in depth for the annual report. The series also contains reference materials, including internal research and discussion reports and external publications. Records in this series reflect the process of information gathering, analysis, and review involved in the preparation of the annual WDR, including briefing of the Bank president. Also documented is the collaboration that took place with other Bank Group organizations for information and data needed for the report as well as consultation with outside groups including NGOs. Summaries of meetings at which the WDR was discussed are in the series.

This series contains photographs documenting internal and external meetings, speaking engagements, appearances, mission travel, and other events participated in by President Wolfensohn or otherwise related to the activities of the Office of the President (EXC). Most photographs are taken by World Bank Group (WBG) photographers, although some were apparently taken by country offices hosting the president or by host countries or organizations who similarly documented the event and shared the photographs withthe EXC. In the case of photos shared by other parties, a letter or note that accompanied the photos is sometimes included.

Materials in this series are almost all photograph prints; a very small number of slides, negatives, and contact sheets are also included. Photographic prints range in dimension. The majority are color but black and white photos are also included.

Most photographs are in file folders, while some are in envelopes or, in even lesser number, scrapbooks. The number of photos in folders and envelopes generally range from one to ten photos, although there are instances where a folder can contain more than fifty photos, particularly those related to mission travel. A very small number of the photos are housed in frames, likely as the result of being given to President Wolfensohn as a gift.

Photos from President Wolfensohn's mission travel are the most numerable and cover a wide variety of activities, from meeting with country heads of state, government ministers, civic leaders, and private citizens, to touring cultural sites and WBG project. Mission travel includes both visits to country members who receive World Bank Group loans as well as travel to countries that fund and donate WBG operations. A number of travel-related photographs are of Elaine Wolfensohn, President Wolfensohn's wife, who accompanied him on much of his mission travel and would often tour project and cultural sites and meet with local people independently. A small number of photograph albums sent from country governments and/or representatives that had hosted President Wolfensohn are also included in this series.

Photos related to non-mission travel activities, primarily internal to the WBG or at events in the Washington, D.C. area, are also included. These include photos from the WBG / International Monetary Fund (IMF) Board of Governors Spring and Annual Meetings as well as internal events participated in or attended by President Wolfensohn, such as loan signings, social events, and staff recognition events. Photos with senior World Bank Group staff are also included.

A small number of photos not directly related to President Wolfensohn or EXC are also included in this series. These photos presumably were used for publications or communications originating in EXC. They include photos of senior staff, loan signings, World Bank Articles of Agreement signing, and country photos. Some of these photos date from prior to President Wolfensohn's tenure or are undated.

A small amount of textual materials accompany photos.These are primarily Document Log sheets generated by EXC and contain a description and date of the photo. Receipts generated by the internal printing unit are also included in a small number of folders. Records dating from 2004-05 that relate to the management and digitization of photos in this series are also included. Other textual materials sometimes found in folders alongside photos include agendas and itineraries from meetings and mission travel documented in the photos.

A small number of publications have been included in this series. These are generally travel or tourist publications that were either collected by WBG staff during President Wolfensohn's mission travel or gifted to President Wolfensohn during mission travel. Of these publications only one, a photo album commemorating the 1997 Annual Meetings in Hong Kong, relates directly to the World Bank Group.

Series consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence on a variety of topics. Correspondence takes the form of faxes, letters, and memoranda.

External correspondents include: staff members and diplomats at the United Nations; representatives of energy and environment-related organizations; leaders in the financial sector; government officials from various countries; academic institutions; and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

Series includes internal memos to President Wolfensohn. These are generally brief and relate to information sharing, mission and meeting briefing, planning and logistics, brief advisory submissions, and reports on Strong's activities. Other memos are to World Bank Group (WBG) senior management including managing directors and vice presidents. Topics are wide-ranging.

Faxes from Strong's office at the WBG to Strong's assistant are included. These generally include information for upcoming meetings and logistical information provided to Strong when he was away from Washington, DC

A small amount of correspondence relate to Strong's separate roles as chairman of the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Earth Council.

This series mainly contains records that were created and/or maintained by John M. Kalbermatten between the 1970s and 1980 while working as an adviser and then a consultant in both urban and rural water supply initiatives in various iterations of the water sector departments (i.e., Public Utilities Department-PBP; Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Department Office of the Director-EWTDR; Transportation, Water, and Telecommunications Water and Wastes Advisory Staff-TWTWW).

Kalbermatten contributed to World Bank policies and training on water supply and rural development, as well as research on appropriate water supply and sanitation technology. This series also contains records authored by other individuals, primarily by Yves Rovani (1972 - 1980: director, Public Utilities Projects Department-PBP; director, Energy, Water & Telecommunications Department-EWT) and Richard Middleton (1972 - 1978: sanitary engineer, Public Utilities Division-WAPPB; sanitary engineer, Public Utilities Division Office of theDirector-PBPDR; senior sanitary engineer, Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Office of the Director-EWTDR).

Records contain information relating to a panel on Measuring the Health Benefits of Investments in Water Supply; PBP project monitoring; 1970s work programs; annual staff training course on water supply; research on appropriate technology for water supply and waste disposal in low-income countries; case study reports on residential demand for water and sewerage service in countries in Africa; cooperation with external organizations (e.g., WHO and UNDP); and many more.

Record types include but are not limited to office memoranda, correspondence, articles and discussion papers, journals, training course documents, programs, questionnaires, and case study reports.

This series contains records relating to two projects that were part of the UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (UNDP-World Bank WSP) that supported the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). The two projects are the Information and Training Program in Low-Cost Water Supply and Sanitation (INT/82/002) and the International Training Network (ITN) for Water and Waste Management (INT/86/027). These projects were responsible for developing and delivering training modules geared toward water sector personnel and non-water professionals on topics concerning low-cost alternative technologies, sanitation (e.g., ventilated pit latrines), economic appraisal of projects, user participation, health aspects of water supply and sanitation, sanitation technology solutions, wells and handpumps, water distribution network, water and waste treatment, hygiene education, gravity-flow water supply, rainwater roof catchment systems, institutional and financial aspects, and many more. The goals of these training projects were to promote and deliver training on technical aspects, management, administration, finance, community development, and project support communications.

