Irving S. Friedman was appointed economic adviser to Bank President George D. Woods on 1 October 1964 after having served as Director of the Exchange Restrictions Department at the IMF since 1950. Many of the letters and memoranda for the October-December 1964 period concern the structuring of his staff and appointments. Letters and memoranda concerning strengthening of the Economics Department placed under him and appointments of additional economists including Andrew Kamarck who was named director of the department and Bela Belassa who was recruited by Friedman as consultant adviser to the Economics Department are in the file for the early portion of 1965. Other subjects of the 1965 correspondence include the Capital Requirements Study, assistance to countries in debt rescheduling, external debt, and creation of the Economic Committee at the Bank. Friedman's memoranda to President Woods for this period include: proposals for consultative groups; comments on Fund quota increases and the impact of Balance of Payments on an IBRD bond issue in the United States; and his report to Wood on his visits to Brazil, Argentina, and Chile in September 1965.

Friedman's reading file for the 1966-1967 period includes: a 4 February 1966 draft of a speech to be given at the White House by President Woods on his views on the U.S. foreign aid program; outlines of presentations and copies of speeches made by Friedman at Harvard University, the Brookings Institution, the U.N. Trade and Development Board and elsewhere; notes and summaries to the file on various subjects; drafts of papers on various topics and issues including some September 1966 drafts entitled Accomplishment in Economics of the last two years at World Bank. A 14 March 1966 memorandum to Woods on Post War [Viet Nam Conflict] Planning; several memoranda sent to Woods in May 1966 concerning a meeting between Friedman and representatives of the U.S. Defense Department at which India and Pakistan defense expenditures were discussed; and a 12 June 1967 memorandumwritten jointly by Friedman and Kamarck to Woods proposing a New Perspective for the Middle East following the six-day war between Israel and an alliance of Arab states are part of the file.

The blue carbon typewritten copies of letters and memoranda in this series constituted Friedman's personal reading file. They primarily document Friedman's official duties while serving with Woods until the President's retirement on 31 March 1968, but they also include some personal letters of congratulation and condolence, thank you letters for invitations and hospitality extended to him and his wife, and occasional personal letters to professional colleagues outside the Bank.

This series consists of copies of the outgoing letters and memoranda of George D. Woods and correspondence handled for President Woods by his personal assistants George C. Wishart and Rainer B. Steckhan. It includes correspondence sent on substantive issues of development assistance, memoranda to files, internal memoranda of the Bank and social and public relations messages.

Letters to foreign heads of state, government officials, banks, development institutions and academics regarding particular loans and projects, missions, technical assistance, bond issues and other sources of financing, and development policy issues are found in the series. Memoranda to files, usually written by Wishart, make a record of Woods' meetings with high-level government and business executives, focusing on important remarks and outcomes. Occasional Bank-internal memoranda, usually addressed to Vice Presidents and other high-level managers, concern such issues as staffing of the Economic Development Institute (EDI), defining the competencies of the technical operations and regional departments of the Bank with regard to project preparation, and procedures for establishing consultative groups.

The social and public relations letters express appreciation for invitations, hospitality, and for letters, publications and gifts received; express regret regarding invitations; offer congratulations; discuss arrangements for meetings and itineraries for travel; and provide letters of introduction.

Series includes Jennings' chronological files relating to his time as director of the Loan and Trust Funds Department (LOA) in the Office of the Vice President and Controller (VPCTR). Records include memoranda relating to comments on drafts, the Joint Audit Committee, LOA staffing, LOA?s "Action Research Program (ARP)", and departmental budget planning.

Records also relate to a study on the recommendation to decentralize the disbursement function to the controller, accounting, and management information functions. These records include; memoranda; a draft report; and an updated Operational Manual Statement (OMS 3.30) on disbursement.

This fonds consists of chronological files assembled by Rotberg during his career at the World Bank, 1968-1987. The predominant materials are photocopies of Rotberg's outgoing correspondence, memoranda, and facsimiles to Bank staff and to external parties. Some of the documents include annotations by Rotberg. The bulk of the materials are related to Rotberg's professional activities as Vice President and Treasurer of the World Bank. A small portion of the correspondence is personal.

Topics covered by the documents include: World Bank borrowing activities and bond issues, particularly in Germany, Switzerland, and Japan; central bank bonds; securities and capital markets; structural changes in lending; strategies in approaching or dealing with certain countries; World Bank investments; risk management; and derivatives such as currency swaps.

Internal correspondents include: World Bank Presidents Robert S. McNamara (1968-1981), A. W. Clausen (1981-1986), and Barber B. Conable (1986-1987); Vice President of Finance Siem Aldewereld (1968-1974); Vice President of Finance I.P.M. Cargill (1974-1980); Senior Vice President of Finance Moeen Qureshi (1980-1987); and Koji Kashiwaya, director of the Tokyo Office (1984-1987).

External correspondents include national ministers of finance from various IBRD/IDA members, and several large investment banks in France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

This series contains President Clausen's records related to the Development Committee meetings from 1983 through 1986. Formally the Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries, the Development Committee was established in 1974 with its own secretariat that maintained the official records of the Committee.

The records in this series, therefore, are Clausen's office files on the Development Committee meetings during his tenure (meetings 21-28). The records, organized by meeting, include correspondence, memoranda regarding the meetings, drafts of the President's opening remarks and the President's Report to the Development Committee, summaries of Committee discussions, and statements to the press. The files also contain papers and reports prepared for the Development Committee, including the Development Committee Annual Report, task force and working group reports, and papers on topics such as development in Sub-Saharan Africa, the world economic outlook, and external debt problems of developing countries.

This series contains President Clausen's records related to the Annual Meetings of the Board of Governors. The records are a mix of substantive and administrative materials, from lists of delegations and special guests to briefing materials on countries and issues. The files contain the President's opening and closing remarks, speeches and addresses; records relating to the annual Ministers' luncheon, Co-Financing breakfast, and the Latin-American Governors' luncheon; records of press conferences; correspondence and memoranda regarding appointments with country delegations; schedules, letters of invitation and thank you notes.

The series consists of records created and received by the Directors, Operation Evaluation Department (OEDDR), and the Directors-General, Operations Evaluation (DGO), which relate to the creation of Annual Reviews of OED evaluations as well as Annual Reports on Operations Evaluation (AROE).

In September 1975, the Operations Evaluation Department (OED) began issuing a report known as the Annual Review of Project Performance Audit Results (ARPPARs) as a means of disseminating the results of the project performance audits it conducted. This review presented in summary the major findings of the audit reports for completed projects and the Bank's response to them. The findings of the ARPPARs were discussed by the Executive Board's Joint Audit Committee (JAC) and JAC's findings were then reviewed by the full Board. By July 1981, a selective system of performance auditing was implemented in OED in keeping with the increase in the number of projects funded. In 1986, the report was renamed the Annual Review of Project Performance Results (ARPPR), and by 1989, the ARPPR was replaced by the Annual Review of Evaluation Results (ARER) which provided a comprehensive summary of evaluation findings. By 1997, the name of the report had changed once again to the Annual Review of Development Effectiveness (ARDE). In the ARDE, OED used the outcomes of evaluations of completed operations to provide a longer view of performance trends. Records in this series that relate to these types of Annual Reviews include drafts, correspondence, memoranda, press releases, comments, and meeting minutes.

The first Annual Report on Operations Evaluation (AROE) covering the period July 1975 - June 1976 was published in October 1976. The main purpose of the report was to indicate the status of evaluation work in the Bank and to comment on the main findings of evaluation activities. Subsequent reports reviewed the independent evaluation work performed within OED and the self-evaluation conducted by the Bank's operating departments (for example, the AROE for 1985 covered OED evaluation activities and evaluations conducted within the International Finance Corporation [IFC], the Economic Development Institute [EDI], and the Bank's economics and research staff). The format of the AROE was determined by the DGO and the plan for developing the report was made in consultation with OED. Drafts of the report were circulated to Bank managers for comments and the final version was submitted to JAC for consideration by the Bank's Board of Executive Directors in conjunction with JAC's own report on evaluation and the ARPPAR (later ARER and ARDE). Records in this series that relate to the creation of AROEs include correspondence, memoranda, initiating notes and outlines, drafts, comments, and meeting minutes.

The series consists of records created and received by the Director of OED's Country Policy, Industry and Finance Division (OEDD2). Records relate to Initial Executive Project Summaries (IEPS), adjustment lending, and other aspects of OEDD2's work. A very small number of records were added to the files by the Sector and Thematic Evaluation (OEDST) and Country Evaluation and Regional Relations (OEDCR) Divisions.

The series includes records containing comments that OEDD2 staff made on Initial Executive Project Summaries (IEPS) and on other project-related records generated by the Regions, including Final Executive Project Summaries (FEPS), Initiating Memoranda (IM), and Project Concept Documents. The record on which the comments were made is not always in the file, but in some cases the file does contain minutes from the OEDD2 staff review meeting at which the record was discussed.

Also contained in this series are files relating to adjustment lending. These include: copies of papers presented on various aspects of adjustment lending; memos on issues to be covered in adjustment audits; copies of statements made before the Board on structural adjustment lending; and memos on performance indicators for adjustment lending. Also included are background files for the FY 93 OED study of adjustment lending in Sub-Saharan Africa and the FY 96 OED report on The Social Impact of Adjustment Lending.

Also part of the series is OED's response to an Upstream Activities initiative encouraged by Bank President Wolfensohn toexpand OED's real time involvement in initial executive project summaries (IEPS) and initiating memoranda (IMs) for adjustment lending.

The series also includes files documenting activities associated with annual reviews and major studies undertaken by OEDD2 primarily between the years 1992 and 1996. A file containing records used in the 1991 annual review of performance results of 49 transport projects evaluated by OED and a file containing planning documents and drafts of the 1995 study of industrial restructuring are contained in the series. Also part of the series is files created to document activities associated with country assistance and other reviews. Files related to studies on OED methodology and procedures, conferences and seminars in which OED participated, and OED replies to studies and reports prepared in other Bank units are also included.

The series also includes project performance files containing draft and printed copies of a series of sectoral and project performance indicators study reports. This series of reports was developed as part of follow-up to the November 1992 Wappenhans Report (Report of the Task Force on Portfolio Management). Audit files were created for copies of comments received in OEDD2 in 1995 from reviewers of evaluative memoranda for Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs) and Performance Audit Reports (PARs) prepared in the division. These copies were retained as part of an initiative to incorporate findings or issues raised in the comments into divisional ledgers.

Series consists of records relating to the functions of the Board of Governors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC) created between 1946 to 1977 that were maintained in the centralized files system. The records in this series primarily originated from the Secretary's Department and the Office of the President. As described in the archival history section, Secretary's Department is the custodian of Board of Governors records and proceedings, but distributed certain correspondence and related documents to the Central Files while maintaining its own official files. Types of records in the series include internal memoranda, letters and cables, and original letters from government officials. Occasionally accompanying the correspondence are Board documents, press clippings, and printed material such as booklets.

A sizable portion of the series contains records related to World Bank Group Annual Meetings beginning from 1950 to 1977. Meeting files include correspondence regarding meeting arrangements, guests, consultations and briefing appointments, panel discussions, committee agendas, staffing, joint procedures, social events, public relations, and liaison and agreements with International Monetary Fund (IMF). There is also correspondence and other records relating to the President's speech to the Annual Meetings such as: proposals of topics; provision of data including ten-year figures on Bank activities; preliminary and final speech issued as a press release; and governors' reactions to the addresses in the form of letters. Summary of proceedings from 1965 are included in a portion of the files.

Series also contains records relating to the preparation of IBRD, IDA, and IFC annual reports (1950 - 1977) presented by the Bank president at the Annual Meetings. Although there is no first annual report booklet for IFC within the files, the series contains IFC's second and other printed annual reports, as well as memoranda concerning the preparation and drafting of the first IFC annual report. Records of the earliest annual reports from the first to fifth reports are absent from the IBRD and IDA files, although there are memoranda and a press release summary of the sixth annual IBRD annual report and subsequent reports. Also included in the files is a statement of Bank policies for the 1950 annual report outlined in a memorandum from Martin Rosen to J. Burke Knapp and memoranda regarding submissions of text for inclusion and draft reports, and printing of the reports.

General files beginning from 1946 contain mostly routine correspondence regarding travel of Governors to annual meetings, expenses, and allowances. The substantive correspondence includes discussion of procedural issues in accordance with the articles and by-laws, first IFC investment involving equity and a drafted letter to be sent by President Black to governors regarding IFC chairmanship.

Series also contains records relating to early Board committees (1948 - 1950) such as the Committee on Rules and Regulations, Committee on Membership, and Ad Hoc Committee to consider provisions to duties and renumeration of Executive Directors. The Committees file contains outgoing memoranda primarily from the Bank secretary and Board committee reports and resolutions. Most of the correspondence is administrative and relates to travel and distribution of documentation. A file on the Advisory Council (1948 - 1950) includes draft notes and resolutions.

Also included in the series is the Board of Governors supplementary report to United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC, 1965) and two files on Board resolutions (1969 - 1971).

Series contains records maintained in Central Files and semi-centralized filing stations from 1946 until 1977 that relate to membership of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), and International Development Association (IDA). The records originated in the departments and offices whose files were centralized over a period of time including, but are not limited to: Offices of the President and Vice President; Treasurer's Department and its Cashier's Division; Office of the Controller; Legal Department; and others. Records also originated from the Secretary's Department responsible for coordinating the membership process. The department distributed certain correspondence and related documents to the Central Files while likely maintaining its own official files.

Records include internal memoranda, letters, cables, drafts and final Board resolutions, Secretary's memoranda, financial statements, handwritten notes, press releases, press clippings, external reports, national legislation documents, and other records. Informal meeting notes and summaries of discussion during visits to countries are in the form of internal memoranda. There are also summaries of annual meeting discussions between regional staff with delegations prepared as internal memoranda. Letters are primarily between the Bank president, vice president, Secretary's or Treasurer's Departments and government officials such as ministers, central bank authorities, and ambassadors.

Individual country membership files were separately maintained for IBRD, IFC, and IDA. The files document early discussions of membership, changes in membership status, and occasionally refers to the political situation of the country interested in membership.

Within the IBRD membership records (1946 - 1977), country files are subdivided into membership, capital, depository, governors and alternates, and withdrawals of membership for certain countries. Correspondence specifically relates to: notifications of interest or intention for membership; acknowledgement of applications and updates on membership process; opening and closing of accounts; payments of contributions by central banks; revaluations and devaluations of contributions; problems of interest due and unpaid subscriptions; bearing demands; audit and policy questions; monthly statements of transactions; procedures for maintenance of accounts in the name of IBRD; and adjustments of loans.

IFC country membership files (1954 - 1971) contain correspondence regarding background material for Bank/IFC/International Monetary Fund membership, discussions on projects financed by IFC, payments required from each country on its pending capital subscription to IFC, statements showing the balance of accounts, IFC loans, and a file concerning United States budget contribution to IFC. There is a smaller volume of files related to general IFC membership matters, IFC capital, and replenishment resources. General membership correspondence covers issues such as pending increases in member's capital subscriptions, holdings of non-convertible currencies in member countries as of June 1971 and matters relating to China's membership. Other files concern IFC capital stock and capital increase, subscriptions of member countries, replenishment of IFC capital, correspondence from IBRD to IFC concerning the use of Bank funds loaned to IFC, financial statements, schedules of projected subscriptions adjustments of IFC capital subscription. IFC replenishment resourcesfiles include correspondence documenting IFC needs for additional loan, increase of IFC equity resources, or capital stock, and new projection capital invested in equities.

IDA membership correspondence (1960 - 1977) concerns requests for the maintenance of accounts, additional subscriptions under IDA replenishment resources and payment process, requests for opening accounts in IDA books, balance of accounts, and maintenance of value due on initial subscription.

Series consists of records related to the internal administration and organization of the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA) maintained in the centralized filing system from 1946 to 1980. Records related to the International Finance Corporation (IFC) are less voluminous and were created between 1956 and 1974.

Records originated in the departments and offices whose files were centralized over time including, but not limited to: Administration; Organization and Planning; Development Services Department; Controller's Department; Program and Budgeting; Information Solutions; and the Office of the President and Office of the Vice President whose files were centralized until 1968. Although Secretary's Department records were considered specialized according to the Administration Manual and were decentralized beginning from 1947, there is a significant volume of correspondence between the Secretary's Department and other centralized departments in this series. The types of records comprising the series include internal memoranda occasionally filed with accompanying Board or committee reports and other internal reports and drafts, as well as cables, incoming and outgoing letters, minutes of meetings and proceedings, copies and drafts of contracts and agreements, press releases, press clippings, external reports and articles, and architectural plans and drawings.

The series contains records related to the organization and procedures of theBank as well as the establishment of its departments and subordinate offices. A small volume of files related to the President's Office and Vice President's Office (1947 - 1971) document general and personal activities and congratulatory letters, as well as two files regarding the organization of the President's Council (1969 - 1968) and subjects for discussion at the council meetings, together with organizational charts and bulletins. The records also document Bank-wide reorganizations as well as work programs, budgets, staffing requirements, internal relations, and activity reports of various Bank departments and divisions from 1946 to the 1970s including: Administration, Economic Department, Loan Department, Legal Department, Development Services and its successor Information and Public Affairs, Technical Operations and its successor Projects Department, Programming and Budgeting, Technical Assistance and Planning Staff, Secretary's, and Treasurer's. Several files relate to the organization of the Bank's early economic research program as well as meeting summaries and monthly progress reports of the Loan Department and Economic Department and its' sector division staff. These department files mostly contain memoranda that is occasionally attached to administrative circulars announcing staffing assignments and organizational changes, press clippings, or other records. A few files in the series relate to Economic Development Institute (EDI) administration, inquiries, and library project (1969 - 1971). Field offices files document administrative procedures for the setting-up and operations of offices. Correspondence is mostly between the Bank's representatives or field office staff, and senior management and staff at headquarters. The more substantive letters in the representative files describe the economic situation in the countries. Field offices files include the following record date ranges: Paris Office, also referred to as the European Office, first opened in Europe (1947 - 1979), New York (1947 - 1971), Beirut (1952 - 1954), London (1956 - 1979), Geneva (1965 - 1968), Copenhagen (1969 - 1971), and Treasurer Department's various offices in Europe (1947 - 1949). A small number of resident mission files (1969 - 1980) mostly relate to the offices' functions, leasing of premises, and other administrative matters.

Other records in the series document policies and operations of the Bank's administrative and support services such as: records management and the maintenance and disposition of World Bank records and official documents; Joint Library and Legal Library; internal audit; translation and document printing services; communications; the use of devices and computers; and data processing.

Series also contains records related to the Articles of Agreement and By-Laws of IBRD and IDA (1946 - 1971). Included are: internal memoranda; cables; copies of the Articles including in French and Spanish; printed by-laws; drafts and official Board documents and decisions; reports of the Committee on Interpretations and Committee on Procedure; and correspondence concerning the interpretation and amendments of these instruments as well as the IFC Articles of Agreement and Charter; and voting of countries on the articles and by-laws. Other files concern the IBRD, IDA, and IFC budget (1948 - 1971) language (1950 - 1968), and seals (1956 - 1965).

There are records such as internal memoranda and reports, United Nations resolutions and minutes, UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) reports, press clippings, and speeches related to the history and inauguration of IFC (1956 - 1974), history of the Bank, and history projects such as the Brookings Institution publication and oral history planning (1942, 1944, 1947 - 1974). There is a single file related to the origin of IDA, labeled as General Counsel "Mr. Sommers' working file on IDA" including legislation, summaries of President Black's meetings, statements of Board of Governors, and country member notes on the IDA proposal (1959 - 1960). Also included is a list of bibliographic sources from pre-Bretton Woods period. The 1942 and 1944 documents are copies of outlines and draft "Proposal for a Bank of Reconstruction and Development of the United and Associated Nations" by the United States Treasury research department. Also includes correspondence regarding the planning of anniversary celebrations (1956 - 1971), draft statements, and press coverage booklets of the tenth and twentieth anniversaries of IBRD (1966).

Donations and organizational membership records in the series (1956 - 1968) relate to policy discussion about Bank financial contributions to international and local institutions, professional societies, as well as club memberships and membership dues.

Series also contains records of various Bank meetings and the functions and procedures of committees beginning from 1946 to 1977. Includes correspondence and minutes of professional staff meetings (1951 - 1968), senior staff meetings (1969 - 1971), department heads meetings outside of Washington, or "lost weekends" (1952 - 1968), Administration Department staff meetings (1947 - 1968), and other department meetings (1966 - 1968). Committee records include minutes or reports of: the Board Committee on Administration and Administrative Policy (1946 - 1957); Board Committee on Interpretation and Procedure (1946 - 1949); Joint Bank-Fund Committee on Integrated Services and Functions (1949 -1953); Joint Library Committee (1946 - 1947); Committee on Bank Organization (1952); Committee on Staff Utilization (1955); PublicationsCommittee (1969 - 1971); and others.

The series contains a substantial volume of records concerning the preparation and amendment of directives and manuals that set out the policies, procedures, and standards for the overall management and administration of the World Bank from 1946. Includes correspondence and statements regarding the preparation of the Administrative Manual, Organizational Bulletin and Policies and Procedures Statements (1947 - 1966), IFC Administrative Manual (1956 - 1966), Basic Documents Manual (1961 - 1971), and Organizational Manual (1966 -1971). There are also sets of the Administrative Order and Information Circular (1946 - 1947), Administrative Circulars (1947 - 1974) and Weekly Bulletins (1965 - 1971), and related memoranda. The Weekly Bulletins replaced the Information Bulletin in December 1952 and were prepared successively by the Administrative Planning Division, the Organization and Procedures Division (1970), the Administrative Services Department's Document Services Division (1972), and Information and Public Affairs (1973). There are also copies of the Development Services Department newsletter (1969 - 1971).