The training projects produced three major training packages for three primary stakeholders: the Decision Package for policy and senior government leaders; the Technical Package for students and sector professionals; and the Community (User) Participation Package for community workers and project staff.

UNDP financed the projects in cooperation with international agencies, while the World Bank (Bank) was responsible for project execution through the Technology Advisory Group (TAG) for technical assistance. The Bank's responsibilities included but were not limited to coordinating the recruitment process, agreements, feasibility studies, in-country training, project description drafts, course curricula design, etc.

Some of the key individuals mentioned in this series include but are not limited to Letitia Obeng, Saul Arlosoroff, Richard N. Middleton, and Mary Elmendorf (anthropologist/consultant, 1975-1996).

Materials include but are not limited to foundational records to prepare and produce the training modules; translations; progress and review reports; correspondence and memoranda; administrative files; conference and workshop files; photographic prints; and audiovisual items (e.g., magnetic cards, flexible disks, 35 mm color slides, and cassette tapes).

This series also contains records related to other initiatives: Research and Development in Integrated Resource Recovery (GLO/80/004) and TAG's collaboration with the UNDP's Women and the Decade Project (INT/83/003). It contains information about the promotion and support for women's participation in the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) and the development of low-cost sanitation projects and training modules created by the Bank's EconomicDevelopment Institute (EDI).

This series contains records related to the partnerships and collaboration activities of the World Bank (Bank), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and other international agencies in support of the UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (UNDP-World Bank WSP) and the United Nation's 1981 - 1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). It also contains records documenting the trust fund management that supported the UNDP-World Bank WSP projects relating to low-cost development solutions for water and sanitation in low-income countries (i.e., funding contributions came from UNDP and Bank and trust fund resources derived from various international donors).

Partnerships and collaboration records

Records relating to partnerships and collaboration contain the following topics: missions in various countries (e.g., India, Philippines, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Morocco, Yemen, etc.); low-cost water sanitation techniques; field trials (e.g., VLOM-Village Level Operated and Maintained handpumps and Canadian Monarch handpumps); related initiatives; advisory panel meetings to discuss staffing, and ongoing and future field trials in regions such as East Africa and Southeast Asia; project implementations and timelines; loan and grant conditions applied by the External Support Agencies (ESAs); recommendations on aid-giving procedures; and meetings with the Collaborative Council of ESAs in the water sector in 1989 (held in Sophia Antipolis, France) and the Steering Committee for Cooperative Action in 1981-1985 (held at the World Bank in Washington, DC); the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-UNESCO; the United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF; and the Food and Agriculture Organization-FAO).

Types of partnership and collaboration records in this series include but are not limited to mission reports and communications, job descriptions, project proposals (including work plans, project justifications, budget outlines, schedules, etc.), progress and status reports, and meeting files (e.g., agenda, minutes, progress reports, memos, etc.). Examples of other institutions collaborating with the Bank in this activity are the Science and Technology Fund of the UNDP, Kumasi City Council, University of Science and Technology in Ghana, Banque Ouest Africaine de Developpment-BOAD, ARLAB (a subsidiary of Mines ParisTech5), Georgia Institute of Technology, and others.

The earliest projects related to the Bank's global partnership and collaboration with other organizations associated with water resources and management are:

• Low-Cost Water and Sanitation Techniques (GLO/78/006);

• Testing and Demonstration of Small-Scale Solar Powered Pumping Systems (GLO/78/004);

• Research and Development in Integrated Resource Recovery (GLO/80/004);

• Project Laboratory Testing, Field Trials, and Technological Development of Rural Water Supply Handpumps (INT/81/026); and

• Information and Training Program (INT/82/002).

Trust fund management records

Records relating to trust fund management contain topics such as: trust fund agreements and amendments to agreements; cost-sharing; executing trust fund activities; funds received and transferred; country reports; financial management assessments or financial compliance reviews; policy exceptions; project phases (i.e., information gathering and testing; and development and implementation); audit review findings; proposals of project descriptions; Global Water Partnership Interim Committee; financial support for the Participatory Learning and Action Initiative; opportunity to initiate a core-funding relationship with various countries (e.g., Finland, France, Ireland, etc.); and collaborations with bilateral agencies (e.g., UK's Department for International Development-DFID, German Technical Cooperation Agency-GTZ, etc.). They also document communications about trust fund management between the Bank (including the Technical Advisory Group) and other institutions (e.g., UNDP, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency-SIDA,the Danish International Development Agency-DANIDA, the Swiss Development Corporation-SDC, Norway's Ministry of Development Cooperation, AusAID Trust Fund, World Health Organization-WHO, United Nations Children's Fund-UNICEF, etc.).

Types of trust fund management records in this series include but are not limited to master budget files, contribution and disbursement statements, project delivery reports (PDR), audit files (e.g., Terms of Reference), reports, waivers, original contracts, legal agreements,payment records, cost-sharing files, Bank internal clearances, Initiating Brief for Trust Funds (IBTF), funding proposals, project files (e.g., evaluations progress reports), recommendations, and donor correspondence.

This series also contains sixteen volumes, entitled Preliminary Study: The Large Aqueducts System, 1969 - 1971. These are bound volumes of pre-feasibility study reports by Gilbert Associates, Inc. (Reading, PA) for the Obras Sanitarias de la Nacion Argentina-OSN (now Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos-AySA), a utility company based in Argentina. These reports are associated with the loan agreement signed on June 3, 1963, between the Argentine Government and the USA through the US Agency for International Development (USAID). These volumes may have been used as reference files.

This series primarily contains records documenting the findings and results of the World Bank's (Bank) two-year research project in 1976 - 1978 on "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Developing Countries." This project guided the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Bank to address the importance of low-cost water and sanitation systems in achieving inclusive access to clean water and adequate sanitation for everyone, especially in developing economies. It includesa series of publications in various record types: manuals, guides, reports, working documents, technical papers, summaries, case studies, and questionnaires.

This research project stemmed from years of informal and formal arrangements in the 1960s and 1970s between the Bank and the international development community (e.g., World Health Organization-WHO) to address ongoing water and waste management issues, particularly in Bank member countries' rural and urban communities. During this time, the Bank was also expanding and redirecting its investments to urbanization projects, particularly in water supply and sewerage initiatives, as emphasized by President Robert McNamara in his address to the Board of Governors in October 1976.