The series contains memoranda and other records concerning agreements (1949 - 1975) of an administrative nature such as cost-sharing between IBRD and IDA, Bank and IFC, and between the Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Other agreements pertain to library services of the Joint Library and the Legal Library, United Nations and the Bank, and leasing of space and office rentals. There are also records related to authorized signatures for written instruments.

Series contains correspondence, copies of contracts, building and floor plans, technical drawings, and other records relating to the acquisition, construction, and maintenance of World Bank Group buildings and management of premises in Washington, Paris, London, and New York (1949 - 1977). There are several files documenting the construction of the Bank "D" building at 1809 G Street, Washington. Also included are New York office plans dated 1963 and reproductions of 1937 plans.

Series also contains records related to Bank assets such as vehicles and apartments and facilities for Economic Development Institute (EDI) participation, insurance coverage of buildings and vehicles, as well as other administrative files on office services, conference rooms and cafeterias, maintenance contracts, office space and security, parking facilities, and the creation of the Bank-Fund Credit Union.

There are also records related to general staff services and policies, financial assistance, privileges and immunities, taxation including Bank staff exemptions, travel policy and travel services, retirement plan, staff health and welfare, insurance coverage, and the Staff Association. Includes privileges and immunities files for IFC (1955 - 1968). Other files deal with contributions to charity, allowances for official entertainment, and policy regarding the acceptance of gifts, civil defense, and other matters.

Series also contains a small portion of reports, correspondence, and other records relating to varied topics including: studies of the Bank's organization and procedures conducted by General Counsel Davidson Sommers (1962 - 1966) and Vice President Mohamed Shoaib's Study Committee (1966 - 1967); the Bank's involvement in the establishment of the Washington International School (1969 - 1971); public relations (1972 - 1974); and copy of the report "The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1946 - 1953".

Series consists of records maintained in Central Files and semi-centralized filing stations that relate to the formation and management of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) borrowing operations in international capital markets, between 1946 and 1974. The records detail the development of bonds, or debt securities, as a method of financing Bank lending operations, the marketing of bonds, and issuance of the first IBRD bonds and others that followed. The first two bond issues totaling $250 million were sold on the New York Stock Exchange on July 15, 1947. The first issue of bonds in a currency other than United States dollars was a Swiss franc private placement with the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in 1948, and the first public bond offering outside of the United States was a sterling issue on the London market in 1951. Records in the series also cover the selling of securities from the early 1950s through 1974 in the capital markets mainly concentrated in Canada (first issue in 1952), western Europe, Japan, Kuwait, and other countries.

The records originated in the units whose files were centralized over a period of time and whom worked closely together on borrowing, including Treasurer's Department, Legal Department, Marketing Department based in the Bank's New York office, and Office of the Controller. Records of the Office of the President were also centralized until 1968 and there is correspondence originating mainly from Presidents John McCloy, Eugene R. Black, and George D. Woods.

General and background records

Bond records contain general correspondence files (1946 - 1968) and background material (1946 - 1947) related to the establishment of borrowing operations. Other general files in the series relate to matters concerning bond holders, quotations, inquiries, purchase contracts, printing, prospectus, cancellations, cremations, taxes, and other subjects. There is a smaller volume of files concerning a price study by G. Holzman regarding the sale and repurchase of securities (1947).

Borrowing records

A large volume of files relate to approvals for borrowing are arranged according to banking or financial institution and specific bond issue. Records are predominantly created from 1946, apart from a few files with background documents dated 1937 to 1945; these include copies of the United States Department of the Treasury regulations governing the destruction of United States securities. There are original incoming and outgoing letters, including letters of approval from Bank president or vice president to country ministers or central bank executives, and letters to and from Bank secretary and general counsel with country officials outlining proposed changes to related legislation. Correspondence between the Bank chief, Securities Division of Treasurer's Department and the chief, Accounting Division of Controller's Department to the banking institutions document the underwriting and offering arrangements with information about the percentage, account, details of purchase transaction, and any settlement of amounts. Correspondence is often filed with copies of country legislation regulating the trade of securities and terms, as well as receipts, cables, copies of certificates, draft and final Board resolutions authorizing proposed borrowings, handwritten notes, data tables, and external records such as the United States Security and Exchange Commission and US Treasury press releases. Internal memoranda periodically details the Bank's operations in the lending country, condition of markets, and summaries of Bank senior officials' visits to the country.

Bond issues

The series also contains a large volume of bond issue files arranged by country and specific issue. Several bond issue files are further arranged into 'general', 'printing', 'prospectus', 'purchase contracts', 'registration' and 'redemption'. Most of the records originated in the Treasurer's Department and Legal Department and relate to bond arrangements and transactions with international banking institutions and trust companies.

The general bond issue files mostly contain internal memoranda and letters that detail the proposed bond issues and terms of conditions for purchase, arrangements with international banks to list bonds on the stock exchanges and publish advertisements, regulatory and tax status of bonds, meetings with country officials, and other matters. Correspondence is often filed with: Bank press releases; draft and final Board resolutions detailing bond issues and attached purchase agreements, temporary stock certificate, and form of definitive bond (or coupon); memorandum of sale; and meeting summaries and minutes including those of the Staff Loan Committee. There are also copies of correspondence between the Bank president and country finance minister related to the approval for proposed borrowing. Certain bond issue files provide information about the relationship between the Bank and country, particularly in the case of the early Switzerland files.

Printing files contain letters between the Bank's Legal Department or others, and corporations regarding the approval of specimen bond certificates and printing of bonds. Correspondence in the United States files is primarily with the American Bank Note Company. Other records in the files include specimen bond certificates and press clippings from international newspapers.

The prospectus correspondence concerns the distribution of the prospectus to dealers, comments on preliminary drafts and registration statement, primarily between Legal and Secretary's Departments and government officials.

Bond registration records contains correspondence to and from the Bank's general counsel to the secretary and others, with attached copies of the registration statement, Bank Articles of Agreement and By-Laws, loan agreement, and preliminary prospectus in accordance with legal requirements under United States Securities Act and other national legislation.

The redemption records relate to various matters including payment of redemption price, draftBoard resolutions authorizing redemption, letters from the Bank treasurer to fiscal agents authorizing payments on principal, interest, and redemption premium, other cables and letters with private banks regrading refunding operations of bonds, publication of redemption notices, and sinking fund payments.

Purchase contract files contains primarily letters concerning the purchase of bond issues outlining terms of contract and payment details, mostly between the Bank's chief of Finance Department, the director of Marketing Department, and commercial banks.

Marketing

The series also contains a substantial quantity of records regarding marketing of bonds arranged by country (1947 - 1974) and include: internal memoranda and incoming and outgoing letters, many sent and received from the Marketing Department based in New York City and the director of Public Relations; copies of public releases and newspaper advertisements inviting tenders on bond issues, several of them notarized as certification of advertising. There is also internal memoranda from Bank secretary to president and outgoing letters from Presidents Black and McCloy to executive directors and alternate directors proposing expanding marketing of World Bank bonds. Memoranda from 1947 discusses a program of advertising for World Bank securities and the benefits of advertising.

Fiscal agents

Records comprising the series also include fiscal agent files (1946 - 1974) representing the following institutions from the earliest years of operation (1946 to 1949): Federal Reserve Bank of New York; Chase Manhattan Bank; Bank of Canada; Bank of Mexico; Bank of Paris; and agents in Germany and United Kingdom. Records relate to arrangements and draft agreements between the Bank and fiscal agents performing financial duties such as authentication, registration, and bond redemption.

Records comprising the series are primarily in English, however, some bond advertisement press clippings, prospectuses, and Board documents are in other languages indicated belowin the Language note.

Series consists of records concerning the formulation of policies, guidelines and standards, and advisory support for lending as well as economic sector work of the International Bank for Reconstruction of Development (IBRD). These records were maintained in the centralized files from 1946 to 1987. The 1987 records in this series are very few. The remainder of 1987 files were likely handed over to the functional departments following the closure of the NRIC in July 1987. The offices and non-regional departments whose records were centralized over time and are represented most prominently in this series include (but are not limited to): Office of the President and Vice President (beginning 1946); Research, later Economic Department (1946 - 1952); Technical Operations and sector divisions (1952 - 1965) and its successors Projects Department (1965 -1972), Central Projects Staff (1972 - 1982), and Operations Policy Vice Presidency (1982 - 1986).

Records in the series predominantly cover the period 1946 to 1986, apart from a file on pulp and paper that contains a copy of an external report dated 1944. The 1987 records are limited to a single file concerning urban development. Records are mostly in the form of internal memoranda or incoming and outgoing letters that are sometimes filed with cables, project data reports, evaluation reports, commodities notes, study reports or concept papers written by staff or consultants, private sector proposals, external publications and reports from governments and agencies, press clippings, external articles, conference and meeting invitations, list of participants, and booklets. Draft and final case studies, back-to-office reports, terms of reference, and progress reports are often in the form of internal memoranda.

The series contains a substantial quantity of records concerning the Bank lending policy and guidelines as well as economic sector work in the form of projects and studies for operational sectors including (but not limited to): agriculture; education; industry; rural and urban development; housing; energy; ecology; environment; population and family planning; health and nutrition; trade; transportation; water supply and waste; public utilities; and public finance. Specific industries covered in the files are mining, forestry, construction, ports and shipping, tourism, and science and technology, among others.

Sector lending policy and guidelines files consists mostly of internal memoranda originating in the Economic Department (1946 - 1952) and its successors later under the vice president then senior vice president of operations including Central Projects, its sector departments, and Operations Policy Vice Presidency. Correspondents outside of the Bank include consulting firms, assorted United Nations agency officers, country and university officials, and private industry representatives. The records contain general policy formulation and discussion on the following subjects: project evaluation; studies to support consideration of Bank loans and terms of reference for the studies; comments on concept papers and on industry guidelines; Bank staff visits to the field and missions; project performance audit reports; unit activities and work program; participation in seminars, conferences or other events; and requests for technical information from international industry experts regarding pulp and paper management, seed processing machinery, animal breeding, and other specialized topics.

Also included in the series are several files, many originating from the Projects Advisory Staff and units, concerning procurement (1978 - 1986), consultants and consulting services (1980 - 1986), cofinancing (1983 -1986), and feasibility program files which concern project and sector studies of the Development Service Department (1960 - 1965). There is also a single file dated 1978 regarding the Consultative Group on Food Production and Investment in Development Countries (CGFPI), and three photographs depicting a World Bank display of publications and posters for an environment sector event in the 1970s.

Project and study files also include the Bank's research and policy analyses on numerous commodities as well as commodity prices stabilization, development aid, economic data and reporting, capital markets and capital mobilization, imports and exports, Bank financing, and other subjects. The commodities files include several on coffee which provide information about statistics on prices, production, distribution and export, project participation with the International Coffee Organization and ICO meetings in which the Bank participated as observers, and the International Coffee Agreement (1969 - 1971). Other commodities included among the files are oil, gold, metals, sugar, jute, livestock, and several others.