The research project focused on obtaining the perspectives of community members with the following factors and/or activities in mind: evaluation of varying constraints (e.g., environmental, public health, demand, institutional, cultural, social, and financial); sanitation, reclamation, composting technologies; low-cost and/or alternative technological solutions for water and sanitation development; resource availability; and project beneficiaries. The geographical area of focus was concentrated in Latin America, Africa, and the Caribbean.

The project resulted in a series of publications entitled "World Bank Studies in Water Supply and Sanitation" and related monographs, entitled "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation (ATWSS)," published between the early to mid-1980s. They aimed to guide and provide recommendations to project engineers, scientists, technicians, and field workers involved with water-related projects. Key authors include but are not limited to John M. Kalbermatten, David C. Jones, DeAnne S. Julius, Charles G. Gunnerson, and D. Duncan Mara.

Series includes Jennings' chronological files relating to his time as director of the Loan and Trust Funds Department (LOA) in the Office of the Vice President and Controller (VPCTR). Records include memoranda relating to comments on drafts, the Joint Audit Committee, LOA staffing, LOA?s "Action Research Program (ARP)", and departmental budget planning.

Records also relate to a study on the recommendation to decentralize the disbursement function to the controller, accounting, and management information functions. These records include; memoranda; a draft report; and an updated Operational Manual Statement (OMS 3.30) on disbursement.

Series consists of records relating to a report that Jennings led focusing on the financial analyst function in the World Bank entitled "A Study of the Financial Analyst Function in the Bank". The report was undertaken in response to a recommendation in the November 1974 Staff Development Report. Staff from sector departments in the Bank's regional vice presidencies participated in the study. Records include: a draft of the final report; comments on the draft report from various Bank staff; Terms of Reference (TOR) for the report and Jennings' participation; the questionnaire used in the writing of the report; questionnaire distribution list; and memoranda.

Series also includes records relating to the authoring of a report entitled "The Purpose and Form of Financial Covenants in Public Utility Loans and Credits" which Jennings participated in. Included are two draft versions of the report dated February and June 1976, respectively. Memoranda discussing the topic and the report are also included.

Series is comprised of Leonard B. Rist's collection of reference material on the Bretton Woods Conference and the events leading up to it. Document types include official copies of proposals, agreements and amendments relating to the Bretton Woods institutions, IBRD and IMF, as well as reports and commentary from U.S. government agencies (Treasury, Federal Reserve, State Department), research institutions, and the press (Foreign Affairs, Finance, Foreign Commerce Weekly). Also included are President Roosevelt's address to Congress recommending passage of the Bretton Woods agreements, 1963 amendment to the Bretton Woods agreement, and several unpublished papers.

Series contains records maintained by Leonard B. Rist from the early period of IBRD history primarily when he first served as Director of the Research Department, later Economics Department between 1946 and 1960. Records are varied and include correspondence and speeches that Rist drafted for President Eugene Black during the period 1947-1953 and an information packet prepared for Black's 1952 trip on which Rist and other senior staff accompanied him to Pakistan, India, Ceylon, Thailand, and Australia. Also included is a file of Rist's speeches to the information conferences (1949-1959), two or three-day sessions at the Bank where groups of individuals in the finance profession would be introduced the Bank and its operations (1949-1951), a file on establishing the Research Department in 1946, and files on loan policy, 1946-1967. Records from the 1950s relate to the European Investment Bank and French oil exploration, and UK credit conditions covering 1945-1957. In 1963 and 1964 while he was Special Adviser to the President, Rist chaired the Committee on Loan Charges, and these files include correspondence on the Committee's Memorandum on Loan Charges (1964). Other files (1960-1968) relate to terms of Bank loans, market loans, IBRD reserves and 9% subscriptions, and Bank and IDA financial policy.

Series contains Qureshi's correspondence with Bank Presidents Robert S. McNamara, Alden W. Clausen, and Barber Conable beginning when Qureshi was both Executive Vice President of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Vice President Finance, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) in 1979 to his retirement in 1991 as Senior Vice President for Operations.

Although Qureshi maintained this correspondence in a single chronological series, the nature of the files changes somewhatwith each president. Records from the McNamara era, 1979-1981, include: copies of notes and memoranda sent by or through Qureshi to McNamara; copies of letters forwarded by Qureshi to McNamara for his signature; letters forwarded to McNamara by others and copied to Qureshi; copies of letters and memoranda McNamara sent to others and copied to Qureshi; and memoranda "to the files" summarizing important meetings that McNamara held with others and that Qureshi attended as an observer and/or recorder. Many of Quresh's memoranda to McNamara were returned with extensive handwritten comments and/or replies from McNamara. In many cases, a typed version of McNamara's handwritten comments is also attached to the incoming correspondence.

Records from the Clausen era, 1981-1986, primarily consist of: copies of letters Clausen sent to others and copied to Qureshi; copies of memoranda and notes sent by or through Qureshi to Clausen; and copies of letters Qureshi and his staff prepared for Clausen's signature.

Topics covered in the files during the McNamara and Conable presidencies include (but are not limited to): draft Board papers; Bank borrowing operations; World Bank capital increases; International Development Association (IDA) replenishments; currency management; fiscal projections and monthly financial reports; work program and budget; and staffing requirements and personnel matters.

Records from the Conable era, 1986-1991, include: copies of letters Conable sent to others and copied to Qureshi; copies of memoranda and notes sent by or through Qureshi to Conable; and copies of correspondence Qureshi and his staff prepared for Conable's signature. None of Qureshi's correspondence to Conable were returned with the President's comments. Memoranda and notes that Conable sent directly to Qureshi are filed in Qureshi's subject files.

Most of the correspondence from Conable's era was sent when Qureshi was Senior Vice President for Operations (SVPOP) beginning in 1987. Correspondence covers subjects including: debt; Special Action Program for African countries; International Development Association (IDA) allocations; country lending and emergency situations; and adjustment lending and operations.

The series also contains an index of all of Qureshi's correspondence, 1979-1991, indicating the date, subject, and occasionally, the type of correspondence.