The records in this series contain the reports, correspondence, and studies compiled by the Directors of OED (OEDDR). The Director is selected by the Director-General, Operations Evaluation (DGO), and is responsible for the overall management of the OED. Principal functions include:

• assisting the Director-General in making periodic assessments of the adequacy and effectiveness of the operations evaluation system in light of the institutional objectives of the World Bank;

• carrying out reviews of the Bank's completion reports and other self-evaluations, performance audits on selected completed projects, impact evaluations, and evaluation studies focusing on operational programs, policies, strategies, and processes;

• assisting member countries to develop their own operations evaluation capacities; and

• disseminating evaluation findings both within the Bank and to the wider development community.

The series contains the records of Christopher R. Willoughby, who was the first Director of OED. Primarily consisting of memoranda, these records document the early development of the operations evaluation function and of the Operations Evaluation Department in the 1970s. Also contained in this file are records of subsequent OED Directors from the 1980s and 1990s. These records relate to a variety of topics.

The records in this series were maintained by the Development Policy Group (DPG) and its predecessor, the Economic Advisory Staff (EAS), and consist of the following seven small groupings of memoranda and reports concerning schedules and procedures for the drafting and review of Country Strategy Papers (CSPs):

• 1. EAS status reports and memoranda concerning schedules for producing CPSs and slippages in those schedules, November 25, 1987 - February, 19, 1991.
• 2. EAS correspondence with Regional staff regarding schedules for CSP Initiating Memoranda, May 24, 1989 - March 16, 1990.
• 3. EAS and DPG memoranda regarding revisions of CSP guidelines for inclusion in the Operational Manual (OM) and copies of the relevant sections from the OM, January 5, 1987 - February 4, 1993.
• 4. EAS copies of CSP reviews prepared in FY 88 and FY 90 and comments on those reviews, October 10, 1988 - April 27, 1990.
• 5. EAS correspondence regarding guidelines for country strategy reviews for IDA countries, March 13, 1990 - June 4. 1993.
• 6. EAS memoranda concerning plans for scheduling CSP in FY 1992, February 19 -July 5, 1991.
• 7. EAS and DPG correspondence concerning CSP schedules and procedures regarding the content and the review process for CSPs, April 20, 1988 - April 6, 1994.

This series contains project and research reports on Indonesia that were prepared by or for the Government of Indonesia or as part of the regular work of an Indonesian institution. A few are pre-publication versions. They were obtained by Gloria Davis as background for her work on Indonesia.

In a few cases Gloria Davis obtained part of a series of reports in English and part in Bahasa; see, for example, the Survey Agro Ekonomi where working papers 8, 9 and 11 are English and the rest of the seriesis in Bahasa. Similarly, the early monitoring reports of the Baturaja and Way Abung monitoring by Institut Pertanian Bogor are in English, but the draft final reports are in Bahasa.

The first Indonesian transmigration program that the World Bank financed (Transmigration I) involved the areas of Baturaja and Way Abung. Transmigration II involved the areas of Rimbo Bujang, Alai Hilir, and Singkut along the trans-Sumtra highway in Jambi province. The files in this series are primarily on those locations, with additional files on topics such as cassava and land tenure. Davis incorporated in the files documents from her previous work on Indonesia, such as a bibliography from 1972, and writings from other Indonesia specialists that she used. The files Baturaja - Way Abung Computer Analysis and Notes include notes that Davis made in 1976.

Some interview notes are included, as are maps, documents from the Government of Indonesia, reports from consultants, and a draft of Beyond Subsistence: A Report on the Agricultural Economies of Way Abung and Baturaja, a study prepared by Davis. The Way Abung file includes summaries based on a brief survey of 240 informants in 12 WA villages and supplementary material from a report from IPB Bogor based on interviews with 90 migrant families. A survey was conducted in the Rimbobujang area, and the files contain information, data, and analysis from that survey.

While most of the files relate to the geographic areas included in the transmigration program review that was conducted between 1979 and 1981, the series also includes a file on a review of the North Sumatra smallholder development project. At the end of the series is a file containing progress reports 3 through 10 on the South Sumatra and Lampung Transmigration and Rural Development Project, prepared for the Government of Indonesia by its consultants.

The files are useful for an historical perspective on the villages and areas where transmigration occurred.

The series consists of budget monitoring records for the fiscal years 1999 to 2002 for FSEVP and its subordinate departments and units. The budget records include correspondence and memoranda; work program budgets; budget guidelines reports; quarterly and mid-year budget review reports; staffing expense reports; budget allocation; status budget reports; and budget deliverables. Proposed and planned budget records are also included for projects funded by the New Spending Authority (NSA) as part of the WorldBank and IMF Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) for the years 1998 to 2001. The FSAP records include retrospective reports, strategic compact funding, and cross support budget records.

The series appears to have been established by Davis when she began work at the World Bank, although it incorporates two papers that she wrote before coming to the Bank. Each file is titled with her name, the subject of the document it contains and usually a date. A file of drafts, primarily of papers Davis wrote in the 1970s, was added to the subject files.

Most of these items are memos or reports written by Davis during her first years at the Bank. They all concern Indonesia, and in them Davis' voiceand opinions are clearly expressed. Particularly interesting are notes she wrote following a visit to Saimen in August 1978, reporting on what residents told her about the Kali Tapan demonstration project.

This series principally contains maps, but it also includes some oversize organization charts and schematic drawings. Approximately half are commercial maps of Indonesia, the remainder are maps created for projects funded by the Bank. Some project maps are hand colored or annotated.

The maps are extremely useful for studying the Bank funded transmigration projects, particularly the surveys undertaken in 1978 and 1979.

Series consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence on a variety of topics. Correspondence takes the form of faxes, letters, and memoranda.

External correspondents include: staff members and diplomats at the United Nations; representatives of energy and environment-related organizations; leaders in the financial sector; government officials from various countries; academic institutions; and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

Series includes internal memos to President Wolfensohn. These are generally brief and relate to information sharing, mission and meeting briefing, planning and logistics, brief advisory submissions, and reports on Strong's activities. Other memos are to World Bank Group (WBG) senior management including managing directors and vice presidents. Topics are wide-ranging.

Faxes from Strong's office at the WBG to Strong's assistant are included. These generally include information for upcoming meetings and logistical information provided to Strong when he was away from Washington, DC

A small amount of correspondence relate to Strong's separate roles as chairman of the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Earth Council.

Series consists of records relating to McHugh's travels in late 1994 and 1996. Travel includes: the "Lesson with Borders" conference in Denver, Colorado in May 1996; Des Moines, Iowa for various meetings in June 1996; meetings with the heads of foundations in Washington, DC in March 1996; and a Socratic Seminar during the 1994 Board of Governors Annual Meetings in Madrid, Spain in October 1994.

Records consist of briefing notes, schedules and agendas, logistical materials, meeting notes, and correspondence.

Records relate primarily to two engagements with commissioners on the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) Advisory Commission (also known as the Meltzer Commission) held in November 1999 and February 2000. McHugh played a significant role monitoring the commission and briefing World Bank Group (WBG) President Wolfensohn on the commission.

Records relating to the IFI Advisory Commission include briefing books for a dinner with the commission on November 1, 1999 and for a hearing with the commissionon February 2, 2000. Briefing book records consist of talking points, background on the formation of the commission, background on commission members, and papers and reports on the topic of IFIs authored by commission members.

Other records in this series relate to a series of meetings President Wolfensohn had with units of International Finance Corporation (IFC) in December 1997. Records consist of briefing materials as well as resources provided to President Wolfensohn following individual meetings.

This series contains photographs documenting internal and external meetings, speaking engagements, appearances, mission travel, and other events participated in by President Wolfensohn or otherwise related to the activities of the Office of the President (EXC). Most photographs are taken by World Bank Group (WBG) photographers, although some were apparently taken by country offices hosting the president or by host countries or organizations who similarly documented the event and shared the photographs withthe EXC. In the case of photos shared by other parties, a letter or note that accompanied the photos is sometimes included.

Materials in this series are almost all photograph prints; a very small number of slides, negatives, and contact sheets are also included. Photographic prints range in dimension. The majority are color but black and white photos are also included.

Most photographs are in file folders, while some are in envelopes or, in even lesser number, scrapbooks. The number of photos in folders and envelopes generally range from one to ten photos, although there are instances where a folder can contain more than fifty photos, particularly those related to mission travel. A very small number of the photos are housed in frames, likely as the result of being given to President Wolfensohn as a gift.

Photos from President Wolfensohn's mission travel are the most numerable and cover a wide variety of activities, from meeting with country heads of state, government ministers, civic leaders, and private citizens, to touring cultural sites and WBG project. Mission travel includes both visits to country members who receive World Bank Group loans as well as travel to countries that fund and donate WBG operations. A number of travel-related photographs are of Elaine Wolfensohn, President Wolfensohn's wife, who accompanied him on much of his mission travel and would often tour project and cultural sites and meet with local people independently. A small number of photograph albums sent from country governments and/or representatives that had hosted President Wolfensohn are also included in this series.

Photos related to non-mission travel activities, primarily internal to the WBG or at events in the Washington, D.C. area, are also included. These include photos from the WBG / International Monetary Fund (IMF) Board of Governors Spring and Annual Meetings as well as internal events participated in or attended by President Wolfensohn, such as loan signings, social events, and staff recognition events. Photos with senior World Bank Group staff are also included.

A small number of photos not directly related to President Wolfensohn or EXC are also included in this series. These photos presumably were used for publications or communications originating in EXC. They include photos of senior staff, loan signings, World Bank Articles of Agreement signing, and country photos. Some of these photos date from prior to President Wolfensohn's tenure or are undated.

A small amount of textual materials accompany photos.These are primarily Document Log sheets generated by EXC and contain a description and date of the photo. Receipts generated by the internal printing unit are also included in a small number of folders. Records dating from 2004-05 that relate to the management and digitization of photos in this series are also included. Other textual materials sometimes found in folders alongside photos include agendas and itineraries from meetings and mission travel documented in the photos.

A small number of publications have been included in this series. These are generally travel or tourist publications that were either collected by WBG staff during President Wolfensohn's mission travel or gifted to President Wolfensohn during mission travel. Of these publications only one, a photo album commemorating the 1997 Annual Meetings in Hong Kong, relates directly to the World Bank Group.

Series consists of country and area records containing information on individual countries and various geopolitical areas. In some cases, records relating to individual countries are general in nature, covering a variety of topics. Other folders primarily relate to specific operations in the country or specific topics related to the country. Note, however, that folders with titles indicating a specific topic may also include records relating to other topics, activities, or World Bank Group (WBG) operationsin that country.

Records include correspondence and briefings originating in the WBG as well as correspondence, reports, and background information from government officials and offices, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), or other external partners and sources.

Contains records related to the daily scheduling of President Wolfensohn's activities. Schedules cover activities related to both his roles as World Bank Group president as well as a private citizen, although in the case of the latter less detail is included. World Bank Group business and personal activities often overlap.

Records include daily schedules for President Wolfensohn and indicate travel, meetings, meeting participants, and other activities. Daily schedules are available for nearly every day of President Wolfensohn's presidency. In some cases when President Wolfensohn was on extended travel, a separate schedule bundle was created in place of, or in addition to, regular daily schedules and these are included as well. In a small number of cases, briefing material accompanies the travel schedule.

Other materials include long-term monthly calendars printed off monthly or bimonthly for the following six months.

This series consists of external correspondence received by President Wolfensohn during his tenure as World Bank Group president. It also includes internal correspondence received by the president from 2000 to the end of his tenure in 2005. Internal and external correspondence was, from the beginning of Wolfensohn's tenure in 1995 to the end of 1999, managed separately and in separate sequences in the Office of the President's (EXC) document management database. Internal correspondence from this period is arranged elsewhere in this subfonds. Beginning in 2000, external and internal correspondence were combined and have not been separated, resulting in the inclusion of internal correspondence from 2000 to 2005 in this series.

The majority of external correspondence files are initiated by incoming correspondence. These take the form of letters, faxes, and emails and can sometimes include accompanying information in the form of brochures, fact sheets, reports, and similar. A small amount of external communication is initiated by the Office of the President (EXC). The purpose of this type of correspondence can include expressions of congratulations or gratitude, requests for participation in programs or conferences, or requests for donations.

Upon receiving or initiating a correspondence, the letter was logged in the correspondence management database and given a reference number. A profile for each piece of correspondence was completed and, in almost all cases, this information was added to the physical file in the form of an "External Correspondence Profile". The profile includes a description of the correspondence (name, organization, addressee at the WBG, date, and topic) and the WBG office and individual designated for action. In most cases, the "action" is to draft a response either for the president's signature or by a member of WBG senior management in the president's place; in these cases, instructions and a due date are provided. In addition to the profile, each external correspondence package may consist of internal memoranda or emails discussing the response (including related past communications and other materials to provide background information) and the response itself. In some cases, responses to correspondence were made by telephone and this is noted in the internal correspondence or on the correspondence profile. In others, it is determined that no response is necessary and this is noted in the instructions in the correspondence profile. Generally, all materials relating to a single correspondence are stapled together. Some of the incoming correspondence is in a language other than English; in these cases, an English translation is usually provided either by the correspondent or by the Bank.

The types of external correspondents included in this series are wide-ranging. They include: country leaders, government officials, and diplomats; international organizations; non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other members of civil society; foundations; academic and research institutions; public figures; and private citizens.

Note that the correspondence unit also received and logged personal correspondence received by President Wolfensohn. Following its registration, personal correspondence was managed separately and is not included in this series. However, as the personal correspondence was logged, it did receive a reference number and this explains the missing items in the reference numbering sequence. In later years, beginning in 2002, a paper was inserted into the physical correspondence that read "JDW Personal Mail (No File Copy)".

The topics covered in the correspondence are varied. They include: requests for financial support or information; expressions of gratitude and congratulations; invitations for the president to visit a country or organization, to participate in conferences, to speak at events, or to contribute an article; invitations for the president to attend social events; knowledge and information sharing; and networking and making connections.

As noted, this series includes internal correspondence received and sent by President Wolfensohn from 2000 to the end of his tenure in 2005. Internal correspondence makes up a very small percentage of the records during this time. Correspondents generally include members of the WBG's senior management and relate to information sharing, responses to President Wolfensohn's requests for information, discussion of personnel decisions, updates on projects, and courtesy copies of correspondence between other WBG staff.

This series consists of records relating to preparation for President Wolfensohn's participation in meetings and other engagements with the World Bank Group's (WBG) Board of Executive Directors. The Board plays a role in deciding on proposals made by the WBG president relating to loans, credits, and guarantees, new policies, and administrative budget. The WBG president serves as chairman of the Board, meeting regularly with the Board of Executive Directors, both formally and informally. Records in this series relate to both formal meetings between President Wolfensohn, WBG leadership, and the Board as well as informal meetings on specific topics often consisting of individual or small groups of executive directors and the president.

Records in this series primarily take the form of briefing materials created for President Wolfensohn. Briefing materials for formal meetings of the Board are primarily compiled by Office of the President (EXC) staff and WBG senior leadership, including managing directors and vice presidents. Generally, these briefing materials are not as organized or consistent as other briefing materials created for the president; they usually lack cover sheets and indexes and internal correspondence and correspondence with executive directors is often included along with other material.

Briefing materials for most formal Board meetings include a "Document Log" sheet at the beginning or end of the records that is generated by EXC's document management system. The log usually contains information about: the meeting (agenda, participants, etc.); nature of President Wolfensohn's participation; and the roles and support provided by WBG staff.

Other briefing materials include Bank reports, minutes from past Board and non-Board meetings, talking points, and summaries of comments submitted to the president on specific topics. Also note that, while the WBG president chairs meetings with the Board of Directors, WBG leadership and staff are often responsible for presenting proposed projects, policies, or other topics. As such, briefing material includes presentation materials, either in the form of notes or presentation slides, authored and disseminated by WBG staff.

Briefing materials for informal meetings can include a covers sheet describing the origin and purpose of the meeting, background materials on topics to be discussed, biographies of meeting counterparts, and internal correspondence relating to the planning and preparation for the meeting. Briefing materials for ad hoc events involving executive directors, such as seminars, dinners, or field trips, contain records similar to above as well as logistical information.

The series contains records maintained by the Health, Nutrition, and Population team (HDNHE) and previous units to provide quality support services and development effectiveness guidelines to operational task teams managing health, nutrition, and population (HNP) projects. The Bank's Quality Assurance Group (QAG) often, but not always, included an HDNHE representative. The Quality Enhancement Review (QER) panel was first instituted for HNP projects in Fiscal Year 1999 and led by HDNHE senior staff. QER broadly followed the QAG methodology to improve the quality of the project but functioned as an independent group of senior colleagues who conducted the project preparation review with the task teams.

Records in the series were primarily maintained by Chris Walker, senior public health specialist and later lead specialist of the Health, Nutrition, and Population Quality team. Types of records include: hard copy emails; draft and final project documents such as Project Appraisal Documents (PADs) and aide-memoires; background reports for the panel such as internal sector policy and strategy reports; meeting agenda; occasionally draft and final panel review reports; handwritten notes; minutes of project concept review meetings; and QER guidelines. Several records including the project documents and meeting summaries contain Walker's handwritten annotated notes.

There are also records related to HNP Quality of Supervision workshop 1994 - 1998.

Series primarily contains records related to conferences, seminars, internal training courses, brown bag lunch (BBL) presentations, or other events organized or attended by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Team (HDNHE) and previous units. A portion of the records were maintained by Principal Economist Helen Saxenian who was also the health, nutrition, and population sector training coordination committee chair. Records were also maintained by Senior Nutritionist Judith McGuire, Consultant Joy Miller de Rosso, and others.

Records comprising the series include: correspondence; seminar and presentation papers; back-to-office reports, several regarding health reforms and health systems studies; sound and video recordings of presentations; hard copies of presentation slides; minutes and agenda of committee training meetings; and learning materials such as course descriptions and BBL summaries occasionally filed with statistical data tables or articles.

Topics include, but are not limited to: HIV/AIDS, evidence-based medicine, vaccines, health care and poverty, nutrition, health and social sector reform, Safe Motherhood or women and children's health, and country health care systems.

There are also two files related to the Bank's Economic Development Institute (EDI) case studies (1980 - 1990).

The series also contains audiocassette recordings of the Food and Nutrition Policy Course (1997 - 1998) and one file of textual records containing the course material. The videocassette titles included in the series are "What do Women and Children Die of?" (1998) and "Challenges for Health Sector Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean" (1999).

Series consists of records documenting the partnerships of the various divisions and departments responsible for the population, health, and nutrition sector with external organizations across the sector and program collaboration.

The largest volume of records in the series relate to the administration of the International Health Policy Program (IHPP, 1983 - 1989) initiated by Pew Charitable Trusts, and later jointly funded by Carnegie Corporation, to provide institutional grants for health policy research and individual fellowships for career development. The Population, Health, and Nutrition Department (PHN) and World Health Organization (WHO) provided guidance and support to IHPP. Beginning in 1986, the Bank provided office accommodations to the program's three-person secretariat within PHN (soon the Population, Health, and Nutrition Division [PHRHN] after the Bank-wide 1987 reorganization). The IHPP Secretariat was led by Director Davidson R. Gwatkin who reported to the international Advisory Committee responsible for guiding and overseeing the activities of IHPP. The secretariat salaries and expenses were paid by the Institute of International Education (IIE), the agency that administered Pew's contribution. Dr. Anthony Measham and David de Ferranti of PHRHN represented the Bank as members of IHPP's Advisory Committee.

Records reflect the secretariat's role in managing the IHPP including handling proposals and inquiries and directing operational strategy and activities primarily focused on Asian andAfrican countries. There are also records related to meetings and conferences attended by the secretariat and the Bank's activities related to the IHPP. Types of records include correspondence (some arranged in a chronological file), proposals, guidelines, reports submitted to IIE, discussion notes, external reports, Pew conferences papers, and financial and administrative records.

The series also contains records related to the Bank's partnership with the WHO / United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) / Bank Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR, 1972 - 1988, predominant 1978 to 1987). TDR was formed in 1975 to develop research, leadership, tools, and strategies to control the endemic tropical diseases (malaria, schistosomiasis, filariasis [including onchocerciasis], trypanosomiasis, leprosy and leishmaniasis) in developing countries. The Bank became a cosponsor of the program in 1977 as well as administrator of the TDR trust fund which consisted of contributions of governments and multilateral organizations. In fiscal year 1982, the Bank became a financial contributor to TDR. Records document PHN's administration of the TDR fund, participation in TDR's annual governing body meetings (Joint Coordinating Board), Standing Committee, the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC), and operational support.

TDR records include: memoranda, letters, and cables between PHN Directors Dr. John Evans and John North and TDR partners and donors, and some memoranda between PHN senior staff; programme, committee, and annual reports; financial statements; Board documents; copy of Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) agreement; Director Evan's back-to-office report and memoranda to senior vice president of operations; consultant reports; aide-memoirs; data tables; and printed material such as TDR newsletters, and external articles and reports. The MOU and fund arrangement file also contains the proposal for World Bank financial participation in international health research programmes, prepared by PHN in 1981 and presented as a memorandum from President McNamara to executive directors. Internal memoranda cover a range of topics such as securing resources to support TDR, arrangements for Bank's financial contribution to TDR, methods of investment and rate of return, budget, projects, policy, audit planning, comments on discussion papers and draft reports, and research capability strengthening. Correspondence from WHO assistant director-general to government officials and donors is copied to PHN director and relates to acknowledgment of contributions and soliciting participation in the Joint Coordination Board and fund raising. There is also correspondence between WHO assistant director-general and Senior Public Health Specialist Dr. Bernard Liese (PHNDR) regarding TDR contributions, budget, and other matters. A small number of files relate to the External Review Committee and history of TDR and background material for Bank participation (1974 - 1980).