Series contains copies of of World Bank/International Finance Corporation/International Development Association (IBRD/IFC/IDA) Administrative Circulars from 1973 to 1985 and For Your Information (FYI) announcements from 1986 to 1993 collected by Moeen Qureshi. Administrative Circulars were circulated Bank-wide, and provided announcements of senior staff appointments, organizational and procedural changes, and Bank-wide initiatives. As of 1986, the circulars were renamed For Your Information. The frequencyof the announcements varied from week to week.

Series consists of records primarily created during Bernard R. Bell's tenure as Director, Resident Staff Indonesia from 1968 to 1972. The series contains a draft paper on the historical development of the oil sector in Indonesia, including notes on Indonesian oil companies. Correspondence and notes concerning Bank economic missions reviewing the oil sector are included, as well as notes of interviews with Indonesian government officials and oil company personnel. The series contains copies of articles on Indonesian oil, copies contracts dating from 1963, copies of Indonesian laws regulating the oil sector, and statistics on the financial status of P. N. Pertamina, the Indonesian National Oil and Natural Gas Mining State Enterprise.

The records in this series primarily relate to the World Bank's involvement in the transition from planned to market economies in Russia immediately following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Records specifically relate to missions made by Bank officials, including John Nellis, to the then Soviet Union in September and October 1990 and to Russia in November 1991 and August and September 1992. Series primarily consists of handwritten notes written by Nellis during these missions.

The 1990 mission to the Soviet Union was the World Bank's first and was undertaken with staff from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The mission resulted in the publication of the joint authored 'The Economy of the USSR: Summary and Recommendations'. During the trip, John Nellis's role was to examine the prospects for enterprise reform and privatization primarily through interviews with Soviet ministries (including Ministry of Justice and various sector and union ministries), other government officials, companies, financial authorities, and academics.

Notes taken by Nellis during these interviews are included in this series. The handwritten notes are heavily annotated in Nellis's hand. A transcription of the notes is also included as is a brief summary of the trip authored by Nellis and submitted to a select number of Bank staff. Further, notes authored by Nellis for a presentation to Bank President Barber Conable are included. The presentation, dated November 10, 1990, is titled, "Soviet Economic Study: Enterprise Reform and Privatization Component" and summarizes what the mission to the Soviet Union learned about potential enterprise reform and suggests avenues for the Bank's involvement in the reform process. In addition, a World Bank Discussion Paper authored by Nellis entitled "Improving the Performance of Soviet Enterprises" is included. The paper is based on interviews undertaken by Nellis during the 1990 mission and was published in 1991.

Records relating to a second trip to Moscow by Bank officials in November 1991 are also included. The purpose of the trip was to gain knowledge about the state and its economy and advance the process of enterprise reform and privatization. Notes are, again, handwritten and heavily annotated by Nellis. The World Bank team also stopped in Hungary and notes from Nellis's meetings in Budapest are also included. A mission summary authored by Nellis entitled "Privatization in the Republic of Russia" is also included.

Records relating to a third trip to Moscow in August and September of 1992 are also included in this series. Nellis was charged with researching corporate governance and property funds. Again, records include handwritten notes made by Nellis during interviews with Russian government officials and other interested parties, both Russian and international. Topics include: economic and political developments in Russia; privatization efforts; voucher program; corporate governance; finance sector; energy sector; foreign investment; and inflation.

The series also contains a small amount of notes made by Nellis during a series of talks and meetings between May 18, 1992 and May 27, 1992. The notes appear to have come from the same notebook as the Soviet Union/Russia notes. These events include a number of Bank staff and external parties speaking on privatization in Russia and EasternEurope. A separate set of notes on a talk by World Bank staff member Qimiao Fan in April 1995 on restructuring of Russian enterprise is also included.

The series contains internal memoranda to the World Bank Group President, the Regional Vice Presidents, other senior managers, and the Executive Directors for the period in which Stern was Vice President and Senior Vice President, Operations.

Issues covered relate to: the formulation and review of regional and country assistance strategies and lending programs and of structural adjustment loans and selected individual projects; operational policy and procedure; World Bank-International Monetary Fund collaboration; budgeting; and analyses of current initiatives, such as the China program, the Brandt Commission, energy development, and International Development Association (IDA) replenishments.

While Stern served as Senior Vice President from 1980 to May 1987, there is a gap in the chronological records for 1987; the series contains only seven items dating from 1987.

This series contains Stern's records relating to the organization and functioning of the Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to developing countries, known as the Development Committee. The series includes Stern's correspondence regarding the Development Committee and the Draft Resolution establishing it, its initial work program, administrative arrangements, membership lists, and budget. Included in the administrative files are April and September 1974 reports from the Technical Group on the Transfer of Real Resources, the Committee of Twenty, as well as the September 1974 suggestions for the work program of the Development Committee. The bulk of the series are Stern's files on meetings of the Committee from its inaugural meeting in October 1974 through September 1981. The series also includes files on two working groups and a task force established by the Committee.

The series consists of outgoing memoranda written by Stern while he served as Vice President of the Bank's South Asia Region (SAR). Some memos are addressed to the World Bank President McNamara and others to senior managers and managers in SAR. The series also includes letters and telexes to the regional missions and government officials in South Asia, notably India and Pakistan. The records address such issues as the formulation of the lending programs for the region or its individual countries, the review of individual projects, operational policies and procedures, cooperation with the Central Projects Staff and the Development Committee, and staffing and budgeting.

This series contains Stern's records relating to the meetings of the Intergovernmental Group of Twenty Four on International Monetary Affairs, also known as the G-24. Set up in 1971 on the model of the Group of Ten, the G-24 was a permanent body representing the views of the non-socialist developing countries concerning international monetary affairs. Stern attended the meetings of the G-24 on behalf of the World Bank. The records consist of Stern's correspondence regarding G-24 as well as agendas, membership lists, communiques, and records of discussions at the meetings of the G-24 Ministers and Deputies.