Several files related to TDR thatwere originally maintained in the Non-Regional Information Center (NRIC) primarily contain correspondence beginning from 1972. These files contain original letters and memoranda to and from director of the Office of Environmental and Health Affairs (CPSEH) Dr. James Lee, (1975 - 1979) to WHO and the TDR director, and letters to and from the Bank's Water and Urban Development to TDR Officer. There is also correspondence sent and received by Public Health Officer Dr. Arlene Fonaroff (CPSEH 1978 - 1979, Population Projects Department Operations Division [POPD1] late 1979 - 1980, Division 1 Africa [PHND1] and PHN Director's Office [PHNDR] until 1981). Fonaroff and Lee were members of the TDR Standing Committee until approximately 1979.

The series also contains several files related to the Diarrheal Diseases Control (CDD) Programme (1978 - 1985) launched by WHO in 1978 in collaboration with PHN on behalf of the Bank, and other partners, UNDP, and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF).Records include, but are not limited to: memoranda authored by Dr. James Lee on a draft proposal for CDD; memoranda between Fonaroff and Director Dr. Evans regarding CDD meetings and activities; and original letters from WHO director-general regarding CDD meeting follow-up.

Also included among the records in this series are several files related to PHN

budgeting and coordination support for the global Onchocerciasis Control Program (1979 - 1987) also known as river blindness disease. PHN supported the control program through technical assistance, attendance at statutory and technical meetings, co-organizing symposia, reviewing health project preparation, disease surveillance and control arrangements in OCP countries, and evaluating operational research undertaken by OCP such as the Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Project Working Group. Onchocerciasis records were primarily maintained by PHN Epidemiologist Dr. Andre Prost and Deputy Division Chief Dr. Bernhard Liese (PHND2) who was a member of the secretariatof the OCP Committee of Sponsoring Agencies (CSA) and Expert Advisory Committee. Records include: back-to-office reports; copies of OCP committee and program reports; WHO OCP progress reports; Bank authored and WHO joint-authored research papers; PHN position paper on OCP; original and copies of internal memoranda between Prost, Liese, various PHN directors, and West Africa Region (WA1) senior management; copies of internal memoranda and outgoing letters from the Bank's OCP Coordinator Bruce Benton and theOCP programme director in Burkina Faso and correspondence from Bank senior vice president of operations and director, country programs in Africa to sponsoring members and donors.

The series also contains records related to the Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) in which the Bank is a partner with WHO, UNDP, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and UNICEF. HRP was formed to conduct research in human reproduction, bringing together policymakers,scientists, health care providers, clinicians, consumers, and community representatives to identify and address priorities for research to improve reproduction and sexual health. Records primarily include annual technical reports, biennial reports, meeting reports of the policy and coordinating committee of HRP attended by PHN Senior Population Adviser Dr. Tom Merric or Director Ann Hamilton on occasion, and related correspondence. There are also files concerning the Scientific and Technical Advisory Group(STAG), Standing Committee Reports (1986 - 1994), and the Bank's role in global population efforts (1989, 1992 - 1994).

Series also contains two files related to Bank - UNDP partnerships on projects implemented by UNDP. These are: UNDP/GLO/81/007 Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) - Sub Committee on Nutrition Research Planning (SCN) (1981 - 1983); and UNDP/GLO/77/014 - International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research (1978 - 1981).

Series contains draft reports and related materials circulated by the Economic Committee (EC) secretariat to committee members for review during a meeting of the committee, for written comment, or for information. In rare cases, the report is circulated by the committee chairperson. Most of the files included in this series use the classification system imposed following the reconstitution, in 1965, of the Staff Economic Committee (SEC) as the Economic Committee. Those files that include classification in their titles are classified as EC/O, or reports distributed to committee members, most but not all under review by the committee.

Note that in some report folders, only a secretariat's cover letter is included, indicating the title of a draft report that was previously attached and the date when either comments are requested, or a meeting will be held to discuss the report. In these cases, the actual report is not included, and the folder title indicates "no report attached".

The majority of the EC's time was given to review of reports focused on the economies and development prospects of individual countries. As such, most of the draft reports included in this series are Country Program Papers (CPPs, October 1969 to October 1972), Country Program Notes, Recent Economic Developments, or other general country economic reports. A small number of more focused country reports relating to the review of a specific aspect of that country's economy are included; these are generally focused on economic sectors suchas transportation, agriculture, energy, etc.

Draft reports relating to non-country-specific topics that were circulated to committee members are also included in this series. Reports date from 1965 to 1970. Some folders include the report as well as "correspondence" which generally refers to memoranda or other documents distributed in support of the review of the report under consideration.

Also contained in this series are draft versions of country economic profiles in the form of "Country Economic Briefs" prepared in 1968 by the Economic and Area Departments with contributions by the EC. These profiles were created, as described in the collection's preface, "to be a ready reference on the economies of World Bank Group members and of the World Bank Group's economic policy attitude towards them." The intention was to upgrade and update the material when more information became available. The briefs may include: a brief discussion of the country's economic situation and development challenges, authored by Area Departments; conclusions and recommendations prepared by the EC; a data brief, compiled by the Economic and Area Departments; and the latest economic map available highlighting topics such as land use, manufacturing centers, resource areas, etc.

A set of Five-Year Program Papers from 1968-69 are also included in this series. These economic profiles duplicate much of what is included in the Country Economic Briefs. The primary addition, which is not included for every folder, is memoranda summarizing the current development outlook for the country. This includes discussion of key problems and issues, creditworthiness, Bank actions, and tables documenting Bank project lending.

The series includes a small collection of monthly reports on Bank lending operations dating from 1969 and 1970. It is unclear if these tables were circulated to committee members or if they served as reference material for the committee's secretariat. The reports each focus on active or potential Bank-funded projects and consist oftwo types: reports on appraisal and negotiations of a project; and preparation and identification of a project. The former charts the progress of the appraisal and negotiations through 12 steps, from "decision to send appraisal mission" to "loan or credit signed." Each step includes an original forecast date, the previous month's forecast, and the current forecast or actual date. Reports on the preparation and identification of projects list the latest step completed as well as pre-investment studies required. Both types of reports include the option for notes and are signed by the Loan Officer.

Monthly reports describing expected economic missions by Area Departments and the staffing needs related to that mission travel are also included. Reports, beginning in January 1969, initially included expected mission travel and staff required for the following six months. Beginning in September 1969, reports began providing this information for the twelve months. While it is likely that all of these reports were circulated to committee members, beginning in September 1969 each report includes a cover letter indicating that the report was sent to committee members by the committee's secretariat. The final report provides planned mission travel for April 1970 to June 1971.

Series consists of records documenting the Transportation Projects Department (TPD) and successor units' research projects and activities, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) projects, and operational support to the Bank's lending and project activities in the transport sector. Specific records are further described within the sections below.

Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Study (HDMS) and Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model (HDM)

The largest volume of records in this seriesrelate to the World Bank?s Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model (HDM) and to the research projects that served as the basis for the model?s creation (1969 - 1988). The mathematical model resulted from the Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Study (HDMS) initiated in 1969 by Transportation Department (TRP) engineers to develop a new quantitative basis for investment decision making in the highways sector. The HDMS became a large-scale collaborative research project involving academic institutions and road agencies in several countries. Among the first collaborators were the British Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), the French Laboratoire Centrale des Ponts et Chaussee, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States.

While most of the records in this series concern the third model version, HDM-III, released in 1987 and researched and prepared over the previous decade, a massive portion of reports and background research materials from the earliest years ofthe project are also included. Records relate to general methodologies, country-based studies and analysis of highway design, evaluation, damage, costs, pavement performance, roughness measurement systems, deterioration, and maintenance. Records also relate to proposals to modify the HDM model, work programs, release of HDM, and discussion of a Permanent International Association of Road Congresses (PIARC) Committee on roads in developing regions.

Project records include proposals, reports, research and discussion papers, budget tables, user manuals, questionnaires, lists of computer specifications, model descriptions, and training materials. HDM-II and III were mainly based on field studies undertaken in Kenya, Brazil, India, and the Caribbean. The series mostly contains records that relate to the Brazilian and Indian studies, including internal and external reports, working papers, data tables or datasets, calculations, notes, memoranda, correspondence, back-to-office reports, project files, and seminar and presentation notes. Also included are the volumes of the Bank's Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Series that document the results of the HDM study: "The Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model"; User's Manual for the HDM-III Model, both authored by Thawat Watanatada, Clell G. Harral, William D. O. Paterson, Ashok M. Dhareshwa, Anil Bhandari, and Koji Tsunokawa and "Vehicle Operating Costs: Evidence from Developing Countries" by Andrew Chesher and Robert Harrison; and "Modelo de Normas de Diseno y Mantenimiento de Carreteras".

The Brazil Highway Research Project study was the largest of the HDM field studies and was conducted from 1975 to 1984. The results were used as the primary basis for the empirical and theoretical work of the HDM-III model issued in 1987. The project was financed by the Government of Brazil and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and executed by the Empresa Brasileira de Planejamento de Transportes (GEIPOT) jointly with a team from the World Bank and the Texas Research and Development Foundation. Its objectives were to determine the total cost of highway transportation in Brazil and minimize the cost. Topics among the records include costs of highway construction, highway characteristics, vehicle utilization and maintenance, road deterioration analysis, road roughness analysis, road costs, paved road deterioration, traffic simulation model, and fuel consumption. Many records were maintained by TRP's Senior Highway Engineer William D.O. Paterson, who was responsible for methodology and processing of the primary data.

Records of the India studies concern the spectrum of axle loads on national highways, growth of highway traffic, construction and maintenance of roads,road user cost, and road improvement programs in India.

Highway and road research and project support

Series also contains various records created and maintained while conducting research projects for publication, or analysis and support for Bank lending projects. The earliest records relate to a Washington Motor Vehicle Operating Cost Survey (1952 - 1953). Most material dates between 1968 and 1991.

Records include technical, laboratory, and work progress reports, as well as correspondence with external institutions, executive summaries, notes, back-to-office reports, Terms of Reference, project cycle documents, government reports, topography maps, and chronological files primarily maintained by Senior Highway Engineer William D. O. Paterson. The records contain information about the Indonesia Highway Betterment Project P003838 concerning pavement and asphalt testing and road maintenance, as well as state-owned transport enterprises in Indonesia, road management system, India road deterioration study, Niger Fourth and Sixth Highway Project missions, road and pavement management in Niger and Nigeria, Eastern Europe highway survey and analysis, supervision of transport studies under the Korea Highway Sector Loan P004112 and the Korea Provincial and County Roads. or Road Development Project P004107, road maintenance study in Tunisia, fuel pricing, taxing transport, road use costs, and road engineering.

Also included are working papers and reports from various authors regarding cost responsibility and allocation, vehicle size and load limits, pavement design and management, and road roughness in the United States, South Africa, Brazil, etc., reports and proceedings about road deterioration and terrain analysis, and correspondence, articles, notes concerning axle-load regulations, climate analysis, and the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) design method, which was based on extensive tests on pavement failure carried out between the 1950s and early 1960s.