The series contains records relating to technical assistance projects that were managed by the International Relations Department's Technical Assistance Division (TAD) and its predecessors. The functions of technical assistance coordination and United Nations liaison were the responsibility of the Technical Assistance and Liaison Department (TAL) from 1946 to 1961. TAL was terminated in 1961 and these functions were transferred to the Technical Assistance Division (TAD) of the Development Services Department and subsequently to the External Relations Vice Presidency as part of the newly formed International Relations Department (IRD) in 1973. Records in this series are predominantly from 1973 to 1983.

The majority of the records in this series relate to technical assistance projects that are almost entirely funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) or its predecessor, the UN Special Fund (UNSF), but administered and executed by the Bank. A very small portion of the series relates to technical assistance directly supporting Bank Group lending operations.

Records document TAD and its successor TAL's role in coordinating technical assistance between the Bank's operating departments and UNDP and UN or, for Bank-funded projects, between project consultants and Bank departments. Records consists of correspondence and supporting documents that cover the appraisal and negotiation of proposed projects in addition to the project's administration. Topics include: payments and use of funds; budget revisions; TA consultants contract arrangements; and project evaluation and reporting.

Correspondence is between TAD and the respective World Bank regional or sector departments or vice presidencies, UNDP and other UN officials, senior government officials, and project manager consultants and includes copies of outgoing memoranda, letters, telexes and cables. The correspondence is filed with project documents and includes: proposals and plan of operation; contracts; externally-produced reports, many issued by UNDP; Bank project evaluation draft reports and final reports; newspaper clippings; and occasionally plans and diagrams. A portion of country files that are labelled 'Miscellaneous' contain correspondence and supporting proposals for projects requested by the government for UNDP assistance and were sent by UNDP officials for Bank comment.

Also included in the series are IRD correspondence files relating to general technical assistance administration and procedures. Records include copiesof outgoing memoranda between IRD senior staff including Director Shirley Boskey and successor Shahid Javed Burk as well as TAD Chief Vincent J. Riley, senior advisors, and other Bank staff. Some correspondence is authored by IRD Directors or other senior staff to be sent by World Bank President McNamara or Clausen, or Vice President of External Relations Jose Botafogo. A portion of the correspondence is also with external bodies including UNDP officials. Series also contains semi-annual reports on the Bank's technical assistance activities and other ad hoc reports as well as files related to UNDP's annual General Council meetings (1975-1976).

Although the technical assistance function was transferred from IRD to the regional vice presidencies in 1981, a few correspondence files in this series extend to 1986 and reflect IRD's continuing function in advising on operational activities with UNDP and UN bodies. Files from this period contain copies of outgoing memoranda and reports about technical assistance projects managed by UNDP, discussion of the relationship of technical assistance advisors with UN Resident Coordinators, and communication on country projects as well as a copy of World Bank Technical Paper WTP23 "Twinning of Institutions: Its Use as a Technical Assistance Delivery System", released in 1984.

This series includes policy papers prepared by Lamb for conferences and seminars when he served as a research Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex from 1977 to 1979. The papers pre-date his appointment to the World Bank in 1980. The following draft papers are included: Distributive Politics in Tanzania; The Politics of Growth and Distribution: Is a Policy-relevant Analysis Possible?; and Organising for Technology Appropriation: An approach to appropriate technology implementation.

The series includes incoming and outgoing correspondence and memoranda of Syed Shahid Husain from when he served as Vice President for Management and Personnel Services (MPSVP). The correspondence and memoranda are primarily between MPS staff, the Office of the President (EXC), and Vice President Offices of numerous units of the Bank. The correspondence and memoranda cover various topics, including: personnel recruitment; compensation; personnel performance review; redundancies; and re-organization of Bank units.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records of Heywood Fleisig created or received during his position as Principal Economist in the Asia Vice Presidency (ASIVP). The correspondence and memoranda are primarily between Fleisig and the Lead and Chief Economist in the Asia Regional Office (ASI) regarding economic and sector work (ESW) projects. Draft research papers and reports are attached, and contain comments and handwritten notes by Fleisig. Back-to-office reports, project proposal reports, initiating memoranda, mission reports, financial and statistical data printouts, and meeting minutes related to regional ESW projects are also included.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records of Heywood Fleisig created or received during his position as Senior Economist in the East Asia and Pacific Vice Presidency (AENVP). The correspondence and memoranda are primarily between Fleisig and regional economists and staff regarding economic and sector work (ESW) projects within the East Asia and Pacific Region (AEN). Draft research papers and reports are included, and contain comments and handwritten notes by Fleisig. Back-to-office reports, project proposal reports, and meeting minutes related to regional ESW projects are also included.

The series includes the 29 March 1989 report of an audit of the administrative expense budget of the Policy, Planning and Research Complex (PPR) by the Internal Auditing Department (IAD). The purpose of the review was to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of policies, procedures, and controls over formulation, implementation, and monitoring of the PPR budget and to provide recommendations for changes. Comments of the Senior Vice President, Policy, Planning and Research (SVPPR or PPRSV) comments on the draft report (16 May 1989) is with the IAD final report. DECVP reported to SVPPR.

Also in the series is a 9 September 1991 draft report of the results of an audit of the Geneva Office which reported directly to the Senior Vice President, Policy, Research and External Affairs (PRESV). Found with the draft report is a 3 May 1991 memo issued by PRESV to PRE organizations that transmitted the preliminary IAD work program which included the audit of the Geneva Office. The Geneva Office later reported to DECVP.

The series includes chronological correspondence files from when Attila Karaosmanoglu served as Vice President in the East Asia and Pacific Region (AENVP). The records include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, and other records related to support of AENVP operations, including: memoranda of country project loan signings; back-to-office reports; mission support records; briefing notes; and records related to numerous meetings, training seminars, and events held in the AEN region. Outgoing correspondence discussing ongoing projects and initiatives for particular countries sent from Karaosmanoglu to AEN country Executive Directors of the Bank are also included.

The series includes chronological correspondence files from when Attila Karaosmanoglu served as the Director in the Country Programs Department 1 of the Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Region (EM1DR). The records primarily include incoming and outgoing correspondence and memoranda between Karaosmanoglu and EM1 staff regarding the numerous activities of EM1. Correspondence and memoranda between Karaosmanoglu, the Office of the President (EXC), and members of the Executive Board of Directors are also included.

The series includes chronological correspondence files from the period Attila Karaosmanoglu served as Director for Development Policy Vice Presidency (VPD). The correspondence is primarily between Karaosmanoglu, the Office of the President (EXC), and members of the Board of Executive Directors. The correspondence focuses on numerous topics, including: planning of the annual World Development Report (WDR) publication; world economic and social indicators forecasting; and budgeting and planning for research initiatives.

This series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records of Heywood Fleisig created or received during his position as Principal Economist in the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and Caribbean Region (LACCE). The records are primarily devoted to economic and sector work (ESW) planning, and reporting for the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LAC). The records include: initiating memoranda; ESW business plans; ESW task briefs; terms-of-reference; back-to-office reports; and research paper and survey proposals. The series also includes meeting minutes from LAC regional ESW planning meetings, and draft policy papers with handwritten notes and comments by Fleisig. Most memoranda and correspondence are between Fleisig, the Region's Lead Economists, and other staff in the LAC Region. Correspondence between Fleisig and the Office of the President (EXC) are also included.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records of Heywood Fleisig created or received during his position as Principal Economist in the Country Operations Division, Asia-Country Department II (AS2CO). Most of the records are related to debt restructuring plans and strategies for the Task Force on Philippines Debt from 1989. Much of the correspondence and memoranda include attached reports or surveys, Fleisig's personal notes, and financial and statistical data. The correspondence and memoranda are mostly between Fleisig and other Asia Country Department staff. Meeting minutes from the Executive Board of Directors related to debt restructuring in the Philippines are also interfiled in records.

This series contains the records related to the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Program, a multi-donor partnership consisting of the World Bank, the European Commission, the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). PEFA consists of steering committee comprised of members from each of these organizations. A PEFA Secretariat was also located in the World Bank to administer the program. PEFA served as a trust fund program and helped fund much of the activities of the Public Sector Governance Department (PRMPS) of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network (PREM). The records in this series are related to PEFA trust fund proposals, planning, and budgeting for public expenditure and public finance management (PFM) projects with PRMPS.

The trust fund records include correspondence and memorandabetween PEFA steering committee members, the PEFA Secretariat Nicola Smithers, and staff of PRMPS, including past Directors Cheryl Gray and Sanjay Pradhan. The records also consist of PEFA steering committee meeting and minutes. Records for proposed public expenditure and PFM projects for PRMPS include assessments specific to a country. The country assessment records include the following specific types of reports, action plans, and application documents: Public Expenditure Review and Rationalization (PERR) report; PEFA Trust Fund Application; Public Expenditure Management Country Assessment and Action Plan; Application of PFM Performance Measurement Framework report; and Financial and Accountability Review and Action Plan (FARAP).

PEFA budget and audit records are also included for PRMPS public expenditure projects and PFM projects. Records are also included for PEFA and PRMPS organized workshops, conferences, and training sessions, which include training manuals, agenda, and participant lists. The seriesalso contain records related to fund disbursement and project agreement, including: initiating brief for trusts fund records, grant letters signed by PEFA donor partners, and grant agreements from the World Bank Development Grant Facility (DGF). Recruitment records consisting of curriculum vitae and terms of reference for consultants and temporary employees are also included.

This series includes records of the speeches, presentations, statements, and interviews given by Attila Karaousmangolu in the following roles: Director of Development Policy (VPD); Director of the Country Programs Department 1 of the Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Region (EM1DR); Vice-President East Asia and Pacific Region (AENVP); and Managing Director (MDS). The records include speech transcripts, presentation papers, press releases, newspaper clippings, and hand-written notes. Correspondence and memoranda are also included, and detail formal arrangements, itineraries, and responses to speeches, presentations, statements, and interviews given by Karaosmanoglu.

The series includes chronological correspondence files from when Attila Karaosmanoglu served as Vice President in the Asia Vice Presidency (ASIVP). The records include correspondence, memoranda, agenda and meeting minutes, and other records related to support of ASIVP operations, including: memoranda of country project loan signings; meeting minutes and agenda records for meetings with ASI staff, Board of Executive Directors members, country representatives from the ASI countries, and other senior World Bank officials; and incoming and outgoing correspondence and memoranda regarding management of ASI and support of ongoing projects within the ASI Region.

This series contains copies of Vinod Dubey's outgoing memoranda, letters, telexes, and routing slips that he generated while he was working in the Europe, Middle East and North Africa Region (EMENA), the Country Policy Department (CPD), and the Economic Advisory Staff (EAS). For some of the periods covered by this series, Dubey's incoming correspondence is filed with the copy of his related outgoing correspondence.

For the period that Dubey was a Senior Economist in EMENA, the files include copies of his outgoing letters, memoranda, and reports and copies of memoranda and letters that he prepared for the signatures of others. Very little incoming correspondence or attachments to outgoing correspondence is included for this period. Among the outgoing correspondence are his minutes of the EMENA senior economists' biweekly meetings; his comments on draft papers and reports, especially regarding Country Program Papers and economic and sector work; the Back-to-Office reports from his missions; his reviews of research proposals; and the minutes he prepared for the research proposal review panels on which he served. Most of his correspondence was sent to the Director, Development Policy Staff, the EMENA senior vice president, and other EMENA economists.

After Dubey became Chief Economist for EMENA in October 1975, the files primarily contain copies of incoming documents that he transmitted to the EMENA program departments and senior economists with requests for their comments. There is little showing his input into policy development; the files consist mostly of copies of his routing slips, some without an incoming document attached.

Dubey's files are much richer for the period beginning in January 1984 when he was a senior adviser in the Country Program Department (CPD). The records reflect his responsibilities for: coordinating Bank relations with the IMF, the Paris Club, and the OECD Export Credit Group; preparing policy papers for the director of CPD; advising the Regions on adjustment lending; directing the CPD Secretariat for the Loan Committee; and preparing the agenda for Loan Committee meetings.

Specific topics covered include preparations for the Bank-Fund Seminar on assisting member countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, May 22 - 24, 1985; planning for seminars on Policy Based Lending held June 18 - 20, 1985 and December 11 - 13, 1985; and the scheduling of Country Policy Papers for review by the Operations Policy Subcommittee. Much of Dubey's correspondence beginning in September 1984 concerns his drafting of a Board paper on Bank-Fund collaboration. None of the drafts is found in the files, but there is extensive correspondence with Bank and Fund staff concerning the preparation of the report which was issued in the spring1985.