There are also photographic prints and negatives that depict road maintenance work, however the location and context of the photographs are not known.

World Bank / United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) projects

The series also contains recordsregarding the Transportation Department (TPD) role as the executing agency for projects of the United Nations Special Fund and the Fund's successor UNDP between 1968 and 1972. Through financing and technical assistance, the Bank and UNDP assisted former territories and countries who requested assistance to improve their transportation system. Projects in the series primarily relate to the Bank's supervision of national transport studies and surveys, which were typically conducted by outside consulting agencies or individuals (e.g., experts for technical assistance on the managerial level, engineers, soils and pavement specialists, economists, project managers, etc.) recruited by UNDP.

The records reflect project coordination, pre-appraisal and appraisal activities, feasibility studies, negotiations with contracting agencies (e.g., Kampsax, Louis Berger Inc.), staffing, cost estimates, project and contract extensions, logistic management, study findings and recommendations, and comments on reports.

Types of records include: survey and economic mission reports; applications and proposals; contractors' resumes; contracts for consultants' services; Terms of Reference; progress reports from contractors concerning various activities (e.g., implementation of rehabilitation work).

Specific projects include: Indonesia transport and port and dredging survey; Fiji transport and highway Maintenance Surveys (application submitted by the Government of the United Kingdom, on behalf of the Government of Fiji); Korea transport, highway studies, highway coordination and organization, and ports and harbors; Malaysia transport survey; Pakistan Karachi port expansion study; East Pakistan ports and waterways; East/West Pakistan transport study, Papua New Guinea highway study; Philippines port study; and Bangkok Thailand transport study.

Appraisal software user manuals

The series contains four user manuals developed by the Transportation and Urban Projects Department (TUD) with the assistance of the Computing Activities Department (1974, 1976 - 1977). The manuals provide instruction for the appraisal software used for Bank operational projects. The software was also distributed to member countries. Manuals include: Financial Analysis System (FAST, 1977), Port Simulation Model (PORTSIM, 1974), Cost Benefit Package (CBPACK, 1974), and the Road Analysis Model (RAM, 1976). FAST was designed to support the financial analysis of projects implemented by the Bank. CBPACK was produced to support the cost benefit analysis of projects. The Port Simulation Model (PORTISM) was an appraisal tool designed to support the evaluation of port projects. It aided Bank engineers and economists to accurately estimate the operational implications of the projects. The RAM appraisal tool was designed to support the economic evaluation of road projects by the Bank by providing an estimated return on the contemplated investment. The software is not included in the series.

Bank operational project support

The series also contains records related to theTransport Division of the Transport and Urban Development Department (TUDTR) and successor units' support to Bank lending projects (2001 - 2011). Records contain information about technical proposals for the supervision consultancy for Jaffna District in the Sri Lanka Provincial Roads Project - P107847 and technical assistance services for an environmental audit as part of the Bangladesh Rural Transport Improvement Project - P071435. Record types include reports and studies (e.g., status and audit reports), manuals, and procurement-related records.

Series consists of reference materials created or received by the Water Supply and Urban Development Department (WUD) and, more specifically, the Water Supply and Urban Development Department Operations Support and Research Unit (WUDOR).

The majority of the records within this series are published and unpublished research and discussion papers created by the WUDOR, World Bank regional offices, other World Bank departments, and external authors. External authors include consultants, academics, NGOs, and other multilaterals, such as United Nations Center for Human Settlements (HABITAT), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Topics of these papers relate to urban-rural relations, urban development strategy implementation, housing and shelter, municipal finances, spatial policy, urbanization, urban infrastructure, rent controls, electricity and energy pricing, participant/observer project evaluation, structural adjustment, urban transport, project budget management, and urban population. Records include background and theoretical papers as well as papers specific to individual countries and regions; all regions are represented, although African countries are most common. A small percentage of records relate to topics that are not directly related to the urban development sector, such as agriculture, healthcare, education, rural development, and water.

Series also includes a small amount of records created and used during the research and writing of World Bank-authored papers, including memoranda, back-to-office reports and consultant terms of reference.

Other types of papers included in the series include small numbers of regional strategy papers, project proposals and summaries, loan committee reviews, country and project appraisal reports, mission notes, policy papers, research and discussion paper drafts, project case studies, research proposals, program statistical data, Country Economic Memoranda, sector reports, conference papers, regional status reports, project monitoring reports and guidelines, and WUD annual reports for 1984 and 1986.

Series consists of chronological files created by Johannes Linn while working in the Development Economist and Chief Economist Vice Presidency (DECVP) between 1988 and 1991. The series contains records Linn created and received while serving in three different positions: as Senior Economic Advisor in the DECVP reporting directly to World Bank Chief Economist Stanley Fischer; as Director of DECVP's International Economics Department (IEC, 1989-1990); and as Country Economics Department Director (CEC, 1990-1991).

Records contained in chronological files created during his time as Senior Economic Advisor primarily contain correspondence, memoranda, and notes between Linn and World Bank staff. Drafts of reports, papers, and speeches are also included, generally as attachments; Linn's handwritten comments are included on some. Topics include: publication of reports; DECVP budgeting; adjustment lending; Operations Committee procedures; private sector development; public sector finance; staffing; conference and seminar attendance and participation; dissemination of information, reports, and speeches; and World Development Report 1989 and 1990. Records also include presentations and responses to queries related to the World Development Report 1988, of which Linn was the Staff Director. World Bank Board meeting minutes and Annual Meeting briefs authored for senior DECVP staff are also included.

Records contained in chronological files created during Linn's time as Director of DECVP's International Economics Department (IEC) contain correspondence, memoranda, and notes between Linn and World Bank staff. Topics include: access to World Bank socio-economic data; world economic projections; departmental staffing and recruitment; world debt tables; debt forgiveness; IEC publications; structural adjustment; and World Development Indicators (WDI) collaboration. A single file containing correspondence with external individuals and institutions created during Linn's time as Director of IEC is also contained in this series. It primarily contains invitations to participate in conferences and letters from individuals seeking employment or information.

Records contained in chronological files created during Linn's time as Director of DECVP's Country Economics Department (CEC) contain correspondence, memoranda, and notes between Linn and World Bank staff. Topics include: departmental budget, staffing, and work program review; country strategy papers (CSPs); structural and sectoral adjustment; coordination and support of policy workand research; review of staff papers and reports; private sector development (PSD) policy brief and PSD Working Group; publication of Linn's and others' articles and monographs; Soviet Union and former Soviet republics membership in the World Bank; privatization in developing countries; and constraints on lending. A small amount of material in these files relate to Linn's role in supporting the incoming World Bank Chief Economist Larry Summers. Records include correspondence with Summers and briefing materials.

This series contains chronological correspondence files from the first year and a half of Madavo's time as Country Director in the East Asia and Pacific Regional Vice Presidency (EAPVP). Madavo oversaw the Country Department responsible for lending and country monitoring for Cambodia, Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mekong Committee, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The correspondence is between Madavo and: member government officials including ministers; Bank staff including the East Asia and Pacific Regional Vice President, department division chiefs, and Bank resident missions of countries in Madavo's department; and Bank executive directors. Topics of correspondence are various but include: visits to countries; proposed and ongoing country projects and technical assistance; country tariffs; conference attendance; portfolio review; Country Strategy Paper and sector paper preparation; debt reduction; regional budgeting; staffing; and travel logistics and expenses. In addition to correspondence, otherrecords include: project proposals from countries; minutes of Loan Committee meetings; back-to-office reports; speeches and remarks made by Madavo; briefing notes; and updates on country economic and political developments.

Series contains copies of of World Bank/International Finance Corporation/International Development Association (IBRD/IFC/IDA) Administrative Circulars from 1973 to 1985 and For Your Information (FYI) announcements from 1986 to 1993 collected by Moeen Qureshi. Administrative Circulars were circulated Bank-wide, and provided announcements of senior staff appointments, organizational and procedural changes, and Bank-wide initiatives. As of 1986, the circulars were renamed For Your Information. The frequencyof the announcements varied from week to week.

Series consists of records related to Tim Campbell's work as the Principal Urban Sector Specialist in the Latin America and Caribbean Technical Department, Advisory Group (LATAD). Records relate to: conference attendance and participation; travel plans; Campbell's presentations to a variety of audiences; and staffing. Records include: Terms of Reference; back-to-office reports; Bank reports forwarded to Campbell; FY94 LATAD Retrospective; presentation slides; a number of innovation Case Studies relating toCuritiba, Brazil; LAC - FY97-99 Business Plan; and Campbell's FY97-99 Work Program. Records also include correspondence with external agencies and institutions that relate to information exchange, communications, and planning and coordination.

Records relate to a number of conferences and seminars that Campbell participated in or helped organize. These include: Institutional Development (ID) and Decentralized Governance: Looking Back on Lending, Looking Ahead to a Contestability Model of ID in LAC (1994);conferences of Latin American Mayors in Washington, DC, and Miami, Florida (1994 and 1996); a seminar called Decentralization: Policies and Practices that Work (1994); a seminar called Managing Decentralization: Best Practices and Policy Lessons in LAC (1996); a sub-regional conference on Best Practice and Policy Lessons in Decentralization (1995).

Series also contains a number of reports and articles authored by Campbell, including: Participation, Choice, and Accountability in Local Government: LAC andthe U.S. (May 1993); The Politics of Participation in Tijuana, Mexico: Inventing a New Style of Governance (1996, draft); Mendoza Provincial Program for Basic Social Infrastructure (MENPROSIF): Case Study (1995); and Innovations and Risk Taking: The Engine of Reform in Local Government of LAC (1996, accompanied by notes for a presentation on the paper).

This series consists of chronological files with incoming and outgoing correspondence from when Masood Ahmed served as the Vice President of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network (PREM). The records are arranged into different types of correspondence files, including: incoming emails from July 1997 to March 1998; outgoing emails from July 1997 to January 1998; chronological files from June 1997 to December 1997; general correspondence from June 1997 to January 1998; and general correspondence-external from February 1998 to December 1998. The chronological files consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence and memoranda with attached reports and handwritten notes related to the activities and communications within PREM, and with other units of the Bank. The general correspondence records are similar to the chronological files, but appear to be duplications and photo static copies of original correspondence. The general external correspondence includes incoming and outgoing correspondence between Ahmed and outside agencies, including communications with other multilateral institutions, NGOs, and private sector institutions. External reports and articles are also included.

This series consists of records related to Masood Ahmed's collaboration with the Economic Development Institute (EDI) of the Bank. Ahmed served on an EDI Advisory Committee during his time as Director of the IEC, and continued tocollaborate with EDI on a number of activities once he became the Vice President of PREM. The series includes memoranda, correspondence, articles, EDI reports, and EDI publications.