Specific documents of note are: his May 23, 1984 report, Bank-Fund Collaboration: A Brief Historical Note, which is a compilation of the documents relating to Bank/Fund collaboration from May 1946 to April 1981; a November 28, 1984 memo to Files on the role of the World Bank in theParis Club; a December 14, 1984 draft of his paper Policy Based Lending and the World Bank; his reports from attendance at OECD Export Credit Group and Paris Club meetings; and the agenda he prepared for meetings of the Operations Policy Subcommittee and of the Loan Committee.

Most of his outgoing correspondence for this period was sent to Regional Chief Economists; the SVP for Operations (SVPOP); the Vice President for Operations Policy (OPSVP); the Director of CPD; the secretary of the Research Policy Committee; IMF managers; and staff/members of the Paris Club, the OECD, and the International Labor Organization (ILO). A number of his memoranda are written to the files and primarily concern meetings he attended on structural adjustment lending.

After Dubey became Director of the Country Policy Department in January 1986, his files reflect less of his role in policy development. The bulk of the files for this period consist of his agenda for meetings of the Loan Committee and the Operations Policy Subcommittee. The files often contain copies of his incoming correspondence, much of which was forwarded to CPD staff.

After Dubey's appointment as director of EAS in June 1987, he continued many of the duties he had in CPD: coordinating the Bank's interaction with the Paris Club, the Berne Union, the OECD Export Credit Group, and the International Monetary Fund; reviewing country strategy papers and Structural Adjustment Policy Framework Papers (PFPs); providing the SVP Operations with analysis on operational issues and policy initiatives; serving as the Secretariat to the Operations Committee; and providing advice and support to the Regional staff on major policy questions, especially regarding country strategies, adjustment operations, and country economic and sector work.

nA large portion of his records for the EAS period consists of agenda, schedules, and postscripts for Operations Committee meetings and correspondence regarding the preparation and review of documents for discussion by the Committee. Othercorrespondence concerns the preparation of documents for the signatures of the Senior Vice President, Operations and President Conable and his review of research proposals.

This series contains background materials, intra-Bank memoranda, and drafts of research papers primarily of staff from two Economic Analysis and Projections Department (EPD) units: the International Trade and Capital Flows Division (EPDIT) and the Global Analysis and Projections Division (EPDGL). The records are divided into two parts. The first and more voluminous part (2.33 linear feet) consists of EPD files dated 1977 to 1984 and containing rough working files for research papers. In addition to rough drafts of papers, these files contain intra-Bank memoranda containing comments on drafts or concerning EPD computer usage, analysis of data compiled by EPD staff, and other issues relating to research. The second part of the series contains drafts of research papers dated 1979 - 1990 and generated primarily by EPDIT and EPDGL staff, but there are also four papers written by staff from the International Economic Analysis and Prospects Division (IECAP) of the International Economics Department and threepapers authored by economists from: the School of International Service at American University; Seoul University; and Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge. Some of the research papers in this series were issued as Division Working Papers which reported on research work in progress and were circulated only for Bank staff use to stimulate discussion and comment. Others were prepared for presentation at a conference or for publication by the World Bank or in a professional journal.

Series consists of records related to Johnson's responsibilities as Assistant CEO of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Records consist almost exclusively of correspondence addressed to and received from academic institutions,government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), research groups, consulting groups, and business leaders. The main topics of the correspondence include information exchange and invitations to conferences and meetings. A speech to the Governing Council of the United Nations Environmental Programme that appears to have been given by Johnson is also included.

This series includes records created in the course of project surveys and evaluations. Records related to training sessions on WID issues organized by the WID Adviser are also included. The records include WID Adviser mission project files containing: correspondence; memoranda; project proposals; back-to-office reports; project completion reports; travel information; and project loan information for the years 1983 to 1984. The project mission files discuss short-term survey projects done by WID team members for particular development projects, as well as training sessions given to World Bank staff, NGOs, government officials, or any other participant involved in a development project with implications on women.

The series also consists of project file evaluation studies and background papers. Project files specific to a country and sector (e.g. agriculture and development, education, health, urban development, etc.) are kept for each evaluation study. The files include correspondence, memoranda, backgroundpapers, and evaluation studies. The background papers include handwritten notes, articles, and reports of technical data produced by other units within the World Bank, primarily the sector department pertinent to the particular project. The evaluations studies are the reports produced by the WID Adviser team, which summarizes the findings of the evaluation project, and includes advisory recommendations.

Additional country correspondence files from the years 1980 to 1987 consist of articles, external reports, and correspondence discussing particular women related issues within a country.

The series consists of Women in Development (WID) reference files that contain numerous reports, articles, and policy records produced by both the World Bank and outside agencies. Correspondence and memoranda are interfiled with some of the reference files. All reference files are devoted to a particular topic pertinent to women related issues, including: agriculture and rural development; basic needs; anthropology; children; education; fertility; female circumcision; housing and development; poisons; populations; water and sanitation; and so on.

This series includes numerous subject files of WID Advisers Gloria Scott and Barbara Herz, related to the various activities and responsibilities of the WID Adviser position. The subject files consist of correspondence and memoranda focused on a specific topic. The records include some of the following subject files: responses to external request for information; records detailing WID functions and activities; background information on WID policies, sector studies, and case materials; WID project efforts in West Africa; staffing of WID; press releases related to WID; revisions to a WID "Q and A" booklet; briefing books for the WID Adviser; workshop papers and training manuals; back-to-office reports on mission projects from 1985 to 1987; World Bank Projects and Women Report, 1979; proposed WID work program from 1984 to 1987; budgets for WID work program from 1984 to 1985; reference file on Economic Development Institute (EDI) activities; status of WID work in the World Bank; and planning of sector strategy papers.

The series also consists of correspondence and memoranda records related to departmental planning and strategy of Operations Policy Staff (OPS), Projects Policy Department (PPD), and the Operational Vice Presidents (OVP). This includes correspondence and memoranda between the WID Adviser and head officials in OPS, PPD, and OVP.