The series includes chronological correspondence files from when Attila Karaosmanoglu served as Managing Director (MDS) for Bank President Lewis T. Preston. The records include correspondence, memoranda, agenda and meeting minutes, and other records related to high level policies, programs, and administrative operations of the World Bank. This includes records related to the reorganization of the Bank in 1991, which details the termination of senior vice-presidencies in bank operations, establishment of managing directors in Bank operations, and the re-organization of Bank units and World Bank Group affiliates. Other records include memoranda and correspondence of various

meetings arranged for Karaosmanoglu with Preston, fellow Managing Directors Ernest Stern and Sven Sandstrom, Executive Directors of the Bank, country leaders, Regional Bank staff, and other World Bank senior officials. Some correspondence and memoranda cover policy and programs of the Bank, such as structural adjustment loan programs, travel policy, and country strategy or policy framework papers for specific countries.

This series includes subject and activity files related to the various activities and responsibilities of Joseph Wood from his time as Division Chief and later Assistant Director of the Program and Budgeting Department (PAB). The bulk of the records consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence; memoranda; reports; draft PAB project proposals; draft working papers; draft policy papers; background research material; and handwritten notes sent or received by Joseph Wood and other PAB staff. Most records are extensively annotated by Joseph Wood, and some background research material pre-dates Wood's time in PAB. Memoranda, correspondence, and meeting minutes received by or sent to the Office of the President (EXC) and the Executive Board of Directors are also included. Some subject files include: discussion and working paper drafts on capital increase and the report entitled, "Future Role of the Bank"; revision of the Bank's lending program; reports and draft policy papers on capital market prospects; revisions for draft financial policy papers; drafts and background material on selective capital increase; reports on access to capital markets; IDA statistical tables, data, and documents; FY77 budget issues records; correspondence related to the OPEC Recycling Scheme; notes on disbursement projections; and so on.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records of Heywood Fleisig created or received during his position as Senior Economist in the East Asia and Pacific Vice Presidency (AENVP). The correspondence and memoranda are primarily between Fleisig and regional economists and staff regarding economic and sector work (ESW) projects within the East Asia and Pacific Region (AEN). Draft research papers and reports are included, and contain comments and handwritten notes by Fleisig. Back-to-office reports, project proposal reports, and meeting minutes related to regional ESW projects are also included.

Series contains subject records created and received by Kuczynski during his second period of employment at the World Bank (1971-1973). The records were accumulated during his time as both Chief Economist of the Central America and Caribbean Department (CACDR) and Chief of the Policy Planning Division (EPRPP). Many of the files were begun whilecontain records from Kuczynski's time at the served in CACDR and then were added to while he led EPRPP.

Records related to the economic development of Latin American countries and their relationship with the World Bank are included in this series. These records date from the period when Kuczynski was Chief Economist for the Central America and Caribbean Department (CACDR); in addition there are two reports from 1970, prior to when Kuczynski assumed the position. Topics discussed in these records include: taxation and trade in Latin America; Bank relations with and activity of the Inter-American Bank (IDB); the Common Market in Latin America; and staff recruitment in the CACDR. The majority of the records are correspondence which either involves Kuczynski or was forwarded to him for informational value. Other records include: back-to-office reports describing country visits and meetings and conferences attended by Bank staff; lending reports for Bank member countries; reports (including "The World Bank in the Americas" authored by Kuczynski in August 1971); comments on memoranda and/reports by Kuczynski and others; and summaries on Latin American operations for Bank President McNamara in preparation for his participation in the Latin American Caucus in 1970 and 1971.

Records related to the Seminar on the Collection, Processing and Reporting of External Debt Statistics in Latin America are also included. The seminar, held in March 1973, was organized by the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Records include the seminar program guide as well as country presentations. Each country presentation was authored by country representatives and describe their country's debt administration and collection. Also included are report summaries and background information as well as correspondence discussing logistical details.

Records related to commodity production and trade are also included in Kuczynski's subject files. Commodities discussed include petroleum, coffee, tea, minerals, rubber, sugar, bauxite, rice, sulfur, cotton, and grains. Records also relate to: the Bank's role in the mineral sector; seminar planning on topics related to commodity production and trade; and the influence of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Records include: correspondence; memoranda; back-to-office reports; and Board papers (including commodity forecasts and studies). Also included are a number of reports including a series authored by John Foster of the Economic Analysis and Projects Department discussing oil revenue projects of OPEC member countries, collectively, and by Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, and Kuwait individually.

Kuczynski's subject files also include records related to topics in general economics. These include: income distribution; population growth and impact; joint and parallel financing of Bank projects; employment rates; and private lending to developing countries.

Records relating to Bank-related topics are filed alongside the general economics records. These include: impact of budget cuts on economic research; staffing; relations with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); research project planning; publication of Bank reports;Bank Board procedures; and country economic reporting. The majority of the records are correspondence and memoranda dating from 1972 and 1973. A single document, "Glossary of Population Terms", dates from 1967. Also included are comments on papers and summaries of Area Heads' meetings from 1972.

A file containing records related to Bank operations collected by Kuczynski while Chief Economist of CACDR is also included. Records contain correspondence and memoranda discussing: the Bank's operations program for 1972, 1973, and 1974; the Area Departments method of reporting; and the Bank-wide reorganization of 1972.

Records related to planning and future Bank lending are found in this series. Kuczynski collected these correspondence and reports (both final and draft) during 1971 and 1972. Reports discuss creditworthiness and Bank operations, capital flows, and the scale of future Bank operations. Of note is the memorandum entitled "The Scale of IBRD Financial Operations, FY74-78", which was presented to the Board by President McNamara in December 1971.

This series also contains records relating to the research and writing of the speech President McNamara delivered to the Board of Governors at the 1973 Annual Meetings in Nairobi, Kenya. Records include: memoranda discussing possible themes for the speech; a draft outline of the speech; multiple drafts, with contributions by Kuczynski, Mahbub ul Haq, Ernest Stern, and Hollis B. Chenery; comments on drafts, including an annotated draft by McNamara, dated June 19, 1973; memoranda by high-level staff discussing topics contained in the speech, including food production, agricultural sector, and the rural poor; a background paper presented by Chenery to President McNamara entitled "A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Poverty"; and various data collections in memoranda and table form.

Also contained in this series are records related to research seminars organized by Bank staff. These seminars were initiated by President McNamara in the spring of 1971 and then formalized into a series of seminars by Hollis B. Chenery in the fall of the same year. The seminars were intended for the Bank's senior staff. Both Bank staff and external participants presented on development-related topics. Records in this series are primarily from 1971 although they extend through 1973. Records include the full text or distributed notes on seminar presentations as well as invitations to sessions. A schedule of speakers for the fall 1971 series is included.

Also included in this seriesare Country Program Papers (CPPs) for most borrowing countries as well as correspondence related to the review of CPPs by the Program Review Division (EPRPR). (The EPRPR existed alongside the division led by Kuczynski, the Policy Planning Division (EPRPP), in the Policy, Planning and Program Review Department.) In addition to the CPPs, Country Program Notes and CPP "postscripts" are also included.

Finally, a copy of the World Tables produced in 1971 by the Bank's Economic Program Department's Socio-Economic Data Division is included.

This series includes drafts of proposed country strategy papers, study papers, and policy papers maintained by Lamb when he served as Economist for the Development Research Department (DRD). This includes the following draft papers: African Development Strategy: Some Administrative Issues; Proposed Institutional Study of Kenya Tea Development Authority; Rapid Capitalist Development Model: a New Politics of Dependence?; and Market Surrogate Approaches to Institutional Development.

The series includes chronological correspondence, memoranda, and other records created or received by Geoffrey Lamb while serving as Economist for the Development Research Department (DRD). Records include incoming and outgoing correspondence and memoranda between Lamb, the DRD Director John Duloy, DRD staff, and staff from other Bank units, including the Development Economics Department (DED), the Projects Advisory Staff (PAS), the Policy, Planning, and Program Review Department (PPR), and economic staffin Bank Regions. The correspondence and memoranda primarily concern proposed country economic research and studies, seminar and workshop participation, and DRC Work Program proposals. Incoming and outgoing correspondence are also included from individuals and organizations external to the Bank. The series also includes travel and leave request records and back-to-office reports (BTOs).

The series consists of sector policy review and sector work program review records created and maintained by Visvanathan Rajagopalan when he served as Vice President for Sector Policy and Research (PREVP/PRSVP), and its successor the Sector and Operations Policy Vice Presidency (OSPVP). Included in the series are drafts and final versions of Initiating Memoranda and policy papers; comments Rajagopalan received from his staff and units throughout the Bank on draft policy documents; briefing papers on draft policies; minutes of meetings of the PPR Management Group, the Operations Committee, the Policy Review Committee, the Executive Directors, the Committee of the Whole, and the UNDP/World Bank High Level Task Force on Collaboration at which policy documents were discussed; copies of Rajagopalan's remarks to the Executive Directors on policy documents; annual sector review reports; records related to sector department work program review; and copies of intra-OSP memoranda commenting on draft documents. Many ofthe documents are annotated with Rajagopalan's handwritten notes.

Series consists of chronological files created during Chernick's time as Advisor on Senior Policy Seminars in the Economic Development Institute (EDI). The majority of the files consist of correspondence in the form of carbon copies, printed copies, and telexes; a small number of draft reports accompany the correspondence. Records primarily relate to the development and planning of Senior Policy Seminars and their evaluation. Records related to the development and planning of seminars include: correspondence with potential seminar leaders and attendees; Terms of Reference related to Chernick's trips to plan or oversee seminars; back-to-office reports; reports to other members of EDI describing planned seminars; suggestions for, and discussions of, potential seminar topics; activity briefs; and logistics. Records related to the evaluation of seminars include: Terms of Reference for Impact Evaluation of EDI activities; a draft of a seminar evaluation package; blank evaluation questionnaires; and EDI EvaluationPolicy Committee meeting records (including a report on the Committee itself [1987]).

Other records include: a report on the World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program (1987); Chernick's proposed work program for 1987; materials related to World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program meetings; a report authored by Chernick entitled A Briefing Note on Foreign Exchange Risk (1985); reports and correspondence discussing the relationship between OED and EDI; EDI submissions to the World Bank Annual Report (submitted by Chernick); materials related to EDI Advisory Board meetings; and materials related to EDI Senior Staff meetings.

The background material in this series includes such varied items as a photograph of the Woods on their honeymoon; Louise Woods' card as a volunteer nurses aide in the U.S. Citizens Defense Corps of the City of New York, 1949; Louise Woods' voter registration card for the City of New York 1957; a copy of Life magazine of June 12, 1958, with George Woods on the cover; formal photographic portraits of George D. and Louise Woods, alone and together; copies of photographs from various sources, most with annotations by Oliver; copies of the Columbia University Oral History Research Offices interviews with Louise Woods and Edward Townsend; and two books, As I Went Along, by Alan Pope, President of First Boston Corporation, given to associates at Christmas 1947 and 75 Years of Banking, distributed by the Mellon National Bank in 1944. The bulk of the series is the George D. Woods clippings files, both from his unsuccessful nomination in September 1961 to head the Agency for International Development and his October1962 appointment to the World Bank.