The series also includes correspondence and memoranda records regarding preparation of a World Bank statement and WID paper by WID Adviser Gloria Scott to be presented to U.S. Senator Charles Percy and his Foreign Relations Committee in 1984.

The series additionally contains a correspondence file documenting WID Adviser Gloria Scott's involvement with the Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund, a program run by the World Bank Volunteer Services, which assists female students from developing countries with financial aid for their studies in the United States.

The series also consists of correspondence, recipient lists, and final drafts related to Gloria Scott's publication: "Recognizing the 'Invisible' Woman in Development: The World Bank's Experience" from 1979 to 1980.

This series also includes country strategy papers. The country strategies papers were proposed by Barbara Herz in late 1985 as part of larger framework to put WID policies and studies to action in World Bank operational development projects. The country strategies papers included a detailed country-focused assessment of women's issues, and an action plan to address these issues. The records include: correspondence; memoranda; proposals; budget records; studies; and terms of reference regarding a planned country strategy papers for the countries of Kenya and Indonesia. A portion of the country strategies correspondence and memoranda are between WID Adviser Barbara Herz and Senior Vice President of Operations Ernest Stern. Records related to recruitment of consultants, development of an East Asia task force, and task charts prepared by WID task managers are also included.

Lastly, the series consists of records related to the Safe Motherhood Initiative. The Safe Motherhood Initiative was a multi-agency international initiative focused on maternal health and family planning issues of women. The World Bank sponsored the initiative, and the WID Adviser and the Population, Health, and Nutrition Department (PHN) helped plan and organize. The Safe Motherhood Initiative was launched in February 1987 at a conference held in Nairobi Kenya. The records from the Initiative in this series pre-date the conference from 1985 to 1986when Barbara Herz served as WID Adviser. The records consist of: correspondence; memoranda; terms of reference; outline work plans; outline plans for a senior technical conference; and consultant recruiting records related to the Initiative. Some of the correspondence is between the WID Adviser Barbara Herz and medical professionals at the Center for Population and Family Health and the Women in Development Office of the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) regarding funding to develop a concept paper for the Initiative. Correspondence and memoranda between Herz and the Projects Policy Department (PPD) Director and other staff are also included. The Initiative records also contain reference material including reports, studies, and articles produced by the Bank and external agencies, which are related to maternal health.

The series includes chronological correspondence kept by Barbara Herz from January 1985 to December 1987. It covers the period when she transitioned from the role of WID Adviser in the Projects Policy Department (PPD) to the Division Chief in the Women in Development Division of the Population and Human Resources Department (PHRWD), which was established in July 1987.

This series consists of ten files containing papers that Alexander Nowicki compiled primarily while he was a senior economist in the Projects Department of the South Asia Regional Office and later as Director of the OED's Policy-Based Lending, Industry, Public Utilities and Urban Sectors Division (OEDD2). Included are Nowicki's own October 19, 1967 paper, Academic and Private Research on Economic Problems of Developing Countries - Survey of Work and Thinking in France, and a copy of a lecture, General Issues and Actual Problems of Central Planning, that he delivered at a September 1986 seminar organized by the Brazilian Ministry of Planning. Other documents include copies of papers presented at the 1985 Manila Conference on Privatization Policies, Methods, and Procedures; two papers on industrial restructuring and on competition policies for industrializing countries that were prepared for discussion at Bank Board seminars in 1989; a December 1981 Bank compilation of basic data on population; copies of a March 1983 country program paper for Pakistan and a draft January 20, 1984 report regarding recent economic development in Pakistan; and a copy of a Handbook on Balance of Payments that was presented at the World Bank Seminar on Debt and Developing Countries, April 18-20, 1984.

The files in this series were maintained by Vinod Dubey while he was Senior Advisor in and Director of the Country Policy Department (CPD) and later as Director of the Economic Advisory Staff (EAS). Most of the files concern the preparation of briefing books for Moeen Qureshi's attendance at the Aspen Seminars from 1988 to 1991 and at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, February 2 - 4, 1990. One file documents Dubey's attendance at the U.N. Symposium on Economic Reforms and the Role of Asian Centrally Planned Economies, China, Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in Global Economic Relations, Helsinki, June 12 - 16, 1989. Included in that file are his notes from various sessions, his copies of the papers distributed to attendees, and his conference comments on Thomas A. Wolf's paper, Macro-economic Adjustment and Reform in Planned Economies. Other files contain CPD staff comments on drafts of the 1984 report, The Future of Operations of the Bank; EAS review of Expanded Cofinancing Operations for Hungary, India, and China; the CPD preparation of a progress report on Sector Adjustment Lending (filed under OECD Export Credit Group), CPD preparations for and follow up to a 1985 Bank-Fund Collaboration Seminar, and a CPD file on the IMF's Structural Adjustment Facility (filed under IMF Special Disbursement Account).

The series consists of budget and work program records related to the multiple units and groups of the Private Sector Development Department (PSD) of the Finance, Private Sector Development, and Infrastructure Network (FPSI). Correspondence, memoranda, anchor function reports, cross support reports, business plans, and thematic budget reports are among work program and budget records for the PSD for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Separate budget reports are related to trust fund support for PSD related projects for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Records related to the PSD Consultative Mechanisms Study from 1997 to 1999 are also included, and contain consultant budget records, CVs, and background information on numerous consultants hired by PSD.

The series includes chronological correspondence files from when Attila Karaosmanoglu served as Managing Director (MDS) for Bank President Lewis T. Preston. The records include correspondence, memoranda, agenda and meeting minutes, and other records related to high level policies, programs, and administrative operations of the World Bank. This includes records related to the reorganization of the Bank in 1991, which details the termination of senior vice-presidencies in bank operations, establishment of managing directors in Bank operations, and the re-organization of Bank units and World Bank Group affiliates. Other records include memoranda and correspondence of various

meetings arranged for Karaosmanoglu with Preston, fellow Managing Directors Ernest Stern and Sven Sandstrom, Executive Directors of the Bank, country leaders, Regional Bank staff, and other World Bank senior officials. Some correspondence and memoranda cover policy and programs of the Bank, such as structural adjustment loan programs, travel policy, and country strategy or policy framework papers for specific countries.